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- Xref: sparky sci.physics:19466 alt.sci.physics.new-theories:2391 sci.optics:1194
- Newsgroups: sci.physics,alt.sci.physics.new-theories,sci.optics
- Path: sparky!uunet!well!sarfatti
- From: sarfatti@well.sf.ca.us (Jack Sarfatti)
- Subject: Solution of the quantum optics paradoxes.
- Message-ID: <By5oqn.EnL@well.sf.ca.us>
- Sender: news@well.sf.ca.us
- Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
- Date: Mon, 23 Nov 1992 06:30:22 GMT
- Lines: 105
-
-
- Sarfatti Lectures in Advanced Physics (Lecture 5)
-
- Solution of the paradox of local dynamics vs linearity.
-
- ("Advanced" = "from the future" as in "advanced potential")
-
- *I have changed name from "super" to "advanced" because John Baez does not
- like the word "super".
-
- Consider again the polarizing beam splitter in which the |e+> and |o->
- states do not have a common support in space. Let a 1/2-wave plate be
- placed in the o beam only. Then the local unitary operator on the ket-space
- describing the dynamical interaction of the plate on the photon is U(o1/2)
-
- Therefore,
-
- U(o,1/2)|I> = U(o,1/2)[|e+><e+|I> + |o-><o-|I>]
-
- = |e+><e+|I> + |o+><o-|I>
-
- therefore,
-
- <I|U(o,1/2)*U(o,1/2)|I> = |<e+|I>|^2 + |<o-|I>|^2
-
- + <I|e+><e+|o+><o-|I> + <I|o-><o+|e+><e+|I>
-
- If <e+|o+> = 0 then the transformation is unitary. So orthogonality is a
- sufficient condition, but it is not necessary since
-
- <e+|o+> = i
-
- <o+|e+> = -i
-
- will also work. When |e+> and |o+> are parallel but pi/2 out of phase we
- can get a mean quantum connection signal in the pair case. Henry Stapp's
- proof against mean quantum connection signals for transmitter
- interferometers requires not only unitarity but also orthogonality of |e+>
- and |o+>.
-
- Note, that if we start with
-
- |I> = (1/sqrt2)[|e+> - |o->]
-
- then
-
- U(o,1/2)|I> = (1/sqrt2)[|e+> - |o+>]
-
- if
-
- |o+> = i|e+>
-
- <o+| = -i<e+|
-
- U(o,1/2)|I> = (1/sqrt2)|e+>[1 - i]
-
- <I|U(o,1/2)*U(o,1/2)|I> = (1/2)[1 + i][1 - i] = 1
-
- There is no problem with unitarity having parallel |e+> and |o+> kets and
- there is no paradox between local dynamical action and linearity of the
- operators in Hilbert space.
-
- Thus, for photon pair:
-
- |a,b> = (1/sqrt2)[|ae+>|be+> + |ao->|bo->]
-
- phase plate (phi) in a's e-path and 1/2 wave plate in a's o path
-
- U(a,e,phi)U(a,o,1/2)|a,b> = (1/sqrt2)[e^iphi|ae+>|be+> + |ao+>|bo->]
-
- Let |ao+> = i|ae+>
-
- U(a,e,phi)U(a,o,1/2)|a,b> = (1/sqrt2)|ae+>[e^iphi|be+> + i|bo->] = |a,b>'
-
- so
-
- |a,b>' = |a>|b>
-
- !a> = |ae+>
-
- |b> = (1/sqrt2)[e^iphi|be+> + i|bo->]
-
-
- p(e'+') = |<e'+'|b>|^2
-
- = [1 - sin2@sin(phi)]/2
-
- p(o'-') = |<o'-'|b>|^2
-
- = [1 + sin2@sin(phi)]/2
-
- so mean quantum connection signal at receiver is
-
- sin2@sin(phi)
-
- where @ is angle between the e' basis of receiver polarizer beam splitter
- and the e basis of the transmitter polarizer beam splitter at the events
- that each photon in the same pair scatters from them. The space-time
- interval between these two scattering events for parts of the same
- connected pair does not matter.
-
- On the other hand, if <e+|o+> = 0 there is no quantum connection signal in
- the mean though it may be detectable in the fluctuations of the receiver
- photocurrents which should still be proportional to sin2@.
-
-