home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Newsgroups: sci.econ
- Path: sparky!uunet!charon.amdahl.com!pacbell.com!sgiblab!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!pacific.mps.ohio-state.edu!linac!mp.cs.niu.edu!uxa.ecn.bgu.edu!news.ils.nwu.edu!mac125.ils.nwu.edu!user
- From: dfoster@ils.nwu.edu (David Foster)
- Subject: Re: Taxes and stocks (mostly)
- Message-ID: <dfoster-171192134212@mac125.ils.nwu.edu>
- Followup-To: sci.econ,misc.invest,misc.taxes,talk.politics.misc
- Sender: usenet@ils.nwu.edu (Mr. usenet)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: mac125.ils.nwu.edu
- Organization: Institute For The Learning Sciences
- References: <1992Nov15.221525.5619@desire.wright.edu> <1992Nov16.041235.26993@midway.uchicago.edu> <1992Nov16.125105.5632@desire.wright.edu> <1992Nov16.202148.24943@midway.uchicago.edu>
- Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1992 19:42:42 GMT
- Lines: 61
-
- In article <1992Nov16.202148.24943@midway.uchicago.edu>,
- thf2@quads.uchicago.edu (Ted Frank) wrote:
- >
- >
- > > Holding costs you nothing.
- >
- > Brett, that's 100% false. If you have $1000 in capital gains, and the
- > tax goes up from 23% to 35%, holding on to the stock costs you $120.
- > Period.
- >
- > Remember, all you have to do is sell and buy within five minutes. Then
- > you've "realized" the capital gains in the year with the lower tax rate.
- > Yes, you pay two extra commissions. But for a large number of people,
- > especially long-term investors, who'd been holding onto stocks since
- > the days when the Dow was below 1000, that tax gain is going to outweigh
- > the cost of the exta commissions.
- >
-
- You're leaving out the effects of the time value of money. In general,
- there
- is an incentive to defer payment of taxes as long as possible because an
- amount X today is worth more than the same amount X later (standard finance
- theory.)
-
- I constructed the following hypothetical example to illustrate. Suppose
- two
- people buy stock in the same company in 1976 for $1000, and the market
- price of
- that stock goes as follows:
-
- $1000 $2000 $2500
- 1976 1986 1992
-
- The capital gains tax rate is 23% in 1985 and 35% thereafter. Investor A
- holds until 1992, while investor B sells and rebuys his stock on Dec 31,
- 1985, and then sells in 1992. Assume for simplicity the required rate of
- return for these investors is 10%.
-
- In 1986, investor B pays $230 in tax while investor A pays none. In 1992
- investor A pays (.35 x $1500 =) $525 in taxes, while investor B pays
- (.35 x $500 =) $175 in taxes. Now consider, at the decision point in
- December
- 1985, what the net present value of each tax payment stream is. For
- investor A,
-
- 0 + -525 x (1 / 1.1 ^ 6) = -296
-
- For investor B,
-
- -230 x 1 + -175 x (1 / 1.1 ^ 6) = -329
-
- So, in NPV terms, the value of B's tax payments is greater than the value
- of A's tax payments. And this doesn't include the effect of additional
- commission costs for B, which would increase the difference. It's just
- a hypothetical example, but I think it's probably not atypical. (Check
- the math, I think its correct.)
-
- Maybe many investors don't understand the value of deferring tax payments,
- but their tax advisors certainly do.
-
- - D Foster
-