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- Xref: sparky alt.lang.asm:512 comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware:34296
- Newsgroups: alt.lang.asm,comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
- Path: sparky!uunet!microsoft!hexnut!chuckst
- From: chuckst@microsoft.com (Chuck Strouss)
- Subject: DRAM refresh rates
- Message-ID: <1992Dec27.105039.25690@microsoft.com>
- Date: 27 Dec 92 10:50:39 GMT
- Organization: Microsoft Corporation
- References: <1992Dec15.205835.643@zooid.guild.org> <1gske7INNgje@coli-gate.coli.uni-sb.de>
- Lines: 36
-
- In article <1gske7INNgje@coli-gate.coli.uni-sb.de> chbl@sbustd.rz.uni-sb.de (Christian Blum) writes:
- >
- >No way this will work. The refresh rate is set to 18.2 per second; since
- >there are 512 rows to refresh, this means every bit in your computer's
- >DRAM is refreshed every 20 seconds! There are DRAMS that survive 15ms
- >without being refreshed, but a 70ns DRAM can't take it. Try about 10ms
- >......
-
- It is surprising how long some DRAMs can go without refresh. For
- production systems, you must believe the manufacturers worst-case
- specs, but DRAMs rarely need to be refreshed that often.
-
- A while back, I was working on the software for a computer system that
- did its DRAM refresh with a software interrupt -- it only took about
- 5% of the CPU time. At first, we had a bug in our refresh code, but
- the system was still working remarkably well. Tracing down another bug
- revealed that we weren't refreshing at all, except for the natural
- refreshing that came from the execution of code.
-
- Once we got the refresh working, we decided to determine exactly
- how slow we could refresh and still have the system work. We made
- sure that the CPU was executing in a tight loop the rest of the time,
- so that normal execution wasn't refreshing.
-
- Turns out the particular DRAMs we were using, at the temperatures
- we were running, held their contents just fine with a 1-2 second
- refresh rate. They started failing a bit at 5 sec, and were
- still 80% correct after 15 sec.
-
- We expanded our experiments a bit, and tried DRAMs from different
- manufacturers, and also tried different temperatures. There
- were remarkable differences with both parameters. We ended up
- taking the full 5% CPU hit requirred to meet the manufacturers'
- specs, which I think is a good decision for anybody who is tempted
- to play around with refresh rates.
-
-