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- From: booth@hplvec.LVLD.HP.COM (George Booth)
- Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 19:28:32 GMT
- Subject: Information about lights
- Message-ID: <2520051@hplvec.LVLD.HP.COM>
- Organization: Hewlett-Packard Co., Loveland, CO
- Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!sdd.hp.com!hpscit.sc.hp.com!scd.hp.com!hpscdm!hplextra!hpfcso!hplvec!booth
- Newsgroups: sci.aquaria
- Lines: 241
-
- I recently made some intensity and color temperature measurements on a
- bunch of fluorescent and metal halide bulbs and would like to share
- the data with you.
-
- My goal was to determine the relative brightness of various bulbs (to
- check out the claims of the vendors) and to get a feel for the color
- temperature of the bulbs. A secondary goal was to determine the
- effects of age on both color temperature and brightness.
-
- To measure intensity, I used a lux meter offered by Marine
- Invertebrates, Inc. This is advertised in FAMA and costs about $100.
- I'm not sure about its absolute accuracy, but, being digital, its
- resolution is quite good. The instructions claim an accuracy of +/- 5
- lux and it seems very repeatable. I'm also not sure about how color
- temperature affects its accuracy. Its response curve peaks at about
- 600 nm, so there is probably some effect.
-
- To measure color temperature, I rented a Minolta Color Meter II from a
- photographic supply store in Denver. It's primary use is to determine
- the correction filters required to balance a specific film for a
- specifc light source, but it also indicates color temperature in
- degrees Kelvin. I'm not sure of its absolute accuracy (and I did see
- some strange results with metal halide lights), so take the numbers
- with a grain of salt. This is a neat instrument that sells for about
- $700, so I feel that numbers aren't too far off for the fluorescent
- bulbs. Minolta also makes a different meter for "scientific and
- industrial colorimetery", but it's not available for rental locally.
-
- BTW, I tried to call the Minolta Customer Service Department to determine
- the validity of my measurements, but the "representative was busy and
- his voice-mail was full", so I couldn't leave a message.
-
- This posting is the raw data I collected. I have not as yet drawn any
- conclusions aside from obvious things like Penn-Plax Ultra TriLux
- bulbs are brighter than Triton bulbs and they have a color temperature
- closer to sunlight (whether or not that is good, I'm not saying).
-
- Perhaps one of the net light experts could comment on the data.
-
- --------
- George
-
- =====================================================================
-
- Light Fixture Effects
- ---------------------
-
- To determine if the light fixture and ballast affected the temperature
- and intensity, 2 new 40 W Cool White bulbs (2 for $2.49) were tested
- in two fixtures. The readings were taken 8" from the bulbs, centered
- over the middle of the fixture.
-
- An "electronic" shop light ($15.99 at Ace hardware) with a small coil/
- capacitor ballast circuit produced 5000 K and 5500 Lux. This is an
- "energy saving" type fixture. My experience indicates this type of
- fixture is hard on bulbs such as Tritons and shortens their life.
-
- As a side note, the October '92 Consumer Reports tested various types
- of energy saving light bulbs including compact fluorescent bulbs with
- electronic and magnetic ballasts. They found that a large number of
- the bulbs with an electronic ballast had premature failures.
-
- A "standard" Sears shop light with a normal magnetic ballast produced
- 5300 K and 6650 Lux. The same fixture with aluminum foil behind the
- bulbs produced 5300 K and 7900 Lux. Also with this setup, the color
- temperature ranged from 5200 K to 5500 K when the distance from the
- bulb varied from 3" to 24".
-
- I also tried to check the lights in a Coralife metal halide and
- fluorescent fixture to see if an "expensive" ballast and polished
- reflector did anything, but the bulb spacing was very different giving
- readings which could not be meaningfully compared to the first three.
-
- Conclusions:
- 1) Cheap electronic fixtures reduce your light intensity and bulb life.
- 2) Cheap reflective material can increase your light intensity.
-
- Color Temperature (single bulbs)
- --------------------------------
-
- I had hoped to determine color temperature and aging effects of metal
- halide bulbs, but the temperature meter responded very strangely to
- most of the bulbs I tested, giving readings of 9000 K to 14000 K
- depending on the distance from the bulb. One older, 1000 W MH bulb
- read 6200 K, but I don't have much faith in that number. By the way,
- an actinic bulb caused an "overrange" reading (above 40000K).
-
- The local fish store allowed me to check some of the bulbs in the
- store. Most of the bulbs are about 1 year old. I was surprised at
- the temperature range of the 40 W Power-Glo bulbs; possibly caused by
- differing age or fixture differences or just bad quality control - I
- don't know. I believe the higher K temperature indicates more blue,
- which shows up some fish colors better.
-
- 20w Ultra TriLux 5200 K new (in a cheapie hood)
- Phillips UltraLume 5800 K 6 months
- Artic Brite 6000 K 1 year
- Power-Glo 7200 K
- " " 7850 K
- " " 8700 K
- " " 8700 K
- " " 9350 K
- " " 9800 K
-
- A local lighting store has a light bulb comparison center with various
- commercial bulbs. The age of the bulbs was unknown. Unfortunately,
- the store was remodeling and some of the display was not working, so I
- didn't get a chance to try a Chroma 75.
-
- Warm White Delux 3460 K
- Warm White 3630 K
- Regal White 3640 K
- Natural 3900 K
- Spectra 35 3930 K
- Spectra 30 3930 K
- Chroma 50 4600 K
- Cool White 5000 K
- Cool White 5150 K
- Daylight 7500 K
-
- We have quite a few bulbs of various ages on hand. Each was tested in
- the Sears shop light. The second bulb in the fixture was covered with
- a piece of cardbard so it would not affect the readings. The age of
- the the bulb is indicated, if it was known. All readings are 8" from
- the bulb.
-
- Agro Lite 3590 K
- Wide Spectrum 3900 K
- Advantage X 5300 K 5100 K in electronic fixture
- Artic Brite 5850 K new 5900 K in electronic fixture
- " " 5700 K
- Ultra TriLux 6750 K new
- " " 6350 K 6050 K in electronic fixture
- " " 6150 K
- " " 6150 K
- Triton 8150 K new
- " 8400 K new
- " 7550 K 300 hours
- " 7550 K
- " 7350 K 4800 hours
-
-
- Color Temperature (combinations)
- --------------------------------
-
- Combinations of bulbs in use on our various plnated aquariums were
- tested. The average age of the bulbs is about 6 months.
-
- 1 Power-Glo,
- 1 Ultra TriLux 6550K
-
- 1 Triton, from
- 1 GE Wide Spectrum, 6000 K
- 1 Triton, to 6300 K
- 1 Ultra TriLux to 6500 K
-
- 1 Ultra TriLux, from
- 1 Ultra Trilux, 6150 K
- 1 Triton, to 6050 K
- 1 Ultra Lume to 5900 K
-
- 1 Artic Brite,
- 1 Ultra TriLux 6400 K
-
-
- Intensity (single fluorescent bulbs)
- ------------------------------------
-
- From the local fish store (meter was 4" from the bulbs except for the
- metal halide bulb):
-
- 1000 W Metal Halide, 12" from fixture 69,000 Lux
- 2 Power-Glo bulbs, 11,000 Lux
- 1 Power-Glo, 1 Ultra TriLux 8,200 Lux
- 1 Power-Glo, bad fixture 2,400 Lux
-
- From the local lighting store (meter was 4" from the bulbs):
-
- Regal White 3300 Lux
- Chroma 50 3500 Lux
- Warm White 4600 Lux
- Cool White 5000 Lux
-
- Our bulb stock (meter was 8" - twice as far - from the bulb):
-
- Wide Spectrum 2400 Lux
- Artic Brite 3750 Lux new 2780 Lux in electronic fixture
- " " 3200 Lux
- Advantage X 4200 Lux 3370 Lux in electronic fixture
- Triton 3890 Lux new
- " 3820 Lux new
- " 3730 Lux 300 hours
- " 3610 Lux
- " 3300 Lux 4800 hours
- Ultra TriLux 5000 Lux new
- " " 4720 Lux 3520 Lux in electronic fixture
- " " 4580 Lux
- " " 4480 Lux
-
-
- Intensity (single 5500 K metal halide bulbs)
- --------------------------------------------
-
- We have had our dual 175W metal halide fixture in use for over 1 year
- and have tracked the intensity of 3 of the 5 bulbs in use over that
- period. The bulbs are on for 10 hours per day.
-
- Directly below the bulb at the acrylic shield:
-
- Bulb 1: 78,000 90 to 270 days
- 72,000 320 days
- 57,000 360 days
-
- Bulb 2: 126,000 10 minutes
- 110,000 4 hours
- 102,000 2 days
- 94,500 4 days
- 90,000 13 days
- 90,000 21 days
- 86,500 62 days
- 82,000 110 days
- 72,000 285 days
- 60,000 315 days
-
- At the water surface, 13" from the bulb:
-
- Bulb 2: 9,900 Lux 1 year old; replaced at this point
-
- Bulb 3: 19,900 Lux after 2 hours
- 17,600 1 day (12 hours)
- 17,100 2 days (22 hours)
- 16,900 3 days
- 16,400 4 days
- 15,700 6 days
- 15,700 16 days
-
- I was very surprised at the rapid initial drop off of intensity from
- the MH bulbs; I had expected a linear drop for most of the lifetime.
- The data indicates that MH bulbs should be changed once a year if
- you have intensity sensitive applications.
-
-