home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: sparky!uunet!charon.amdahl.com!pacbell.com!sgiblab!spool.mu.edu!olivea!pagesat!netsys!agate!stanford.edu!leland.Stanford.EDU!alderson
- From: alderson@elaine46.Stanford.EDU (Rich Alderson)
- Newsgroups: sci.lang
- Subject: Re: [week] Re: Weekdays in other languages (was: ... Latin?)
- Message-ID: <1992Nov16.234305.21042@leland.Stanford.EDU>
- Date: 16 Nov 92 23:43:05 GMT
- References: <1992Nov9.190805.2245@leland.Stanford.EDU> <1992Nov14.145924.29824@odin.diku.dk>
- Sender: news@leland.Stanford.EDU (Mr News)
- Reply-To: alderson@elaine46.Stanford.EDU (Rich Alderson)
- Organization: Stanford University Academic Information Resources
- Lines: 75
- In-Reply-To: thorinn@diku.dk (Lars Henrik Mathiesen)
- Originator: alderson@leland.Stanford.EDU
-
- In article <1992Nov14.145924.29824@odin.diku.dk>, thorinn@diku (Lars Henrik Mathiesen) writes:
- >alderson@elaine46.Stanford.EDU (Rich Alderson) writes:
- >
- >>That's why the Germanic names are as they are. For example, in
- >>English we have the reflexes of the following:
- >
- >> dies solis sun-day
- >> dies lunae moon-day
- >> dies martis Tiu's-day (god's name cognate with Latin deus, Skt.
- >> dyaus)
- >> dies mercurii Woden's-day (outside Scandinavia, Woden was the
- >> conductor of souls to the land of the dead,
- >> like Mercury)
- >> dies jovis Thor's-day
- >> dies veneris Frija's-day (goddess of love, Norse Frigga)
- >> dies saturni Saturn's-day (so they didn't have an equivalent--so
- >> what?)
- >
- >I have read that Tiu (Norse Tir, Got. Tiwaz), while strongly related
- >to Latin deus, is actually cognate to Gr. Zeus, Lat. Jovis; the
- >difference in PIE being something like *dyau- vs. *diw- (which
- >probably means that Skt. dyaus belongs to the Zeus class). Is this
- >wrong? (Of course, in the Germanic version, Tir is no longer a
- >father-god, but a war-god, the same role as the Roman Mars.)
-
- Different ablaut grades of the same stem:
-
- *dye:us
- *deiwos
- *diwos
-
- Tiwaz/Tyr/Tiu is cognate *in form* with Latin divus "divine"; please excuse the
- "loose" terminology--historical linguistics frequently speak of words being
- cognate when they mean that they derive from *related*, not necessarily
- *identical*, ancestral forms.
-
- Among the Goths, Tiwaz was still the chief god.
-
- Zeus is cognate with Sanskrit dyaus, and the initial element Iu- in Iuppiter,
- which has been discussed on this newsgroup before.
-
- >Is it known when/how this equation between Germanic and Roman gods was
- >established? I seem to remember that Tacitus mentioned some Germanic
- >gods as equivalents of Romans ones --- did these survive in Roman
- >culture and get applied by missionaries, or was the concept of weeks
- >and weekdays perhaps borrowed earlier, through trade and returning
- >mercenaries?
-
- The Romans followed the Greeks in equating other peoples' gods with their own.
- For example, Ovid's story of the metamorphosis of Io ends with her in Egypt--
- where he equated her with the Egyptian Isis. He doubtless was *not* being
- original in this equation.
-
- >Among the Germanic languages, the pattern is quite consistent.
- >Saturday has some variation: Scandinavian (No,Sw,Da) has variations on
- >lo/rdag, which originally meant washing day, while German has
- >Sonnabend (sun's night) or Samstag (which I have seen derived from
- >something other that Saturn) --- perhaps that untranslated Roman name
- >was too hard to remember.
- >
- >Also, German, and I believe Icelandic, have replaced Wotan's day with
- >Mittwoch (middle [of] week). I have read that the Christian church did
- >that to avoid the memory of the old faith, but on the other hand I
- >have the impression that Thor was the most worshipped of the old gods
- >at the time of conversion in Scandinavia and Iceland --- and if Wotan
- >wasn't the head god in Germany, why did he get suppressed there?
-
- Thor was more worshipped by the Norwegian and Icelanders; Odin was more
- important among the Swedes. I don't recall which was more important among the
- Danes at the time.
- --
- Rich Alderson 'I wish life was not so short,' he thought. 'Languages take
- such a time, and so do all the things one wants to know about.'
- --J. R. R. Tolkien,
- alderson@leland.stanford.edu _The Lost Road_
-