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- Path: sparky!uunet!munnari.oz.au!uniwa!uniwa!nfm
- From: andreww@uniwa.uwa.edu.au (Andrew Williams)
- Newsgroups: sci.electronics
- Subject: Re: CCD camera questions
- Date: 20 Nov 1992 15:05:36 +0800
- Organization: The University of Western Australia
- Lines: 50
- Message-ID: <1ei2o0INNpfs@uniwa.uwa.edu.au>
- References: <311@wd0gol.WD0GOL.MN.ORG> <1992Nov12.235528.2939@elroy.jpl.nasa.gov> <sysrick.721627178@starbase.spd.louisville.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: uniwa.uwa.edu.au
-
- sysrick@starbase.spd.louisville.edu (Rick McTeague) writes:
-
- >In <1992Nov12.235528.2939@elroy.jpl.nasa.gov> jack@robotics (Jack Morrison) writes:
-
- >>>The second CCD camera question deals with the CCD's response to IR.
- >>>What is the response curve of a CCD camera? How quickly does the CCD's
- >>>sensitivity taper off as the frequency of the light drops below visible
- >>>and into IR? And how come I can see the IR on my monitor/view-finder?
- >>>(try pointing your TV remote at the cam-corder). My potential application
- >>>is a pseudo-night-vision device.
-
- >>It depends on the CCD used, and the optical filters in front of it that
- >>make specific CCD elements sensitive to red, green, or blue. But as you've
- >>observed, they do see some IR. Your monitor displays this signal as
- >>visible image (TV remote IR LED's are actually pretty bright).
-
- >CCDs are reasonably sensitive to near IR at room temperature. Get them
- >cold (liquid nitrogen), and they're even more so; I have an astronomer
- >friend who uses cooled CCDs as his IR image sensors.
-
- CCD's get less sensitive to IR as you cool them, not more. The incoming
- photon must combine with a 'packet' of heat energy (a phonon) to be
- absorbed. The sum of the photon and phonon energies must exceed the
- silicon band-gap to excite an electron. Lower temperatures mean fewer
- high energy phonons, so the cutoff wavelength decreases. The reason
- astronomers cool CCD's is to reduce the 'dark current' caused by those
- (few) high energy phonons energetic enough to excite an electron by
- themselves. This dark current limits exposure times to milleseconds at
- room temperature, or centuries at -150 deg C or so. Usually the CCD's
- are cooled as little as is necessary to give reasonably low noise within
- the exposure time they require.
- If it weren't for this 'indirect' absorbtion process, CCD's
- would only be sensitive to photons energetic enough to excite electrons
- directly- the traditional 'LED red' color, and up.
-
- (all the above applies to silicon CCDs only- as far as I know, the more
- exotic materials aren't CCD's as such, but standard detector arrays
- anyway).
-
-
- >Rick McTeague
- >Electrical Engineering Department, Speed Scientific School
- >University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
- >(502) 588-7020
-
- >Internet: sysrick@starbase.spd.louisville.edu
-
-
- Andrew Williams,
- Physics, Uni of West Australia.
-