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- AppNotes.Txt
- ============
-
- In this file you can find teh following information:
-
- 1) Word 6.0/7.0 versus Template Problems
- 2) Word 6.0/7.0 - Word 8.0
- 3) AllFiles versus AllExec
- 4) De EZ-DRIVE driver
- 5) DOS Append
-
-
- 1) Word 6.0/7.0 versus Template Problems
- ========================================
-
- One of the effects of an infection with WordMacro viruses under Word 6.0 or
- 7.0(a) is that documents only can be stored as templates. The reason is
- quite simple: only templates can become infected and therefore any document,
- which has been infected, will be changed to a template by the virus.
- Otherwise, the virus would never be executed. The distinction of a WordObject
- being a template or document is just one bit.
- Nevertheless, this bit is the cause of all the problems.
-
- What actually happens when you disinfect an infected Word 6.0 or Word 7.0(a)
- file? The macros disappear. So far, so good. The problem is what to do with
- the Template bit. Just resetting it will not do. Original templates will turn
- into a document and all template data (customizations, toolbars, usermacros,
- stylesheets, etc) will be lost.
-
- The database used by TbScan has been updated where possible to take care of
- this problem. For about 50 percent of the viruses, the difference between an
- infected document and an infected template can be spotted on the actual
- infection. When we encounter an infection where this is possible, we will
- reset the Template Bit if the infection was on a document (local infection),
- and if the infection was on a template (global infection), we will not touch
- the Template Bit.
-
- There is also the possibility that we can not see the difference.
- In those cases, we apply the following rule: if the extension of the file is
- .DOC (default document extension), we will reset the Template Bit, otherwise
- we will not touch it.
-
-
- 2) Word 6.0/7.0 versus Word 8.0
- ===============================
-
- Many users are starting to use Word 8.0 now and our support people are
- getting the same question repeatedly: 'We had an infected Word 6.0 or Word
- 7.0(a) document which we disinfected with TbScan. When we load this document
- in Word 8.0, it claims that there are macros inside the document, which will
- be executed when the document is opened. Did we or didn't we disinfect the
- document?'
-
- To really understand this issue, let's explain a bit about the differences
- between Word 6.0 and Word 7.0(a) on the one hand and about Word 8.0 on the
- other.
-
- Word 6.0 and Word 7.0(a) make use of the macrolanguage WordBasic.
- Word 8.0 is using VBA5 (Visual Basic for Applications Version 5.0) and is
- much more powerful than WordBasic, and not downwards compatible with WordBasic.
-
- To insure maintenance for the users who have built their macros in Word 6.0
- or Word 7.0(a), Microsoft has built in a WordBasic to VBA5 translator.
- It is a one-way translator and functionality of the macros after translation
- is not guaranteed.
-
- When a user loads a Word 6.0 or Word 7.0(a) document in Word 8.0, Word 8.0
- will automatically translate the previous Word format into the new Word
- format. However, if it detects the presence of macros, Microsoft's anti-virus
- techniques jump in and Word 8.0 will present a box which informs the user
- the document has macro's and asks the user if the macro's should be skipped.
-
- We realize that the presence of this box may raise a few questions.
- TbScan did remove the macros from your infected document. Nevertheless, Word
- 8.0 does not know this. How is this possible?
- Our research team has discovered, after some research, that Word 8.0 is
- 'not that smart' handling older types of documents. When it opens a Word 6.0
- or Word 7.0(a) document, it will look at the area where the Macro Table is
- stored. In addition, when there are macros listed in that section, it will
- present the box above. Microsoft does not check whether the file is a template
- or not and does not check if the macros 'present' are deleted or not.
-
- To prevent this box from popping up, we have added some functionality to the
- scanner when cleaning and erasing macros. In cases where, after cleaning a
- document, no further macros are present and no other Template Data are
- present, we will remove the Macro Table from the document.
- The user will not be bothered again by Word 8.0 when the user loads a
- previously infected Word 6.0 or Word 7.0(a) document.
-
-
- 3) AllFiles versus AllExec
- ==========================
-
- Release 8.03 of TbScan will have two 'at first glance' similar switches:
- AllExec (AE) and AllFiles (AF). There is an important difference between the
- two switches though. With the appearance of macro viruses everybody has
- started to scan using the old AllFiles switch because documents and templates
- can have any extension. The scan process slowed down and scan times increased.
-
- TbScan is known, among other items, for its speed. The old AllFiles switch
- really was time consuming as All Files were scanned against All Viruses. Thus,
- any non-executable extension was scanned not only for macro viruses, the
- intention of the user, but also for all binary viruses. At that time the old
- AllFiles switch was appointed another function: Scan All Files for All Macro
- Viruses. Exactly what the users wanted and no redundant overhead in time.
-
- In version 8.03, the functionality Scan All Files for All Viruses was
- reinstated and has been put behind the command line switch AllExec (AE).
-
- By default, all executable files and OLE2 files (Word/Excel) are scanned.
-
- Additional option: When To Use What Switch?
-
- - To scan all files for macro viruses, use the AllFiles (AF) switch. In the
- Windows versions, this is the 'non executable scan', which can be found in
- "Options"
- - To scan all files for all viruses (macro and binary), use the AllExec
- Switch, which is called 'scan all (non-executable) files as executables'
- in "Advanced Options"
-
- We expect the AllFiles switch to be used most frequently, since macro viruses
- have become increasingly important. As the spread of macro viruses grows each
- day, we offer updates on macro virus detection at least once a week on our
- web-site (http://www.norman.nl) and ftp-site (ftp://ftp.norman.nl) with the
- file TbScan.Def to ensure the most secure solution possible. But remember:
- even when you have updated your product with the latest definition file, there
- are at least a dozen macro viruses out there which nobody has seen yet and
- which are thus undetected.
-
-
- 4) EZ-DRIVE
- ===========
-
- Problem:
- I have an enhanced IDE disk of 1 Gigabyte and I have created
- one large partition on it. Afterwards my system got infected and
- now I am unable to clean it.
- Explanation:
- The ROM BIOS is unable to support large disks. Most enhanced
- IDE disks are able to act as two different drives, working
- around the ROM limitations. However, if you create just ONE
- but very large partition, this workaround can not be used
- anymore. Instead, EZ-DRIVE puts a special resident program on
- the first track of your disk. It takes care of the BIOS
- translations necessary to access the disk. Since the first
- track of a disk is supposed to contain the partition table and
- master boot record, it features some stealth capabilities, by
- hiding itself and acting as if these sectors are there.
- Actually, it works exactly the same as some advanced bootsector
- viruses. Now, supposed you get infected by a bootsector virus.
- Several things may happen:
-
- 1) A multipartite virus got active after the EZ-DRIVE driver was
- executed. The virus made a copy of the master boot record (this
- is what it sees since EZ-DRIVE is active and hides itself). Now,
- if the system boots, the virus becomes resident and tries to
- execute the original master boot record. It should however
- execute the EZ-DRIVE driver, but doesn't know that. The system
- now tries to boot without the necessary BIOS translations and
- becomes inaccessable.
- 2) The virus executes after booting from a diskette and makes
- correctly a copy of the EZ-DRIVE driver, and puts itself in the
- space behind the master boot record, which is usually not used.
- EZ-DRIVE however uses this space, but now it is overwritten.
- When the system boots, EZ-DRIVE will be loaded by the virus, but
- is partly overwritten and doesn't work anymore.
- 3) The virus contains its own bootsector loader. The virus
- interprets the EZ-DRIVE driver as a partition table, and tries
- to boot from the bootsector pointed by by the assumed partition
- table. A system crash will be the result.
-
- An anti-virus system even makes things worse. Depending on the
- anti-virus product, the virus, and the EZ-DRIVE version, it may
- see one of the following sectors when it tries to read the
- partition sector:
- 1) The original master boot record.
- 2) The EZ-DRIVE driver.
- 3) The virus.
- Things will usually work OK when you scan the system for viruses,
- but a problem will occur if you try to repair an infected system.
-
- Workaround:
- Boot from a clean diskette. Do NOT use the EZ-DRIVE feature to
- load the EZ-DRIVE driver before booting from the diskette. Put the
- diskette into the drive and close the drive before switching on
- the machine. Now use TbUtil to make a safety backup of your
- partition table.
-
- An even better approach is to divide the drive into two (or more)
- partitions and not use the EZ-DRIVE large partition feature.
- This gives you additional benefits like a faster disk response,
- less slack space (because of the smaller cluster sizes), and the
- ability to separate the code from the data files, making maintenance
- and disaster recovery much easier.
-
-
- MEMORY OPTIMIZERS
- Problem:
- Some memory optimizers, like MemMax, MemMaker and Optimize, will
- not work properly if used in combination with the resident TBAV
- utilities. The resident TBAV utilities can act as device drivers
- as well as normal executables, depending on the way they are
- loaded, and this confuses some memory optimizers. The TBAV
- utilities also hook themselves into DOS for better virus
- protection, and they can not be moved in memory once loaded. Any
- attempt to do so will hang the machine.
- Workaround:
- Remove the TBAV utilities from the AutoExec.Bat file and/or
- Config.Sys file and run the memory optimizer. Add the TBAV
- utilities again to the AutoExec.Bat and Config.Sys file, and
- highload them if desired.
-
-
- 5) DOS APPEND
- =============
-
- Problem:
- The /X switch of the DOS APPEND command is very dangerous: if
- you APPEND a directory with /X and then delete *.BAK when no
- such files exist in the current directory, then the .BAK files
- in the APPENDed directory will be deleted instead. APPEND is
- able to 'fool' programs by accessing another file than the file
- requested by the application, if a file with the same name
- exists in another directory. This also applies when one of the
- TBAV utilities needs to consult an Anti-Vir.Dat file: The
- Anti-Vir.Dat file of another directory might be accessed instead
- of the intended one.
- Workaround:
- TbSetup and TbScan switch off APPEND automatically if they
- detect that it has been loaded, but the resident TBAV
- utilities don't. It is therefore recommended to be very
- careful if you need to use the APPEND /X option and to
- switch it off as soon as you don't need it anymore.
-