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- From: afm@trillian (Andreas Mueller)
- Subject: Re: Solutions to a cubic equation
- Message-ID: <1992Nov19.095515.1896@sun0.urz.uni-heidelberg.de>
- Sender: news@sun0.urz.uni-heidelberg.de (NetNews)
- Organization: University of Heidelberg, Germany
- References: <preece.3@StPaul.c10sd4.NCR.COM>
- Distribution: usa
- Date: Thu, 19 Nov 92 09:55:15 GMT
- Lines: 47
-
- preece@StPaul.c10sd4.NCR.COM (Bently.Preece) writes:
- :
- : markd@locus.com (Mark Dubinsky) writes
- :
- : ... What is the formula for the solutions of a cubic
- : equation
- :
- : x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0 ?
- :
- : sichase@csa3.lbl.gov (SCOTT I CHASE) writes:
- <stuff deleted>
- : use the trignometric identity:
- <stuff deleted>
- : Forget trig identities. Try (A + B)^3 = 3AB(A + B) + (A^3 + B^3). Now if
- : you can get 3AB = -D and (A^3 + B^3) = -E then A + B will be a solution.
- : This is easy to solve.
-
- Well, it is not so easy to forget the trigonometric identities.
- Historically, the use of the formula
-
- (a+b)^3=3ab(a+b)+(a^3+b^3)
-
- was the first attempt to solve the third order equation,
- this step is used to reduce to a quadratic equation. But
- then it turns out that in case our original equation has
- three real roots, the quadratic equation has complex
- roots (not real). The roots of the cubic equation could
- be obtained if one knew how to get third roots of
- complex numbers. In the time when the problem was first
- solved (by Cardano), this was impossible (complex numbers
- were impossible then...) so this was called the `casus
- irreducibilis', the irreducible case. Later people learnt
- to compute third roots of complex numbers. And how
- do they do that? Using de Moivre's formula, which
- reduces the problem to a trigonometric one. So You
- simple cannot forget the trigonometry.
-
- Hope this clears up a few points
-
- Andreas
-
- ---------------------------------------------------
- Andreas Mueller afm@mathi.uni-heidelberg.de
- Mathematisches Institut
- Im Neuenheimer Feld 288
- W - 6900 Heidelberg 1
- ---------------------------------------------------
-