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- From: Tom Gray <tgray@igc.apc.org>
- Newsgroups: sci.environment
- Date: 16 Nov 92 05:43 PST
- Subject: --Studies Wrong on Emissions
- Sender: Notesfile to Usenet Gateway <notes@igc.apc.org>
- Message-ID: <1466601913@igc.apc.org>
- Nf-ID: #N:cdp:1466601913:000:6305
- Nf-From: cdp.UUCP!tgray Nov 16 05:43:00 1992
- Lines: 132
-
-
- /* Written 5:34 am Nov 16, 1992 by tgray@igc.apc.org in igc:en.energy */
- RADER, HAMRIN TAKE ISSUE WITH
- STUDIES DISMISSING RENEWABLES
-
- Contrary to the findings of two widely-publicized studies,
- renewable energy sources such as wind may have a significant role
- to play in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, according to two
- renewable energy experts.
-
- Writing in a recent issue of The Electricity Journal, Nancy Rader
- and Jan Hamrin of the San Francisco-based energy consulting firm of
- Hansen, McQuat, Hamrin and Rohde, Inc., said the two studies -- one
- by Congress's Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) and the other
- by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) -- "[generally fail] to
- reevaluate renewables based on recent evidence . . .
-
- "Over the last decade, advances in technology have reduced the
- costs of solar and wind electricity by 60 percent to 75 percent and
- increased reliability to the point where these resources, along
- with biomass, can now compete with conventional electric plants in
- some markets, especially those in which environmental benefits are
- considered.
-
- "These resources must be accurately valued to optimize carbon
- dioxide (CO2) reduction strategies."
-
- Among criticisms leveled by Rader and Hamrin at the studies are the
- following:
-
- o The strongest CO2 reduction strategy in the OTA study,
- Changing by Degrees: Steps to Reduce Greenhouse Gases, calls
- for only 22,000 MW of non-fossil electric generating capacity
- to be installed by the year 2015. Even if all of this new
- capacity were to come from renewables (and none from nuclear
- power), it is quite modest in scale, amounting to only four
- times what the state of California alone achieved with
- renewables during the 1980s.
-
- o "[N]either the OTA or NAS accepted or even adequately reported
- the recent conclusions of a comprehensive government report on
- the potential of renewable energy." That report, developed by
- five national laboratories as part of the Bush
- Administration's National Energy Strategy deliberations, found
- that renewable energy sources could provide about 20 percent
- of U.S. energy demand by the year 2015, a level which would
- require that renewables be brought on line roughly four times
- as fast as the OTA study projects.
-
- o The maximum carbon dioxide reductions in both the OTA study
- (29 percent from current levels) and the NAS report (a range
- of 10 percent to 40 percent) fall well short of the level of
- 60 percent or more considered necessary by the United Nations
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to stabilize
- the Earth's atmosphere.
-
- o The NAS methodology lumps each resource into a block of energy
- available at a single price (for wind, 9.5 cents/kWh). This
- ignores the fact that wind energy is available at some sites
- today at considerably lower prices. [ed. note: The Utility
- Wind Interest Group, a group of utilities working with the
- U.S. Department of Energy and the Electric Power Research
- Institute to promote greater awareness of wind energy, has
- concluded that wind energy is currently available at 7.5
- cents/kWh on average, using standard utility power plant cost
- assumptions.]
-
-
- o OTA's methodology also assumes that renewable energy "is
- almost always . . . a more expensive option than [other
- options such as energy efficiency, natural gas, and nuclear
- power]." Yet an investigation in detail suggests that this
- assumption is unsound:
-
- * OTA's projections for energy efficiency gains are "vastly
- in excess of what has been achieved in the past."
-
- * The levels it proposes for natural gas supply may well
- lead to a supply "crunch" and a dramatic rise in gas
- prices.
-
- * OTA argues that nuclear plants can achieve an average
- capacity factor of 70 percent, even though some 20
- nuclear reactors had lifetime capacity factors of
- approximately 50 percent or below as of the end of 1988.
-
- If OTA's estimates do not materialize, the need for new
- energy, presumably from renewables, would increase sharply.
-
- o If a national carbon tax is imposed on fossil fuels, as OTA,
- NAS, and other policy analysts have recommended, renewable
- energy sources would be favored along with nuclear power and
- energy efficiency.
-
- "Why OTA and NAS chose to cast such a bleak shadow over renewables
- is curious," Rader and Hamrin concluded. "Dismissing the potential
- of renewables might have been defensible a decade ago because of a
- lack of data and experience. But that excuse is not valid today:
- many renewable technologies have achieved excellent technical,
- economic and operational records since 1978.
-
- "A more accurate assessment -- one which does more than recycle
- preconceived notions of the past -- must be expected from studies
- of this consequence. Analyses which fairly evaluate all resources
- would provide more meaningful information to Congress about the
- full slate of options available to the country for meeting
- greenhouse gas reduction goals."
-
- The article, entitled "The Role of Renewable Energy in Global
- Warming Mitigation -- a Critique of Trusted Assessments," is
- adapted from a more extensive report available from the authors.
-
- ===============================
-
- The American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) has authorized me to offer
- an electronic edition of its newsletter, _Wind Energy Weekly_, from
- which the above article is excerpted, at no cost.
-
- For those of you who have not previously seen excerpts from back issues
- on Usenet or Bitnet, the _Weekly_ reports on the outlook for renewable
- energy, energy-related environmental issues, and renewable energy
- legislation in addition to wind industry trade news. The electronic
- edition normally runs about 10kb in length.
-
- If you would like a free electronic subscription, send me an e-mail
- request. Please include information on your position, organization,
- and reason for interest in the publication.
-
- *******************************************************************
- Tom Gray EcoNet/PeaceNet: tgray@igc
- Internet/Bitnet: tgray@igc.apc.org UUCP: uunet!cdp!tgray
-
-