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- Path: sparky!uunet!think.com!hsdndev!husc-news.harvard.edu!husc8!mcirvin
- From: mcirvin@husc8.harvard.edu (Mcirvin)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Re: Abian and the Fundamental Theorem o
- Message-ID: <mcirvin.722460851@husc8>
- Date: 22 Nov 92 19:34:11 GMT
- References: <1992Nov19.161552.1055@oracorp.co> <1541700006@gn.apc.org>
- Lines: 59
- Nntp-Posting-Host: husc8.harvard.edu
-
- antennae@gn.apc.org writes:
-
- >Well now, how about that for a voice of reason?
-
- >May I ask an ignorant question? If space-time is a continuum, then
- >how is it that we can move in many directions in space but only one
- >direction in time? Or is this an illusion? Or does my question have
- >no meaning?
-
- >Indra
-
- Nobody knows, but the non-answer you get depends on what you mean.
-
- If you're asking where the arrow of time comes from, that's something
- we dearly love to argue about here. But I think you mean the following:
-
- "If space and time can be transformed into each other by a change of
- reference frame, why is it that there are three spatial dimensions but
- only one temporal one?"
-
- Here's a partial non-answer:
-
- In relativity we model spacetime as a four-dimensional manifold with a
- "metric" associated with it; this essentially describes the local equivalent
- of the Pythagorean formula for distances along a line, or lengths of
- vectors. In Euclidean four-dimensional space the formula would be
-
- l^2 = w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2
-
- where x,y,z, and w are the components of the vector in four orthogonal
- directions and l is the length. This is just the Pythagorean theorem
- extended to four dimensions. But in the simplest sort of relativistic
- theory, SR, spacetime has the following metric:
-
- l^2 = ct^2 - x^2 - y^2 - z^2
-
- There are three minus signs and one term without a minus sign. (You
- can also define it so that only the ct term has a minus sign; that's
- a matter of convention.) Directions are "timelike" or "spacelike"
- depending on whether l is real or imaginary (respectively, with this
- convention). You can only travel in a "timelike" direction; this
- corresponds to velocities less than c. If you integrate l from this formula
- to find the length of a timelike curve, the result is c times the proper
- time experienced along that route.
-
- The Lorentz transform can mix, to some extent, the four components, but
- it's constructed in such a way that timelike directions stay timelike,
- spacelike directions stay spacelike, and "lightlike" directions (l=0)
- stay lightlike. This last is Einstein's postulate of the constancy of
- the speed of light. So even though spacetime is a single manifold,
- there's a distinction between timelike and spacelike directions; and
- if you choose an orthogonal basis of non-lightlike vectors, one will
- always be timelike and three spacelike.
-
- Why? Nobody knows. But that's the model that seems to correspond
- to reality, and it's mathematically consistent.
-
- --
- Matt McIrvin
-