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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!destroyer!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!news.unomaha.edu!cwis!schlegel
- From: schlegel@cwis.unomaha.edu (Mark Schlegel)
- Subject: Re: pressure questions
- Message-ID: <schlegel.721961325@cwis>
- Sender: news@news.unomaha.edu (UNO Network News Server)
- Organization: University of Nebraska at Omaha
- References: <9729@blue.cis.pitt.edu.UUCP> <16NOV199214241024@csa3.lbl.gov>
- Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1992 00:48:45 GMT
- Lines: 41
-
- sichase@csa3.lbl.gov (SCOTT I CHASE) writes:
-
- >the air and water are in equilibrium, so you just drop down through a hole
- >in the floor. The structure is under zero net pressure, but the occupants
- >are at very high pressure. I don't know how much atmospheric
- >pressure you body can take, however I imagine that if you aclimate slowly
- >enough that you can take quite a few atmospheres of pressure. Others
- >surely know more about this than I do. But I suspect that when the
- >atmospheric pressure approaches the pressure you heart can generate, that
- >you have circulatory problems. Your heart will have to work harder,
- >and your blood vessels may not be able to take the pressure increase.
-
- I think the first problem is actually with the oxygen fraction, in the
- space program there is an advantage to having the astronauts breate air
- at low pressure (the capsule walls can be thinner and weigh less). To
- allow them to absorb the same amount of oxygen per second at a lower
- pressure they just increase the partial pressure of the oxygen until the
- astronauts are breathing 100% O2 at about 3 lbs/sq. inch. This is effectively
- the same as 22% O2 at 14.7 lbs/square inch at sea level. But for a diver they
- do the opposite and mix a small amount of oxygen with helium (a guess, 8% O2
- and 92% He). As you send the divers deeper they breate air at higher
- pressures and lower oxygen fraction, one of the things that limits the depth
- they can go is that the gas gets so thick that viscous effects become a
- problem.
-
- Since blood like water is incompressible, even large increases in external
- pressure will not constrict the circulatory system (pressure inside the body
- will equal the pressure outside the body).
- But back to the heart, the heart is only limited by relative pressure not
- absolute pressure. An increase in static pressure around the body will not
- affect the flow of blood because the only things that affect the work the
- heart must expend to pump X liters/min of blood is
- 1. blood viscosity
- 2. local acceleration
- 3. blood vessel cross-sectional area or shape
-
- In other words only things that alter the pressure gradient throughout the
- circulatory system will be a problem, static pressure does not affect the
- gradient.
-
- Mark
-