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- PC-Hypertext and NoteCard "look-alike" programs
- ===============================================
-
- If the current copyright concept of "look and feel" had existed a decade ago,
- most of today's hypertext systems (with the exception of PC-Hypertext) simply
- wouldn't exist. Some 20 mainframe implementations of hypertext, as well as
- those that run on personal computers (HYPERCARD and GUIDE) bear an almost
- copycat resemblance to the NOTECARDS hypertext system developed by Xerox
- <FILE74 HYPERTEXT>.
-
- For example, the current formats in keyword selection, icons, and border
- treatment to frame-layering and displaying graphic networks first existed
- in NOTECARDS.
-
- The obvious question ...Why did most firms choose NOTECARDS as their model
- of hypertext? Was it the best format, failure of imagination by
- developers, or what I simply call Xerox envy? Let's consider each.
-
- IS IT THE BEST The strengths of NOTECARD-like hypertext are found in
- FORMAT? the integration of buttons and graphics. But the problems
- are obvious -- time-delays in use, construction
- difficulties, explosive disk storage, and weaknesses in
- communicating knowledge.
-
- Knowledge is only I think this last problem is fundamental. Unstructured
- information with information (spaghetti hypertext) is a disservice to
- structure users because it fails to deliver knowledge, which is
- simply information with structure.
-
- NO IMAGINATION If the defects in NOTECARDS are obvious, then why have
- so few of the subsequent firms incorporated
- improvements? Where are the equivalent hierarchy linkers
- such as MaxThink, network linkers such as HOUDINI, or
- utilities similar to ours that split, cross-reference,
- cross-footnote, and validate information structures?
- See <FILE64> for descriptions of such software.
-
- Where are the For example, we have built several multi-megabyte
- hypertext hypertext systems involving many thousands of files and
- construction links. The tools listed above are essential. Yet, we
- tools? see no mention of similar products produced by other
- firms <FILE34 TOOLS>. As a result, one might conclude
- that most NOTECARD emulations are just that -- copies of
- an interesting concept that already exists, but weak on
- implementation.
-
- XEROX SUCCESSES Consider this. Some people believe that while there is
- no end to ideas from Xerox, the firm consistently fails
- to implement most of their good ideas.
-
- Did Xerox invent As proof, some people suggest that Xerox invented the
- the MAC? Sun and Macintosh computer (Star), the mouse, photocopy
- machines, workstations, and network communications.
- Other firms seem more successful in translating Xerox's
- innovations to successful markets.
-
- Notecard Given that belief, some firms seemed to have taken the
- emulations? next step in their almost duplicate implementations of
- NOTECARDS. Their products are not hypertext, but
- NOTECARD emulations -- including all of its strengths and
- weaknesses.
-
- From my viewpoint, Xerox's NOTECARDS is only one vision of hypertext;
- PC-Hypertext is another. However, the best hypertext format is ultimately
- determined by the information needs and the hardware/software technology
- available to the user. See <FILE53 TALENTS NEEDED>.
-
- Whether you use a Macintosh, PC, VAX, Sun, or Unix system, strong differences
- still exist between NOTECARD and PC-Hypertext visions of hypertext.
-
- While both are hypertext, I see the most important differences as not our
- emphasis on ASCII formats, but our emphasis on structuring information (i.e.,
- structured hypertext) and the utilities used to do that. See <FILE28 STRUCTURED
- HYPERTEXT>.
-
- Neil Larson 1/16/88 FILE24
- 44 Rincon Rd., Kensington, CA 94707
- Copyright MaxThink 1988 -- Call 415-428-0104 for permission to reprint
-