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- Path: sparky!uunet!think.com!ames!sgi!mips!mips.com!woodacre
- From: woodacre@mips.com (Michael Woodacre)
- Newsgroups: comp.arch
- Subject: Re: DEC Alpha architecture issues
- Followup-To: comp.arch
- Date: 19 Nov 1992 16:14:59 GMT
- Organization: Mips Technologies, Inc.
- Lines: 53
- Distribution: world
- Message-ID: <lgnfc3INNqnt@spim.mti.sgi.com>
- References: <1992Nov18.210416.27212@nntpd.lkg.dec.com>
- Reply-To: woodacre@mips.com (Michael Woodacre)
- NNTP-Posting-Host: krell.mti.sgi.com
-
- In article <1992Nov18.210416.27212@nntpd.lkg.dec.com>,
- dipirro@star.dec.com (Steve DiPirro) writes:
- >
- > In article <1992Nov18.112407.2518@doug.cae.wisc.edu>,
- keiths@cae.wisc.edu (Keith Scidmore) writes...
- > >2. The Alpha architecture also includes a feature they call PALcode that
- > > allows the chip to have a sort of rom-bios. Why is it useful to have
- > > this feature? Supposedly Operating systems can make use of this for
- > > the implementation of certain system calls.
- >
- > PALcode allows for the implementation of uniprocessor-atomic
- > "instructions" which are actually a sequence of Alpha instructions.
- > It allows the architecture to remain pure RISC and not compromise
- > performance to implement some complex instructions. This was very
- > useful in the port of VMS to Alpha.
-
- Can you explain how this is different from kernel code with interrupts
- disabled on any other risc processor? For instance, an R4000 can
- implement uniprocessor-atomic "instructions" which are sequences of
- MIPS instructions to implement complex functions by running code
- in kernel level with interrupts switched off.
-
- >
- > Take the VAX REI instruction as an example. This is a very complex
- > VAX instruction and is implemented in PALcode on Alpha (for VMS).
- > So there is no need to burden the base architecture with the
- > implementation of an REI instruction. Instead, you have a "subroutine"
- > of sorts which executes in the special PALcode environment.
- >
- > Very few PALcode instructions were actually needed to port VMS to
- > Alpha, but some we could not do without (without considerable work,
- > that is).
- >
- > PALcode is also a convenient place to handle device interrupts and
- > exceptions and provide the expected OS interfaces at that level.
- > Specific OS knowledge can also be built into PALcode, such as pagetable
- > formats, etc. allowing such things as TB invalidates to be handled
- > by PALcode. For VMS, PALcode also handles unaligned data reference
- > fixups, providing an optional exception through the SCB when one occurs.
- >
- > ------------
- > Steve DiPirro dipirro@star.dec.com
- > --or-- ...!decwrl!star.dec.com!dipirro
- > --or-- dipirro%star.dec@decwrl.dec.com
- > ------------
-
- Michael S. Woodacre | Phone: (415) 390 4175
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