NetNews Usenet Archive 1992 #27/NN_1992_27.iso/spool/comp/os/linux/16983

Text File | 1992-11-17 | 17.6 KB | 387 lines

Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
Path: sparky!uunet!charon.amdahl.com!pacbell.com!sgiblab!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!wupost!gumby!destroyer!cs.ubc.ca!news.UVic.CA!sanjuan!pmacdona
From: pmacdona@sanjuan (Peter MacDonald)
Subject: SLS update
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Sender: [e-mail]
Nntp-Posting-Host: sanjuan.uvic.ca
Organization: University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, CANADA
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 92 18:21:24 GMT
Lines: 375

Here it is:

Peter
[e-mail]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

        FAQ AND LATEST UPGRADE NOTICE
-----------------------------------------------------------------
The latest upgrade of SLS is now available.  Primarily this is an
upgrade to .98p5, but also fixes a number of configuration and
permission problems as well as replacing a few broken binaries.
TCP/IP is also now compiled in the kernel, by default.
Patch level 5 was chosen because PL 4 needed a pretty large patch
which never became official, to fix a partition swapping bug.
Apparently, PL 5 breaks some binaries.  The only one in SLS that
I have seen a problem with is "sc" the text spreadsheet.  But
since that is an old version that I don't like and want to replace,
I am proceeding.  Also, this will allow others to help locate
any other problem areas.  So, make sure you keep a copy of the
previous kernel.

I also had to add a couple of disks.  Disk "a5" gives the base
distribution a little more room.  And disk "x8" is to take
the "IV" images for "doc" and "idraw".


Here is the excerpt form the HISTORY file:

> 921113: z?fix.taz: Get all the z?fix.taz files: fix more permissions,
>     replace shutdown and put them all in /usr/bin, rm /usr/bin/lilo
>     add real yacc, a man that uses the new fstat, a working xlock,
>     fix the X11 fonts (speedo not compressed, misc and 75dpi are).
>     b2/emacs.taz: New version of emacs for 98p4+ with NR_FILES=255.
>     b2/lilo.taz: the real lilo, version 5.  Look in /usr/src/lilo.
>     b5/man2.taz: section 2 manpages + a new whatis ~300 lines long.
>     x8/*: New IV images idraw and doc. Works, but slow if no 387.
>    a1: New boot disk for 98p5, new sysinstall lets mount /usr, etc.
>    a2: New root disk for 98p5, new /Image with TCP/IP, ps/top/free.
>    b4/lx98p5.taz: Source for kernel.


Note that this version of SLS has a kernel patch, /usr/src/ramvga.cdif,
which, among other things, allows the setting of the default bootup
video-mode, without recompiling, using the "rdev -s" command.  See
the FAQ, or use "rdev -help" for more details.  The source for this
modified rdev.c is included in /usr/src.

There were a number of problems with the SLS 98p1 that are hopefully solved.
One such was the X11 fonts.  The new X server allowed compressed fonts, and
when I initially released it, I just tar/compressed the already compressed
fonts, which caused them to grow by 25-40%.  Yuck.   This meant some of
the 'x' series disks were unnecessarily full.  This was unacceptable for
Softlanding, who distributes SLS and requires reasonable disk usage.
Eventually, I wrote a script which would compress them upon install.
But I ran into troubles.  So now they should be fixed, and you should
note that only the misc and 75dpi fonts should be compressed.  One
consequence of this is that sysinstall now also handles plain .tar files
as well as .taz files.  But a new side effect is the "/users/*.tar not
found" message.  Just ignore it.

Also note that in the interest of preventing ftp storms, the version of
SLS that appears on the internet, is not quite the same as the version
distributed by Softlanding.   Softlanding regularly gets a whole new
version which has the changes integrated.   But the updates to the
Internet version are tailored to minimize the amount that has to
be downloaded to become current.  That is why bugs manage to
creep in on me.  I am not installing and testing the Internet version,
although, functionally, it should be quite close to the Softlanding one.

So, why am I telling you this?  After the next period of stability (few
changes to SLS), I will be uploading the Softlanding version of SLS
to tsx-11.mit.edu.  There will be plenty of warning for all to make
sure that you have synced your SLS to the current one.  After the upload,
some of the file names will have moved or changed disks, and the z?fix.taz
files will be gone.  But you will not need to download this version.  It
is only intended to sync the two, and make administration (read: my life)
a lot easier.


        SLS FAQ
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q: Why do I get "shell-init failed"?
A: chmod a+rx /

Q: Why do I get "can not find fixed font"
A: Look in /usr/lib/X11/fonts.  Do the fonts.dir and fonts.alias = the fonts
   there?

Q: How do I get my C++ program to compile small (ie. without "-static")
A: Use "-nojump", but be aware that it will break when a new shared lib goes in.

Q: Why doesn't makewhatis work?
A: Because the man pages are compressed.

Q: Why do is see "magic match failed" on disk a3?
A: Ignore it it is normal.  Sysinstall has to switch from Minix to Dos disks
   at a3.

Q: Why do I see "no bmap support" when installing disks?
A: Ignore it it is normal.  Dos disks generate this message when mounted.

Q: Why won't the install recognize my disks.
A: Perhaps you have a bad disk, a hardware problem, the download failed or
   something else.  Some versions of DOS don't seem to like linux.  Try
   formatting disks on someone elses DOS.  Really, you are on your own here.
   What I want done, is have the file mounting patches added to a Linux system,
   and then store the Images to SLS, with mountings to also access their
   contents (someday).  Meanwhile. bon chance.

Q: How do I upgrade SLS
A: If from .96, you don't.  You must re-install from scratch.  Otherwise,
   read the HISTORY file and download just the needed files manually.

Q: What version of X11 does SLS use?
A: XFree 1.0.  Version 1.1 had some reports of strange behaviour, so no-go.
   But, it does use shared libs.

Q: Can I install from the Hard drive?
A: Yes.  Even from a Dos HD, but you can't use "doinstall".  It goes like:
   "sysinstall -instsrc /user -instroot /root -all"

Q: How can I set the video-mode automatically when booting?
A: Use "rdev -v /dev/fd0 1" to simulate typing '1', etc. (-1 sets default vga,
   -3 set ask).  Try "rdev -help" for more info.

Q: I have only 2Meg of ram, and don't want TCP/IP in the kernel?
A: copy the boot disk, and then use "rdev -r /dev/fd0 0; rdev /dev/fd0
   /dev/hda2" to use it as your boot disk.  Use the rdev on the HD.

Q: How do I get TCP/IP working?
A: In progress.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

       SLS (SOFTLANDING LINUX SYSTEM)

        INTRODUCTION

Welcome to release .98p5 of SLS (SoftLanding Linux System).  Linux is a
free 386 unix like operating system similar to System V, and developed
by Linus Torvalds, plus a few hundred big hearted programmers on the
Internet.   SLS is NOT just an image dump of some ones Unix system.
Instead it is a distribution whose primary purposes are:

0) provide an initial installation program (for the queasy).
1) utilities compiled to use minimal disk space.
2) provide a reasonably complete/integrated U*ix system.
3) provide a means to install and uninstall packages.
4) permit partial installations for small disk configs.
5) add a menu driven, extensible system administration.
6) take the hassle out of collecting and setting up a system.
7) give non internet users access to Linux.
8) provide a distribution that can be easily updated.

SLS contains 400-500 utilities designed to provide a relatively
complete computer operating system for the sophisticated user. It
includes programs for compression, text processing, communications,
Xwindowing system, program development (Assembler, C, C++, Fortran,
Pascal, Lisp, and Perl),  mail, spreadsheets, and word-processing.  Also
supported  are DOS files, a DOS emulator, SCSI, CDROMs, and TCP/IP. A
387 coprocessor is emulated by the kernel if you don't have one.  Full
source code for the kernel is also provided with SLS.

The development environment includes libraries for unix and Xwindows, a
debugger that does full screen (via emacs) with support for core dumps.
Shared libraries make the most miserly use of RAM and disk space. FAQ and
Manual pages document most of the Linux utilities.  SLS requires at least
9 Meg of disk for the minimal install.  50 Meg or more is required for the
full system (not including TeX or Interviews).  You will need at least 2
Meg of RAM, 4 meg if you want to compile programs, and 8 Meg to run
Xwindows.  Note that sometimes you can get by with less, but usually with
noticeable performance limitations.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

        INSTALLATION

Before you can install Linux on your hard drive, you must partition your
drive, and put a file system on it.  Roughly, this entails:

 - Write protect all disks (do or die).
 - Boot Linux from disk a1, mounting the root disk (disk a2).
 - Create a Linux/Minix partition with "fdisk" on your hard drive and reboot.
 - Make a file system on the partition with "mkfs" (or "mkefs", see below).
 - Use "doinstall /dev/PART": PART is your partition (eg "doinstall /dev/hda2"
   or "doinstall /dev/hda2 /dev/hda3 /usr /dev/hdb1 /usr/spool" if you wish to
   have multiple partitions, with say /usr on a different partition.

Also "doinstall" will execute the script "doinst.sh" if it is found on PART.
The final step will ask you to put a formatted floppy in the drive so the
BOOT DISK can be prepared for you.  Have one ready ahead of time.  When the
installation is complete, and you reboot from this floppy, you will be using
Linux from your hard drive.   Later, you may wish to play with /usr/src/lilo
to boot from your harddrive.  Note that if you have less than 4 Meg of RAM,
you will need to make and activate a 4 Meg swap partition, prior to installation.
For example, using /dev/hda3 for swap: "mkswap /dev/hda3 4096; swapon /dev/hda3"
Before you begin, however, you may wish to type "menu" and browse the
Instructions sub menu.  But make sure you exit "menu" before you start the
install process.  You can also print files from there using "P", or you can
use "cat README > /dev/lp1" or "cat README > /dev/lp2".

Your first task after the base install is done, should be to make backup
copies of all of your disks  (Look in the "User Commands" menu). In fact,
you should make sure all disks are write protected before you start the
installation.  After the install, you can log on as "root".  Later, you may
install interviews with: "sysinstall -series i" Note, although you can use
the Extended FS type, it is not recommended (read as not tested), and is
subject to change.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

        EXAMPLE PARTITIONING PROCEDURE

... Put disk a1 in drive A: and reboot computer, then put disk a2 in the
... floppy drive you will be doing the install from (usually A: as well).

/# fdisk

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (500-977): 500
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (500-977): 977

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 81

Command (m for help): v
Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/hda: 5 heads, 17 sectors, 977 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 85 * 512 bytes

   Device Boot  Begin   Start     End  Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hda1           1       1     499   20000    4  DOS
/dev/hda2           1       1       7   30000   81  Linux/MINIX

Command (m for help): w
reboot now before doing anything else
/#
...<after the reboot>
/# mkfs /dev/hda2 30000
/# doinstall /dev/hda2
... Follow prompts, and insert disks as requested, then login as root.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

        ADDITIONAL SLS INFORMATION

A menu interface allows the user to see what commands would be executed if
an option was selected.  Unix newbies who use SLS don't have to always stay
newbies. SLS is a binary mostly distribution (except for the kernel), and is
broken into multiple parts, or series, each of which is denoted by a letter
followed by the disk number as follows:

    a1-aN: The minimal base system
    b1-bN: Base system extras, like man pages, emacs etc.
    c1-cN: The compiler(s), gcc/g++/p2c/f2c
    x1-xN: The X-windows distribution
    i1-iN: Interviews (doc and idraw)
    t1-tN: TeX (document processing)

This scheme allows new disks to be added to the distribution without
changing the disk numbering.  Also, the sysinstall program doesn't have to
be changed when new disks are added as the last disk is marked by the
presence of the file "install.end".  And when interviews is added, say as
a new series "i", it can be installed with:

    sysinstall -series i

Highlights of the base are:  gcc/g++, emacs, kermit, elm/mail/uucp, gdb, sc
(spreadsheet), man pages, groff, elvis, zip/zoo/lh and menu.  Highlights of
X are: X, programmers libs, 75 dpi fonts, games (spider, tetris, xvier,
chess, othello, xeyes, etc) and utilities like xmag, xmenu, xcolormap and
ghostscript.  Approximate usage is as follows:

Tiny base system:        9 Meg  (Series 'a')
Main base system:       25 Meg  (Series 'a', 'b' and 'c')
Main base system + X11: 45 Meg  (Series 'a', 'b', 'c' and 'x')
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

        LINUX SPECIFIC INFORMATION

Linux supports multiple VC's (virtual consoles).  You can switch from one
to the other using the "LEFT-ALT-FN" keys.  The right ALT key will not work.
The console in linux more or less emulates a VT100.  So you can usually
just use kermit to do your remote logins (even while doing the install :-).
If you have a color monitor, you can even use color using the "setterm"
utility, or just execute the "/etc/startcons" script to have all VC's set
to default values.  If your screen gets garbled, you can use "reset".
Up arrow recalls previous commands.   Use the "man" command to read the
Linux manual pages, and the "man -k X" to list commands with the keyword
"X" in the command description.  The system editor is "vi" but you might
find "joe" easier to learn.

Never just power off your Linux system.  Instead type "sync", wait a sec,
then powerdown or reboot.   If your disk gets in trouble (or every
couple of weeks anyways) you may wish to run "fsck -av PART" where PART
is your partition, to try to fix any problems.

Dos files can be accessed in one of two ways.  The first uses the mtools
commands (mdir, mcopy, mtype, ...).  The file "/etc/mtools" may need
some tweeking, especially if you use mformat.  The second method is to
mount the dos disk/partition onto a directory.  eg:

    mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /user

Swapping can be set up of size SIZE, to a partition or to a file using:

    mkswap file SIZE
    swapon file

Linux can be booted without the floppy using /usr/src/lilo.  Important
directories include:

"/etc"        - System configuration information
"/usr/src"    - Miscellaneous packages.
"/usr/X386/*"    - Xwindows stuff
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

        CONFIGURING X-WINDOWS

Getting X-windows to run on your PC can sometimes be a bit of a sobering
experience, mostly because there are so many types of video cards for the PC.
Linux X11 supports only VGA type video cards, but there are so many types of
VGA's that only certain ones are fully supported.  SLS comes with two Xwindows
servers.  The full color one, X386, supports some or all ET300, ET400, PVGA1,
GVGA, Trident, and ATI plus.  Others may or may not work.

The other server, X386mono, should work with virtually any VGA card, but only
in monochrome mode.  Accordingly, it also uses less memory, and should be
faster than the color one.  But of course it doesn't look as nice.

The bulk of the Xwindows configuration information is stored in the directory
"/usr/X386/lib/X11/".  In particular, the file "Xconfig" defines the timings
for the monitor and the video card.  Setting up the monochrome server is pretty
straightforward.

    cd /usr/X386/bin/
    mv -i X386 X386color        # don't overwrite old one
    mv X386mono X386
    cd /usr/X386/lib/X11/
    mv -i Xconfig Xconfig.color    # don't overwrite old one
    mv Xconfig.mono Xconfig

Now you just have to edit Xconfig to set the mouse device and type "startx".
Setting up the color server is similar, except that usually, you need to
figure out the clock timings to put in Xconfig.  README.modegen explains
how you can use the spreadsheet to figure out your clock timings based upon
your monitor specifications.  More information can be found in the directory
/usr/X386/lib/X11.  But be prepared to fiddle.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

        AVAILABILITY

SLS is available from the address below for a $3.25/disk US ($4.00/disk
Canadian) copying charge.  Add $1.00/disk for 3 1/2" disks, and $10.00 for
shipping and handling.  Mail payment, either cheque or money order,
in advance, to Softlanding.  Because people keep asking about prices,
Softlanding has provided this commonly ordered configurations price sheet:

NAME #DISKS  SERIES          5 1/4 DISKS               3 1/2 DISKS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TINY  4      a            US $23.00 (CDN $26.00)     US $27.00 (CDN $30.00)
BASE  13     a,b,c        US $52.25 (CDN $62.00)     US $65.25 (CDN $75.00)
MAIN  21     a,b,c,x,i    US $78.25 (CDN $94.00)     US $99.25 (CDN $115.00)
FULL  26     a,b,c,x,i,t  US $95.50 (CDN $114.00)    US $120.50 (CDN $140.00)

    Softlanding Software
    910 Lodge Ave.
    Victoria, B.C., Canada
    V8X-3A8
    [phone]

See Softlanding for a gentle touch down from a DOS bailout.