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- From: whit@carson.u.washington.edu (John Whitmore)
- Newsgroups: sci.electronics
- Subject: Re: How do constant voltage (ferroresonant) transformers work?
- Message-ID: <1992Nov18.052939.25480@u.washington.edu>
- Date: 18 Nov 92 05:29:39 GMT
- Article-I.D.: u.1992Nov18.052939.25480
- References: <1992Nov15.031727.25053@imax.imax.com>
- Sender: news@u.washington.edu (USENET News System)
- Organization: University of Washington, Seattle
- Lines: 51
-
- In article <1992Nov15.031727.25053@imax.imax.com> dave@imax.imax.com (Dave Martindale) writes:
- >I just bought an old Sola CVS-series constant-voltage transformer.
-
- >1. How does it WORK? I can't explain how it does its voltage regulation
- > trick with just a transformer and a capacitor.
-
- That isn't a transformer. It's a constant voltage
- transformer and the two are VERY DIFFERENT. The constant voltage
- transformer has two separate, loosely-coupled magnetic circuits,
- the second of which is capacitor-tuned to the line frequency.
- Saturation of the core limits the amplitude of the resonant
- secondary, and this secondary usually has 90 degrees phase
- shift from the primary.
-
- Amplitude change on the primary causes the secondary
- to change its phase with respect to the primary (because
- the saturated link does NOT transmit an undistorted waveform),
- and one can make a tertiary winding which sums the voltages
- on the primary and the secondary: this sum (actually a weighted
- sum, the secondary usually runs at conveniently high voltage
- for inexpensive power capacitors) can then be made independent
- of the input voltage, to first order.
-
- >2. The label says that the transformer is "harmonic neutralized". What
- > would the output waveform look like without this?
-
- Because saturation is a kind of regulation in itself, it
- is possible to make a third-harmonic resonant circuit to give
- roughly square-wave output from a ferroresonant transformer (the
- design is slightly different from what I described above, I think).
-
- >3. What sort of winding temperature would the transformer be designed for?
- > I've had it running at a little under 1/2 rated load for a few hours,
- > with the input voltage at the lower end of the regulation range,
- > and the temperature inside the core is about 70 degrees Celcius.
- > This seems a bit high to me for only half load.
-
- Losses in the iron are circa 20% of full rated load, and they
- DO NOT GO DOWN when the load is lessened. You are still running
- a lot of quiescent current in the resonant secondary, after all.
- Temperature limit on these devices is roughly that of the varnish
- that insulates the wiring, unless it has soldered connections that
- would melt first.
-
- Reliability is very high. I have black crinkle-finish
- CV transformers that work just fine (estimated 40 years old).
- Also, as surge-protectors go, this kind of device has
- my vote: it absorbs a surge with a few dozen pounds of steel and
- copper, not just a wimpy ten-gram MOV.
-
- John Whitmore
-