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- From: ziert@beloit.edu (Tom Zier)
- Newsgroups: sci.virtual-worlds
- Subject: Re: SCI: VR and Psychology
- Message-ID: <1992Nov22.212041.1936@u.washington.edu>
- Date: 22 Nov 92 18:25:02 GMT
- Article-I.D.: u.1992Nov22.212041.1936
- Sender: news@u.washington.edu (USENET News System)
- Organization: University of Washington
- Lines: 93
- Approved: cyberoid@milton.u.washington.edu
- Originator: hlab@stein.u.washington.edu
-
-
-
- > From: cdshaw@cs.ualberta.ca (Chris Shaw)
- >
- > >>The experiment to which you are referring is JJ Gibson's "Visual Cliff"
- > >>experiments, in which very young animals are put on a plexiglass table in
- > >>which one side has a checkerboard pattern that looks close (located at the
- > >>table, top), while the other side has a two foot deep hole in it.
- > >>shows fairly convincingly that animals have 3D visual perception at birth.
- >
- > >I'm convinced that animals *and* children have 3D visual perception at
- > >birth.
- >
- > Yes, sorry, I messed up the description. Human infants were also put on
- > the table with the visual cliff, and human infants also markedly preferred
- > the visually safe side of the table.
- >
- > >I'm not sure that 3D visual perception is the reason that the child and
- > >the very young animals behaved differently.
- >
- > They behaved the same.
-
- The discussion here has bumped up against what is called the
- correlation problem, and brought to bear one of the test-cases that
- has never been resolved by cognitivists in perceptual psychology (or
- the ecological gang either). Can the infant know what the cliff
- represents? No. Yet the child does not venture into the visually
- UNSAFE area.
-
- The cognitive group appeals to a mentalese language, and makes the
- assumption that something must have been learned apriori, or that all
- survival knowledge of this type is genetically encoded and available
- from birth. There are logical extensions of this position that make
- this a doubtful hypothesis though, such as; If we cannot conceive of
- something without first having a mental language construct for it, and
- we provide no avenue for interaction with the environment to modify
- that language construct, then, Prof. Bohrs must have been born with
- Quantum Mechanics already present within his mental language.
-
- See "Determining the primary problem of visual perception:a Gibsonian
- response to the 'correlation' objection" by Philip A. Glotzbach;
- Philosophical Psychology, Vol. 5, No.1, 1992 for a brief discussion of
- these arguments.
-
- Two critical points of interest, though, which have not been properly
- considered:
-
- First; The assumption is made that perception of three dimensional
- spaces must be responsible for the infants response. (damn Euclid,
- sorry John) This is not the case.
-
- Second; The critical presence of that grid-work under the plexiglass
- in this experiment.
-
- Just as color perception has come to be considered a prelinguistic
- abillity
-
- See Thompson, E., Palacios, A. & Varela FJ (1992). "Ways of
- coloring: Comparative color vision as a case study for
- cognitive science" Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 15, 1-74
-
- by some, ie we see bananas as distinctly yellow before we know either
- of the words for banana or yellow, so there are apparently some
- spacial understandings long before we understand the word 'cliff' or
- 'fall'.
-
- Is there necessarilly a knowledge of 3 dimensional space involved when
- the infant fails to tumble over the edge? No.
-
- The distal knowledge of our visual environment seems to be based on
- properties of stereoscopy and movement by other things through our
- visual field,to which letter and number are well suited for the
- descriptive task; but the perception of fine detail (which is the
- checkerboard pattern noted above) appears to be supported by quite a
- different neural network, one which is not well suited to either
- letter or number.
-
- The 'parvo-interblob-palestripe' network (Livingstone) promotes the
- perception of 'formal' changes, fine detail, vertical elements, and it
- happens also to be color blind. These cues, and their proper
- applications, can easily explain the infant's response; given that
- there is some prelinguistic abillity in spacial reckonings similar to
- that prelinguistic abillity found in color perception pathways.
-
- This is just one more of the long running arguments which a
- prelinguistic, and pre Euclidean, analysis of visual forms helps to
- resolve. Surely the infant cannot have been born with an understanding
- of spacial theorems which it took the human race well over 15,000
- years to invoke.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------
- t. zier ziert@beloit.edu
- -------------------------------------------------------
-