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- From: mustafa@seas.smu.edu (Mustafa Kocaturk)
- Subject: Volume of Cyl. Shell and Thermodynamics
- Message-ID: <1992Nov17.045359.23484@seas.smu.edu>
- Summary: Weight of tank is ~ wall thickness. Gas may change state
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- Organization: SMU School Of Engineering and Applied Science
- References: <1992Nov9.160909.11661@bsu-ucs> <141424@lll-winken.LLNL.GOV>
- Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1992 04:53:59 GMT
- Lines: 92
-
- Hello,
-
- In article <141424@lll-winken.LLNL.GOV> doug@wente.llnl.gov (Douglas S. Miller) calculates the approximate weight of a hollow cylindrical tank:
- > ... The weight of the tank, however, will go roughly as wall
- >thickness squared (mass = density*pi*(r_outer^2-r_inner^2)*height), so now
-
- I will first point out a tiny problem with the qualitative
- statement given above, and then attempt to use laws of thermodynamics
- to test the intuitive results being discussed.
-
- First, visualize doubling the thickness of the tank walls
- like wrapping the tank by another tank of the same thickness
- and roughly the same diameter, hence the weight would be roughly
- doubled. The weight therefore seems to incease only *linearly*.
-
- Proof:
- Using elementary algebra to write (ignoring the bases of the cylinder)
-
- r_outer^2 - r_inner^2 == (r_outer + r_inner)*(r_outer - r_inner)
-
- and assuming r_outer+r_inner is kept constant (by keeping the average
- diameter constant), it follows that the weight of the tank
- is *proportional* to its thickness.
-
- >we're talking a 40*40*(20 lbs) = 3200 lb tank. This sucker will also be big;
- >tank walls in scuba are at least an inch thick if memory serves and
- >we're going to increase that by 40. This gives us a tank about seven feet
- >in diameter at a bare minimum.
- >
- >Now all this assumes that we're scaling up a scuba tank to fit your
- >application. There may be better designs (spheres maybe) that will
- >make 100,000 psi practical. I'm sure there are high pressure
-
- Secondly, other things may happen before thickness grows
- out of control. The gas inside the tank will probably change state
- (liquefy or solidify) under that pressure, if some of its
- heat energy is taken away by cooling the tank such that
- the gas temperature stays the same (isothermal compression).
-
- Assuming that the volume and the amount of
- gas stay the same, then the temperature will be given by
-
- T2 = T1 * P2 / P1 (from PV=NRT)
-
- where
-
- T1,T2 are the initial and final temperatures in degrees Kelvin,
- P1,P2 are the initial and final pressures of the gas in Pascals,
- V is the volume of the enclosure in m^3,
- N is the number of moles of gas in the enclosure,
- R is a proportionality constant ( ~ 77.8 kJ/((degree K)*mole))
-
- If the heat is not dissipated, i.e. the compression is
- adiabatic, then one may also use the fact that (PV)^gamma stays
- constant (where 0<gamma<1 -- correct me if I am wrong)
- to discover that T also increases under compression, but more slowly
- than linear. This will result in heat (==energy) loss to the
- surroundings, which will be reflected as a reduction in P * V .
-
- This means that not only will you need strong walls, but also heat
- insulation to keep the energy in. Note that Q=K*(T_inner-T_outer)
- gives the heat lost, with K being the thermal conductance of the
- cylinder walls (Heat flows from hot to cold).
-
- In this problem N is not constant, but this can be taken care of by
- treating the volume, temperature, and pressure as variable and then
- integrating.
-
- The formulas given above summarize the main ideas leading to
- the design of combustion engines and refrigerators, for example.
- They represent laws of thermodynamics, which are so universal
- as to be applicable to chemical reactions, biological systems,
- the life cycles of stars, and superconductivity.
-
- The idea of using compressed air for storing energy is like the idea
- of using metal springs. Has anybody seen Leonardo da Vinci's
- spring-powered car design ? Its model was on exhibit here at SMU
- recently, along with models of his other ingenious designs like
- the air screw, parachute, log drilling machine, (military) tank, etc..
- I believe he must have also dealt with thermodynamics.
-
- >experimentalist types out there who can give a real answer.
- >
- You bet, but I am not one of them.
-
- >Doug Miller doug@retzlaff.llnl.gov
- >"But *why* can't I use a gas station air pump on my bike tire?"
-
- Kind regards,
- --
- Mustafa Kocaturk mustafa@seas.smu.edu EE Dept., Room 305A, Caruth Bldg.
- Home: 214-706-5954 Office: 214-768-1475 SMU Box 753190, Dallas, TX 75275
-