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- Path: sparky!uunet!paladin.american.edu!darwin.sura.net!wupost!uwm.edu!biosci!BAMBI.CCS.FAU.EDU!tomh
- From: tomh@BAMBI.CCS.FAU.EDU (Tom Holroyd)
- Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience
- Subject: Re: Cognition
- Message-ID: <9211201627.AA05351@bambi.ccs.fau.edu>
- Date: 20 Nov 92 16:27:26 GMT
- Sender: daemon@net.bio.net
- Distribution: bionet
- Lines: 79
-
- Nice post, but I have some comments...
-
- >From: erwin@trwacs.fp.trw.com (Harry Erwin)
- >...
- >Stimulus invariance is associated with semantic invariance, but _not_ with
- >syntactic invariance (at the level of the olfactory nucleus). The _same_
- >pattern in the nucleus _means_ different things from month to month. I've
- >speculated that the cortex downloads a "semantic" model to the olfactory
- >nucleus, the nucleus then monitors the stimulus using the model, reporting
- >minor novelties (discrepancies between the model and the stimulus) and
- >major novelties (unmatchable stimulus patterns) to the cortex (in a
- >distributed manner).
-
- I have a problem with the term "downloads". Does this mean that the
- cortex flips a switch in the olfactory nucleus and then dumps a semantic
- model into it? What is the switch? What causes it? What does the model
- look like? How is it transmitted to the nucleus? How is the model
- created in the cortex? How is it stored in the nucleus? How long does
- the transfer take and what's the baud rate? :-)
-
- ***
- Kidding aside, the concept of a "model" as an entity that can be transported
- around the brain leads to all sorts of problems. Homunculii, question
- begging, etc. The brain does not have a von Neumann architecture.
- ***
-
- The discussion of the chaotic dynamics of the olfactory system was wonderful!
- For example, you say:
-
- >Since they operate in a state space with hyperbolic fixed points, it's easy
- >to perturb them slightly and send them whereever you want. ...
- >you can perturb them as they approach a hyperbolic fixed point and send
- >them anywhere on their manifold. The energy needed to control a chaotic
- >process is many orders of magnitude less than the energy needed to control
- >a process that has a fixed point or stable limit cycle.
-
- This is a great picture, and shows that the system's behavior can be altered
- by small, subtle changes in the interactions of the nucleus with its
- environment.
-
- So we have a picture of a complex dynamical system being driven by
- patterned inputs and interactions with other cortical regions. Then you
- go and download a model into it, as if it were a RAM chip. :-) It seems much
- clearer to me to continue with the dynamical reasoning: slow parametric
- changes in the olfactory nucleus alter the attractor layout - these are
- internal to the nucleus itself (like changes in synaptic strength).
- The changes can be both 'autonomous' structural changes in the nucleus
- itself, or as a result of coordinated pattern changes between the nucleus
- and the cortical regions it communicates with.
-
- Remember that the olfactory system has to cope with many problems during
- development and over the course of evolution. It is not known a priori
- which scents will be meaningful. It is not known a priori what the detailed
- structure of the olfactory system will be. Also, the sensitivity of the
- system requires that it be unstable in the sense of the quote above. I
- suggest that variation and selection are necessary properties for such a
- pattern recognition system to be able to adapt to the "blooming, buzzing,
- confusion".
-
- The patterns resulting from the interactions are stabilized (selected) by
- the higher cortical structures as a result of behavioral information which
- supplies the semantics for the patterns. Changes in the patterns resulting
- from growth, receptor damage, synaptic change, etc. result in new activity
- patterns in the olfactory cortex, which, being an equally sensitive system,
- uses the new patterns and the recent behavioral information to stabilize
- the new pattern. The variability seen in the nucleus/cortex system enables
- it to act as an adaptive filter, isolating the rest of the brain from the
- irrelevant details.
-
- In summary, I think it makes more sense to think in terms of the coordinated
- patterns of the whole system rather than isolating subsystems which send
- "models" back and forth.
-
- Tom Holroyd
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
- tomh@bambi.ccs.fau.edu
-
-
-