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- From: hougen@focus.csl.uiuc.edu (Darrell Roy Hougen)
- Newsgroups: sci.math.stat
- Subject: Re: Approximation and Estimation (HELP!!)
- Date: 24 Nov 1992 04:41:57 GMT
- Organization: Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Lines: 76
- Message-ID: <1esbqlINN18d@roundup.crhc.uiuc.edu>
- References: <24069@galaxy.ucr.edu> <1eribpINNne1@roundup.crhc.uiuc.edu>
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- hougen@focus.csl.uiuc.edu (Darrell Roy Hougen) writes:
-
- baez@guitar.ucr.edu (john baez) writes:
-
- % In article <1ejbebINNber@roundup.crhc.uiuc.edu> hougen@focus.csl.uiuc.edu (Darrell Roy Hougen) writes:
- %% I need to estimate a 'hill' function between -pi/2 and pi/2. It must
- %% be 0 at -pi/2 and pi/2 and it must be 1 at 0. It must increase
- %% monotonically from 0 to 1 on [-pi/2,0] and decrease monotonically from
- %% 1 to 0 on [0,pi/2]. It must be smooth, ie., differentiable everywhere
- %% in (-pi/2,pi/2), and have a derivative of 0 at 0.
- %%
- %% My first question is, does there exist a basis for functions of the
- %% above form?
-
- % Sure, infinitely many. It's best to say what *kind* of functions In
- % other words, smooth, continuous, or L^2 functions. But in any of the case
- % I just mentioned, there is a countable basis.
-
- First, thanks for the information. Perhaps I wasn't clear, but I
- would prefer to have smooth, continuous functions, ie., the first
- derivative must exist and be continuous on (-pi/2,pi/2). Right now I
- don't care about the norm too much, as long as it is reasonable.
-
- %% One possible basis that I've been thinking about is (cos(x))^k with k
- %% ranging from -inf to +inf. All the members of this set satisfy the
- %% conditions given above and it appears that any weighted sum of such
- %% functions will also although it would be nice to prove that.
-
- % Nope, it's not true, because all the functions you listed are "even"
- % (satisfy f(x) = f(-x)), so you can't approximate anything but even
- % functions. Also for k negative the functions you list are unbounded,
- % which is technically a pain in the butt.
-
- Let me simplify things a little by asking for even functions, ie.,
- assume that the function to be estimated is even. Also, I made an
- error when I allowed k to be negative. Instead, I should have defined
- my potential basis to be (cos(x))^k for k = 1,2,3,... and
- (cos(x))(1/j) for j = 1,2,3,...
-
- % The best basis to use is sin(2kx) and cos(2kx), taken together.
- % This basis is used in the Fourier transform and is well-known to
- % be a complete basis. I recommend this basis because a huge amount
- % is known about it and there is a huge amount of software written to
- % deal with it.
-
- The problem with this basis, a basis of which I am well aware and that
- several people have suggested in email, is that the estimate of the
- function might be negative in places or have the the wrong slope in
- places. Let me stress that any estimate, g, of the function, f,
- **MUST** satisfy the following conditions:
- g(-pi/2) = g(pi/2) = 0
- g(x) > 0 for x in (-pi/2,pi/2)
- g'(x) > 0 for x in (-pi/2,0)
- g'(x) = 0 for x = 0
- g'(x) < 0 for x in (0,pi/2)
- Corresponding to what I said above, it is also exceptable if g(x) =
- g(-x). This reduces the problem to finding a function on [0,pi/2]
- that satisfies the above conditions.
-
- It is the above list of conditions that make the problem hard. In
- particular, it appears that every basis function in the set of basis
- functions must satisfy the above conditions and that all of the
- coefficients must be nonnegative. If there is a different set of
- conditions that yield the same result, it would be nice to hear about
- it. For example, if there is some way to formulate the above problem
- as a constrained optimization, it would be nice to know. My current
- proposal for solving the problem is to use my amended set of basis
- functions listed above with nonnegative coefficients, ie.,
- g(x) = sum_i a_i * g_i(x)
- where all of the coefficients are forced to satisfy a_i >= 0.
-
- Can anyone tell whether this set of basis functions is sufficient for
- the problem as I have now stated it, ie., is it a complete basis? If
- not, is there another basis which is?
-
- Darrell R. Hougen
-