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- From: jfb@draco.macsch.com (John Baskette)
- Subject: Re: The Great Pyramid of Giza
- Message-ID: <1992Nov20.035608.13469@draco.macsch.com>
- Sender: jfb@draco.macsch.com (John Baskette)
- Organization: MacNeal-Schwendler Corp.
- Date: Fri, 20 Nov 92 03:56:08 GMT
- Lines: 176
-
- This was posted to sci.archaeology as part of a thread
- discussing NOVA's Nov 3rd program on pyramids. I am posting
- this to sci.skeptic and again to sci.archaeology along with
- some data that is of interest to this topic. Sci.skeptic is
- the proper home for the discussion of psuedo-science theories
- such as this one.
-
- In article <Bxyq15.6zL@acsu.buffalo.edu> v064lnev@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (Avatar) writes:
-
- >"The natural tendency of a traditionally trained archeologist is to
- >fit his finds into the fashionable preconcieved matrix of ideas
- >regarding the shape of prehistory that it is a long, slow, upward
- >gradient leading inexorably from primitive man to the summit of modern
- >society's achievements. It is his very ability to do so that has
- >gained him his qualifications as an archeologist. Consequently, had
- >earlier civilizations left behind aircraft runways, say, then it is
- >likely that they would be classified as 'ritual causeways'; an
- >earth-and-stone-built chamber for screening off radioactive waste or
- >machinery would of course take on an unintended role as a 'tomb'; an
- >astronomical observatory-cum-computer would immediately start a new
- >life as a temple; and skyward-facing navigational markings for
- >airships would become 'magic designs for the appeasement of the
- >gods'." -unknown author
- >
- >I believe that this is precisely the case with regards to the Great
- >Pyramid of Giza. Lets consider the facts, shall we?
- >
- >The pyramid stones, some of which weighed up to 70 tons, were so
- >finely cut and positioned as to give joints of less than a fiftieth of
- >an inch in thickness. Not to mention that the tools employed by the
- >Egyptians, at the time, were not of sufficient hardness to even dent
- >some of the types of stone used in the construction. Next, a fine
- >cement was then run into these joints so expertly as to give an even
- >coverage of areas as big as five feet by seven. The pyramid's now
- >almost totally despoiled original outer casing of polished limestone
- >(all twenty-one acres of it) was levelled and honed to the standard of
- >accuracy normal in modern optical work.
- >
- >As a geodetic marker and an orbital observatory, the Great Pyramid is
- >so perfectly oriented with the cardinal directions that modern
- >compasses are adjusted to it. Furthermore, this spectacular pyramid
- >is sited at the exact center of the geometrical quadrant formed by the
- >Nile Delta. Using the Sacred Cubit, nearly every one of the Pyramid's
- >basic external and internal measurements can be expressed as a
- >function of the quantity pi and 365.242. The quantity pi, by the way,
- >had supposedly not been discovered yet, and 365.242 is the number of
- >days in the solar tropical year. And lastly, though archeologists all
- >consider the pyramid to be a tomb, not one corpse has ever been found
- >within the structure, nor is there any evidence to indicate that their
- >ever were.
- >
- >
- > .'|`.
- >_________________________________.'-{*}-`.____________________________________
- >Zerxes M. Bhagalia '----|----` INT: v064lnev@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu
- >State University of New York .---------------. bhaga-z@acsu.buffalo.edu
- > at Buffalo .' `. News Director, WFFT 104.9 FM
- >Political Science .' `. Justice, SA Judiciary (SWJ)
- >Computer Science .'________MDCCLXXVI________`. Computer Consultant (UCS)
- >-------------------N O V U S O R D O S E C L O R U M----------------------
-
- Hello. I reflowed your text.
-
- I do not know enough to comment on every point you raise, but I do have
- some facts from some books that refute some of your claims. The first
- is "The Pyramids and Temples of Ghizeh" by Sir William Flinders Petrie.
- (2nd edition London: Histories & Mysteries of Man Ltd., 1990, This is a
- reprint of the 1885 book published by the Royal Society. The first
- edition was published in 1883.)
-
- Petrie has been called the "Father of modern Egyptology". The data
- I list here will be from his book, but the data is very good. Later
- survey's by J.H. Cole in 1925 and modern surveys by legitimate research
- organizations such as the American Research Center in Egypt and others
- all confirm the accuracy of Petrie's original survey data.
-
- The other books are Peter Tompkins, "Secrets of the Great Pyramid"
- (New York:Harper & Row, 1971). This book is a psuedo-science book. It
- is still in print, and it has some value because the author gives much
- of the history of pyramidology pseudo-science. There is also E. Raymond
- Capt's books, "The Great Pyramid Decoded" and "Study in Pyramidology"
- (Thousand Oaks, Calif.:Artisan Sales, 1986). The first Capt book was
- given out by TV evangelist Gene Scott who promotes several pseudo-
- science theories to his followers.
-
- The "sacred cubit" that the poster refers mentions is not a measure
- used by the ancient Egyptians. It is the product of the imaginations
- of two 1860 pyramidologists, John Taylor who wrote a book "The Great
- Pyramid: Why Was it Built? And Who Built It?" and Piazzi Smyth who
- wrote after Taylor in the 1860's "Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid."
-
- These two were Anglo-Israelites who believe that the white peoples of
- northwest Europe, particularly those of Great Britain and the U.S are
- the descendants of the 10 Lost Tribes of Israel. According to them
- the pyramid was built by some Biblical patriarch such as Job or Enoch.
- The pyramid allegedly encodes statistics about the form and measure
- of the earth and also contains a map of Bible history and future
- prophecy.
-
- The sacred cubit equals 25 inches. The claim is that the ancient
- builders of the pyramid (not the Egyptians - they were too dumb) built
- the pyramid using English! units of measure. To be sure the inch
- unit did change some over the years. The primitive or "pyramid inch"
- is 1.00106 British inches. The fudge factor evolved because the
- early (1830s) estimates of the pyramid baselines were 9140 inches to
- a side. Multiply that by 4 and you get 36,560 inches as the sum of
- all four baselines. Well, fudge the inch a little and invent a sacred
- cubit of 25 inches and (viola!) the baseline of the pyramid is 365.242
- sacred cubits, a figure equal to the length of the solar year in days.
- This idea was invented by John Taylor over 130 years ago.
-
- Latter day pyramid peddlers will measure the baselines from some
- "socket" corners that extend a little further out from the edges of
- the pyramid.
-
- The early estimates of the baselines were not accurate. This is
- because by the 1800's almost of the original casing stones that once
- covered the pyramid had been stripped leaving only the core masonry
- that we see today. When Petrie did his survey in 1881, he was able
- to recover casing stones buried under 12 to 20 feet of debris right at
- the pyramid base on all four sides. His measurements of baselines and
- distances between the socket corners are as follows (+-0.1 in):
-
- SIDE BASELINE (in) SOCKET (in) CORE (in)
-
- N 9069.4 9129.8 9002.3
- E 9067.7 9130.8 8999.4
- S 9069.5 9123.9 9001.7
- W 9068.6 9119.2 9002.5
-
- All of these lengths are much to short to match any of claims made
- by the pyramidologists concerning the years in a day idea.
-
- The pi ratio in the pyramid is derived from the ratio of the
- pyramid baseline divided by the height. The average baseline
- is 9,068.8. Divide this by the height (5776 +- 7 inches) and you
- get 1.5701. This value times two is 3.1402. A better approximation
- of pi is obtained using the angle of the slope of the faces of the
- pyramid. The angle for the north slope according to Petrie is
- 51 deg. 50 min. 40 sec. +- 1 min. 5 sec. The same ratios in a
- pyramid with this angle yield a value of 3.1427+-0.002.
-
- Petrie believed this feature was accidental. The Egyptians, he
- said, chose to build the pyramid using a sloping angle that
- was 11 at the base and 7 at the height. 11/7 is 1.5714. Times
- that by two and you get 3.1429 which is just about exactly
- the angle of the sloping stones.
- .
- .'|`. Thanx to our poster
- .' | `. for the nice pyramid
- .' | `. picture.
- .' | `.
- .' 7 | `.
- .' | `.
- .'____________|____________`.
- <----------- 11 ------------>
-
- Pyramidologists make other claims about pi and the year measures
- in other parts of the pyramid. Suffice it to say, Petrie's data
- shows all those other claims are also not correct.
-
- I am not an archaeologist and know only little about ancient
- Egypt, but this subject I researched some because some Christian
- friends of mine were believing this nonsense. As a Christian
- believer myself, I wished to help counter this stuff.
-
- I do not know enough to refute (or verify) the other claims you make.
- My questions are simple:
-
- Where do you get your facts and information? Can you document
- them from primary source material? My bet is that your sources
- are all of doubtful reliability. Since some of your claims are
- clearly false, why should I believe anything else you say on this
- subject?
-
- John
-