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- Path: sparky!uunet!olivea!charnel!sifon!thunder.mcrcim.mcgill.edu!mouse
- From: mouse@thunder.mcrcim.mcgill.edu (der Mouse)
- Newsgroups: rec.puzzles
- Subject: Re: Random Points on a Sphere
- Message-ID: <1992Nov23.021531.7700@thunder.mcrcim.mcgill.edu>
- Date: 23 Nov 92 02:15:31 GMT
- References: <1992Nov20.181709.13148@aurora.com> <1992Nov22.020105.27398@hubcap.clemson.edu>
- Organization: McGill Research Centre for Intelligent Machines
- Lines: 45
-
- In article <1992Nov22.020105.27398@hubcap.clemson.edu>, mjfreem@hubcap.clemson.edu (Matthew J. Freeman) writes:
- > isaak@aurora.com (Mark Isaak) writes:
-
- >> Four points are randomly selected from the surface of a sphere.
-
- Without further information, I'll assume the distribution over the
- surface of the sphere is uniform - that is, the expected number of
- points falling inside an area is directly proportional to the area,
- independent of where it is on the sphere.
-
- >> What is the probability that all four lie in the same hemisphere?
-
- > Think of placing 4 points on an otherwise featureless sphere. The
- > first three points will define a hemisphere no matter where they are
- > placed, and the probability that the fourth is in the same hemisphere
- > is 1/2.
-
- No, they will all fall in the same hemisphere[%], but they do not
- *define* a hemisphere. Consider three points clustered near one
- another: provided the fourth point doesn't fall in a small area
- antipodal to the triangle formed by the cluster, all four will still be
- in the same hemisphere.
-
- Given three points, the fourth point will fall so as to put all four
- points in the same hemisphere with probability equal to the fraction of
- the total spherical surface area which lies outside the (spherical)
- triangle formed by the three points. This is because any point which
- is not antipodal to a point inside that triangle will permit a
- hemisphere that includes all four points.
-
- This lies between 1/2 and 1, depending on how closely the first three
- points cluster to one another. So answering the question amounts to
- computing the expected fraction of the sphere's area covered by the
- triangle formed by the first three points. My knowledge of spherical
- geometry is insufficient for this.
-
- [%] Throughout this posting, I am ignoring boundaries. Cases where the
- first three points all fall on the same great circle, or the fourth
- point falls antipodal to a boundary, I dismiss as a set of measure
- zero, not affecting the probability.
-
- der Mouse
-
- mouse@larry.mcrcim.mcgill.edu
-