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- From: arvola@sol.acs.unt.edu (Arvola William)
- Subject: Re: A Question About Fundamental Group
- Message-ID: <arvola.722107812@sol>
- Sender: usenet@mercury.unt.edu (UNT USENet Adminstrator)
- Organization: University of North Texas
- References: <amirishs.722059588@acf9> <18NOV199209581321@mary.fordham.edu>
- Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 17:30:12 GMT
- Lines: 34
-
- nissim@mary.fordham.edu (Leonard J. Nissim) writes:
-
- >In article <amirishs.722059588@acf9>,
- >amirishs@acf9.nyu.edu (shaahin amiri sharifi) writes...
- >>Consider a bunch of infinitely many (countable) circles with a
- >>point in common. The radii of these circles make a sequence like
- >>{1/n}. What is the fundamental group of this space? Any comments
- >>or referenc would be so helpful!
-
- >Sometimes known as the "Hawaiian earing space".
- >Its fundamental group has coutably many generators (one for each circle)
- >and no relations. (I.e., it is a free non-Abelian group on countably
- >many generators.)
-
- I don't think that it is as simple as this. Take, for example,
- a loop running around a subcollection of the circles whose radii
- converge like the sequence {1/2^n}. Since this (sub)sequence is
- summable this loop represents an element of the fund group which
- is not a finite product of the generators that were proposed.
-
- >"Algebraic Topology: An Introduction" by Massey is a good reference for
- >the definition and early theorems about the fundamental group.
-
- >This is cute: take the cone over your original space; that is, put all
- >the circles in the xy-plane tangent to the y-axis at (0,0) and connect
- >each point of every circle to the point (0,0,1) in R^3.
- >Now you have a space that is contractable (homotopic to a point), but
- >*not* locally simply connected. In fact, every small neighborhood of (0,0,a)
- >(where 0<=a<1) has a fundamental group with infinitely many generators.
-
- >-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- >Leonard J. Nissim (nissim@mary.fordham.edu)
- >Disclaimer: "I speak only for myself."
- >-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-