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- From: payne@crl.dec.com (Andrew Payne)
- Subject: Re: DEC Alpha architecture issues
- Message-ID: <1992Nov20.183610.12796@crl.dec.com>
- Sender: news@crl.dec.com (USENET News System)
- Organization: DEC Cambridge Research Lab
- References: <1992Nov19.204209.6619@nntpd.lkg.dec.com> <DOCONNOR.92Nov20095251@potato.sedona.intel.com>
- Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 18:36:10 GMT
- Lines: 39
-
- In article <DOCONNOR.92Nov20095251@potato.sedona.intel.com> doconnor@sedona.intel.com (Dennis O'Connor) writes:
- >
- >dipirro@star.dec.com (Steve DiPirro) writes:
- >] ... PALcode "instructions" actually appear as single instructions
- >] in the Istream which is handy for debuggers, etc. PALcode runs
- >] with interrupts disabled, Istream memory management traps disabled,
- >] and complete control over machine state.
- >
- >Sounds like a microcoded instruction to me. Except, of course, that
- >there's no guarantee of what PALcodes are available on a particular
- >system, and that the microcode may be external to the chip.
-
- No, it's not really microcode at all.
-
- When the processor is running in PAL mode (as a result of executing a
- call PAL opcode or taking an exception) the processor is fetching and
- executing instructions as usual, but:
-
- 1. The I-stream is _physically mapped_ (otherwise, you can't do ITB
- manipulations)
-
- 2. You can access the five implementation specific opcodes (that cause a
- reserved opcode exception if executed in non-PAL mode)
-
- 3. Interrupts are disabled (so you can do atomic operations)
-
- Otherwise, when running in PAL mode, it is business as usual: you can use
- all of the Alpha instructions. PALcode is just code written to run in
- PAL mode (i.e. it uses the five special opcodes to manipulate the machine
- state).
-
- PALcode isn't necessarily stored in any special place: it's fetched into
- the processor for execution in the same manner that all other code is
- fetched (it gets cached in the I-cache, etc). Most systems load PALcode
- into main memory from ROM, disk, or network, just like you would load
- boot code.
- --
- Andrew C. Payne
- DEC Cambridge Research Lab
-