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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!stanford.edu!CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU!Sunburn.Stanford.EDU!pratt
- From: pratt@Sunburn.Stanford.EDU (Vaughan R. Pratt)
- Subject: Re: Lowenheim-Skolem theorem (was: Continuos vs. discrete models)
- Message-ID: <1992Nov19.212702.26008@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU>
- Sender: news@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU
- Organization: Computer Science Department, Stanford University.
- References: <COLUMBUS.92Nov19105153@strident.think.com> <1992Nov19.172844.17787@ulrik.uio.no> <COLUMBUS.92Nov19151402@strident.think.com>
- Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 21:27:02 GMT
- Lines: 25
-
- In article <COLUMBUS.92Nov19151402@strident.think.com> columbus@strident.think.com (Michael Weiss) writes:
- >Quite true: the simplest "upward" L-S theorem asserts that if a theory with
- >a countable language has an infinite model, then it has models of arbitrary
- >cardinality kappa. This is easy to see from the completeness theorem: just
- >add kappa constants to the language, and axioms stating that they are all
- >distinct; you can easily show from the hypothesis that this extended theory
- >is consistent, so it has a model.
-
- In its proper generality: For any theory T, either there exists an
- integer such that all models of T are of cardinality less than that
- integer, or T has models of all infinite cardinalities greater than or
- equal to the cardinality of its language.
-
- Just so that people don't think first order logic is a total wimp, it
- should be pointed out that a first order theory *can* pin down
- everything about an infinite model *except* its cardinality. One says
- that T is *categorical* in power b, or b-categorical, when all models
- of T of cardinality b are isomorphic. A theory may or may not be
- categorical in power aleph_0, and independently may or may not be
- categorical in a given uncountable power. But if it is categorical in
- some uncountable power then it is categorical in all uncountable powers
- (Morley's theorem). Hence only four kinds of theories are possible.
- All four can happen.
- --
- Vaughan Pratt A fallacy is worth a thousand steps.
-