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- Newsgroups: comp.music
- Path: sparky!uunet!wri!dragonfly.wri.com!arunc
- From: arunc@dragonfly.wri.com (Arun Chandra)
- Subject: Re: What is mulaw format?
- Message-ID: <1992Nov17.212016.17569@wri.com>
- Keywords: audio format files
- Sender: news@wri.com
- Nntp-Posting-Host: dragonfly.wri.com
- Organization: Wolfram Research, Inc.
- References: <1221@zogwarg.etl.army.mil> <pwilson.721604483@charm.gandalf.ca> <1230@zogwarg.etl.army.mil>
- Distribution: na
- Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1992 21:20:16 GMT
- Lines: 52
-
- In article <1230@zogwarg.etl.army.mil> mike@zogwarg.etl.army.mil (Mike McDonnell) writes:
- >
- >Okay, I knew mu-law and a-law were logarithmic, but I still don't know
- >what they >>ARE<<. I would like precise engineering definitions, not
- >generalities. In particular, enough information to be able to write
- >my own encoders and decoders. A reference would do.
-
- here's the answer given in comp.dsp.faq:
-
- -------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- Q2.6: What is mu-law encoding? Where can I get source for it?
-
- Mu-law (also "u-law") encoding is a form of logarithmic quantization or
- companding. It's based on the observation that many signals are
- statistically more likely to be near a low signal level than a high
- signal level. Therefore, it makes more sense to have more quantization
- points near a low level than a high level. In a typical mu-law system,
- linear samples of 14 to 16 bits are companded to 8 bits. Most
- telephone quality codecs (including the Sparcstation's audio codec) use
- mu-law encoded samples.
-
- Desktop Sparc machines come with routines to convert between linear and
- mu-law samples. On a desktop Sparc, see the man page for
- audio_ulaw2linear in /usr/demo/SOUND/man.
-
- Craig Reese posted the source of similar routines to comp.dsp in August '92.
-
- References:
-
- CCITT Recommendation G.711 (very difficult to follow).
-
- Michael Villeret, et. al, "A New Digital Technique for Implementation
- of Any Continuous PCM Companding Law,", IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications,
- 1973, vol. 1, pp. 11.12-11.17.
-
- MIL-STD-188-113, "Interoperability and Performance Standards
- for Analog-to-Digital Conversion Techniques," 17 February 1987.
-
- "TI Digital Signal Processing Applications with the TMS320 Family",
- pp. 169-198.
-
- [From Joe Campbell; Craig Reese, cfreese@super.org; Sepehr Mehrabanzad,
- sepehr@falstaff.dev.cdx.mot.com]
-
-
-
-
- --
- Arun Chandra
- arunc@wri.com
-