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- From: dipirro@star.dec.com (Steve DiPirro)
- Subject: Re: DEC Alpha architecture issues
- Message-ID: <1992Nov18.210416.27212@nntpd.lkg.dec.com>
- Sender: usenet@nntpd.lkg.dec.com (USENET News System)
- Organization: Digital Equipment Corporation
- Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 20:55:44 GMT
- Lines: 35
-
-
- In article <1992Nov18.112407.2518@doug.cae.wisc.edu>, keiths@cae.wisc.edu (Keith Scidmore) writes...
- >2. The Alpha architecture also includes a feature they call PALcode that
- > allows the chip to have a sort of rom-bios. Why is it useful to have
- > this feature? Supposedly Operating systems can make use of this for
- > the implementation of certain system calls.
-
- PALcode allows for the implementation of uniprocessor-atomic
- "instructions" which are actually a sequence of Alpha instructions.
- It allows the architecture to remain pure RISC and not compromise
- performance to implement some complex instructions. This was very
- useful in the port of VMS to Alpha.
-
- Take the VAX REI instruction as an example. This is a very complex
- VAX instruction and is implemented in PALcode on Alpha (for VMS).
- So there is no need to burden the base architecture with the
- implementation of an REI instruction. Instead, you have a "subroutine"
- of sorts which executes in the special PALcode environment.
-
- Very few PALcode instructions were actually needed to port VMS to
- Alpha, but some we could not do without (without considerable work,
- that is).
-
- PALcode is also a convenient place to handle device interrupts and
- exceptions and provide the expected OS interfaces at that level.
- Specific OS knowledge can also be built into PALcode, such as pagetable
- formats, etc. allowing such things as TB invalidates to be handled
- by PALcode. For VMS, PALcode also handles unaligned data reference
- fixups, providing an optional exception through the SCB when one occurs.
-
- ------------
- Steve DiPirro dipirro@star.dec.com
- --or-- ...!decwrl!star.dec.com!dipirro
- --or-- dipirro%star.dec@decwrl.dec.com
- ------------
-