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- Path: sparky!uunet!noc.near.net!genrad.com!genrad.com!not-for-mail
- From: jpn@maxwell.genrad.com (John P. Nelson)
- Newsgroups: rec.gambling
- Subject: Re: Not the Monty Haul problem
- Date: 20 Nov 1992 17:09:29 -0500
- Organization: GenRad, Inc.
- Lines: 46
- Distribution: rec
- Message-ID: <1ejnmpINN49k@maxwell.genrad.com>
- References: <JEFFT.92Nov20120648@w20-575-81.mit.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: maxwell.genrad.com
-
- >Something that's been bugging me.
-
- I don't think this kind of question is really appropriate here. But
- I couldn't resist answering anyway...
-
- >You're given two envelopes and told that the contents are determined
- >randomly, except that one has twice as much money as the other. You open
- >one envelope and find 1 unit. Now, you're given the opportunity to either
- >take the unit you found, or give it up and take the contents of the other
- >envelope. What do you do?
-
- >Answer 2:
- >Well, the other envelope has either .5 or 2 units. Since there's a 50%
- >chance of each of these, you'll come out with 1.25 units on average as
- >opposed to sticking with the single unit, so you should switch.
- >
- >What's wrong with one (or both) of these answers?
-
- #1 is correct. It doesn't really matter if you switch or not.
-
- I believe that #2 is fallacious because of the way you are using
- "units" to cover a logic flaw. The "unit" is not the same size,
- depending on which envelope you chose first. By assuming that they are
- the same size, you incorrectly weight the expected value of switching.
- In reality, you have an equal chance of either winning an additional
- unit or losing one unit.
-
- The expected outcome of this game is:
-
- (50% * 1 unit) + (50% * 2 units) = 1.5 units
-
- If you switch, the expected outcome is:
-
- 50% * (2 units / 2) + 50% * (1 unit * 2) = 1.5 units.
- ^ ^
- | |
- started with 2, halfed started with 1, doubled.
-
- Answer #2 would be correct if your opponent would double or half the
- amount you have on a random toss of the coin. Then you have
- independent random variables. It would be to your advantage to
- continue this game as long as possible, since each time you flip a
- coin, you multiply the expected value by 1.25.
-
- --
- john nelson (jpn@genrad.com)
-