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- Newsgroups: comp.arch
- Path: sparky!uunet!gatech!concert!decwrl!adobe!usenet
- From: zstern@adobe.com (Zalman Stern)
- Subject: Re: DEC Alpha architecture issues
- Message-ID: <1992Nov20.092635.9857@adobe.com>
- Sender: usenet@adobe.com (USENET NEWS)
- Organization: Adobe Systems Incorporated
- References: <1992Nov19.204209.6619@nntpd.lkg.dec.com>
- Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 09:26:35 GMT
- Lines: 46
-
- In article <1992Nov19.204209.6619@nntpd.lkg.dec.com> dipirro@star.dec.com
- (Steve DiPirro) writes:
- >
- > In article <lgnfc3INNqnt@spim.mti.sgi.com>, woodacre@mips.com (Michael
- Woodacre) writes...
- > >In article <1992Nov18.210416.27212@nntpd.lkg.dec.com>,
- > .. . .
- > >Can you explain how this is different from kernel code with interrupts
- > >disabled on any other risc processor? For instance, an R4000 can
- > >implement uniprocessor-atomic "instructions" which are sequences of
- > >MIPS instructions to implement complex functions by running code
- > >in kernel level with interrupts switched off.
- >
- > There are certainly similarities. PALcode "instructions" actually appear
- > as single instructions in the Istream which is handy for debuggers, etc.
- > PALcode runs with interrupts disabled, Istream memory management traps
- > disabled, and complete control over machine state. The environment allows
- > more flexibility and more possibilities than merely running in the
- "standard"
- > environment with interrupts disabled.
-
- This is true of trap/syscall instructions on the R3000, R4000, and R6000 as
- well. You will need properly written exception handlers to get all the
- benefits, but PALcode has to obey many constraints as well. I'm going to
- have to look at the details, but MIPS syscall may in fact conform to the
- PALcode architecture. I can't find where the Alpha arch. defines any
- functions which must be available only in PALmode.
-
- If you really want an extra "privillege" level for "more flexibility and
- possibilities" (whatever those may be), you can add one without touching a
- single byte of user code. (the Alpha PALcall instruction looks almost
- exactly like the MIPS syscall instruction to an application.) If I
- understood Joel Boney's SPARC version 9 talk, they have something simillar
- to PAL mode in their privelleged architecture. Supposedly for reliability
- purposes more than anything else.
-
- Like I said before, PALmode is more about usage than mechanism. (And it has
- to be on Alpha given that most of the mechanism is implementation specific.)
-
- (I use the MIPS architecture above because it is the one I am most familliar
- with. You may be able to substitute your favorite arch. without loss of
- generality :-))
- --
- Zalman Stern zalman@adobe.com (415) 962 3824
- Adobe Systems, 1585 Charleston Rd., POB 7900, Mountain View, CA 94039-7900
- "Yeah. Ask 'em if they'll upgrade my shifters too." Bill Watterson
-