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This file was processed as: Mailbox/MIME Entity
(archive/mbox ).
You can browse this item here: comp.faq
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Mailbox/MIME Entity (archive/mbox)
magic
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100%
dexvert
Internet Message Format (text/imf)
magic
Supported
1%
dexvert
Text File (text/txt)
fallback
Supported
100%
file
Mailbox text, 1st line "From uranus.ibioc.serpukhov.su!kiae!relcom!fuug!mcsun!uunet!noc.near.net!pad-thai.aktis.com!pad-thai.aktis.com!not-for-mail Thu", ASCII text
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E-Mail message (Var. 2)
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checkBytes
Printable ASCII
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100%
perlTextCheck
Likely Text (Perl)
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siegfried
x-fmt/111 Plain Text File
default
100%
detectItEasy
Format: plain text[LF]
default (weak)
100%
xdgMime
application/mbox
default
hex view +--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+ |00000000| 46 72 6f 6d 20 75 72 61 | 6e 75 73 2e 69 62 69 6f |From ura|nus.ibio| |00000010| 63 2e 73 65 72 70 75 6b | 68 6f 76 2e 73 75 21 6b |c.serpuk|hov.su!k| |00000020| 69 61 65 21 72 65 6c 63 | 6f 6d 21 66 75 75 67 21 |iae!relc|om!fuug!| |00000030| 6d 63 73 75 6e 21 75 75 | 6e 65 74 21 6e 6f 63 2e |mcsun!uu|net!noc.| |00000040| 6e 65 61 72 2e 6e 65 74 | 21 70 61 64 2d 74 68 61 |near.net|!pad-tha| |00000050| 69 2e 61 6b 74 69 73 2e | 63 6f 6d 21 70 61 64 2d |i.aktis.|com!pad-| |00000060| 74 68 61 69 2e 61 6b 74 | 69 73 2e 63 6f 6d 21 6e |thai.akt|is.com!n| |00000070| 6f 74 2d 66 6f 72 2d 6d | 61 69 6c 20 54 68 75 20 |ot-for-m|ail Thu | |00000080| 41 70 72 20 20 31 20 31 | 33 3a 30 34 3a 31 32 20 |Apr 1 1|3:04:12 | |00000090| 31 39 39 33 0a 50 61 74 | 68 3a 20 75 72 61 6e 75 |1993.Pat|h: uranu| |000000a0| 73 2e 69 62 69 6f 63 2e | 73 65 72 70 75 6b 68 6f |s.ibioc.|serpukho| |000000b0| 76 2e 73 75 21 6b 69 61 | 65 21 72 65 6c 63 6f 6d |v.su!kia|e!relcom| |000000c0| 21 66 75 75 67 21 6d 63 | 73 75 6e 21 75 75 6e 65 |!fuug!mc|sun!uune| |000000d0| 74 21 6e 6f 63 2e 6e 65 | 61 72 2e 6e 65 74 21 70 |t!noc.ne|ar.net!p| |000000e0| 61 64 2d 74 68 61 69 2e | 61 6b 74 69 73 2e 63 6f |ad-thai.|aktis.co| |000000f0| 6d 21 70 61 64 2d 74 68 | 61 69 2e 61 6b 74 69 73 |m!pad-th|ai.aktis| |00000100| 2e 63 6f 6d 21 6e 6f 74 | 2d 66 6f 72 2d 6d 61 69 |.com!not|-for-mai| |00000110| 6c 0a 46 72 6f 6d 3a 20 | 22 4b 65 6e 6e 65 74 68 |l.From: |"Kenneth| |00000120| 20 52 2e 20 76 61 6e 20 | 57 79 6b 22 20 3c 6b 72 | R. van |Wyk" <kr| |00000130| 76 77 40 63 65 72 74 2e | 6f 72 67 3e 0a 4e 65 77 |vw@cert.|org>.New| |00000140| 73 67 72 6f 75 70 73 3a | 20 63 6f 6d 70 2e 76 69 |sgroups:| comp.vi| |00000150| 72 75 73 2c 63 6f 6d 70 | 2e 61 6e 73 77 65 72 73 |rus,comp|.answers| |00000160| 2c 6e 65 77 73 2e 61 6e | 73 77 65 72 73 0a 53 75 |,news.an|swers.Su| |00000170| 62 6a 65 63 74 3a 20 56 | 49 52 55 53 2d 4c 2f 63 |bject: V|IRUS-L/c| |00000180| 6f 6d 70 2e 76 69 72 75 | 73 20 46 72 65 71 75 65 |omp.viru|s Freque| |00000190| 6e 74 6c 79 20 41 73 6b | 65 64 20 51 75 65 73 74 |ntly Ask|ed Quest| |000001a0| 69 6f 6e 73 20 28 46 41 | 51 29 0a 53 75 70 65 72 |ions (FA|Q).Super| |000001b0| 73 65 64 65 73 3a 20 3c | 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 |sedes: <|computer| |000001c0| 2d 76 69 72 75 73 2d 66 | 61 71 5f 37 33 30 35 33 |-virus-f|aq_73053| |000001d0| 33 37 32 38 40 47 5a 41 | 2e 43 4f 4d 3e 0a 46 6f |3728@GZA|.COM>.Fo| |000001e0| 6c 6c 6f 77 75 70 2d 54 | 6f 3a 20 63 6f 6d 70 2e |llowup-T|o: comp.| |000001f0| 76 69 72 75 73 0a 44 61 | 74 65 3a 20 32 36 20 4d |virus.Da|te: 26 M| |00000200| 61 72 20 31 39 39 33 20 | 30 38 3a 34 30 3a 35 32 |ar 1993 |08:40:52| |00000210| 20 2d 30 35 30 30 0a 4f | 72 67 61 6e 69 7a 61 74 | -0500.O|rganizat| |00000220| 69 6f 6e 3a 20 43 45 52 | 54 20 43 6f 6f 72 64 69 |ion: CER|T Coordi| |00000230| 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 43 | 65 6e 74 65 72 0a 4c 69 |nation C|enter.Li| |00000240| 6e 65 73 3a 20 31 37 35 | 31 0a 53 65 6e 64 65 72 |nes: 175|1.Sender| |00000250| 3a 20 66 61 71 73 65 72 | 76 40 47 5a 41 2e 43 4f |: faqser|v@GZA.CO| |00000260| 4d 0a 41 70 70 72 6f 76 | 65 64 3a 20 6e 65 77 73 |M.Approv|ed: news| |00000270| 2d 61 6e 73 77 65 72 73 | 2d 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 |-answers|-request| |00000280| 40 4d 49 54 2e 45 64 75 | 0a 45 78 70 69 72 65 73 |@MIT.Edu|.Expires| |00000290| 3a 20 39 20 4d 61 79 20 | 31 39 39 33 20 31 33 3a |: 9 May |1993 13:| |000002a0| 34 30 3a 34 30 20 47 4d | 54 0a 4d 65 73 73 61 67 |40:40 GM|T.Messag| |000002b0| 65 2d 49 44 3a 20 3c 63 | 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 2d |e-ID: <c|omputer-| |000002c0| 76 69 72 75 73 2d 66 61 | 71 5f 37 33 33 31 35 33 |virus-fa|q_733153| |000002d0| 32 34 30 40 47 5a 41 2e | 43 4f 4d 3e 0a 52 65 70 |240@GZA.|COM>.Rep| |000002e0| 6c 79 2d 54 6f 3a 20 3c | 56 49 52 55 53 2d 4c 40 |ly-To: <|VIRUS-L@| |000002f0| 4c 65 68 69 67 68 2e 65 | 64 75 3e 0a 4e 4e 54 50 |Lehigh.e|du>.NNTP| |00000300| 2d 50 6f 73 74 69 6e 67 | 2d 48 6f 73 74 3a 20 70 |-Posting|-Host: p| |00000310| 61 64 2d 74 68 61 69 2e | 61 6b 74 69 73 2e 63 6f |ad-thai.|aktis.co| |00000320| 6d 0a 53 75 6d 6d 61 72 | 79 3a 20 54 68 69 73 20 |m.Summar|y: This | |00000330| 70 6f 73 74 69 6e 67 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 |posting |contains| |00000340| 20 61 20 6c 69 73 74 20 | 6f 66 20 46 72 65 71 75 | a list |of Frequ| |00000350| 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 41 73 | 6b 65 64 20 51 75 65 73 |ently As|ked Ques| |00000360| 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |tions,. | | |00000370| 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 69 | 72 20 61 6e 73 77 65 72 |and thei|r answer| |00000380| 73 2c 20 61 62 6f 75 74 | 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 |s, about| compute| |00000390| 72 20 76 69 72 75 73 65 | 73 2e 20 20 49 74 20 73 |r viruse|s. It s| |000003a0| 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 | 20 72 65 61 64 0a 20 20 |hould be| read. | |000003b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 62 | 79 20 61 6e 79 6f 6e 65 | b|y anyone| |000003c0| 20 77 68 6f 20 77 69 73 | 68 65 73 20 74 6f 20 70 | who wis|hes to p| |000003d0| 6f 73 74 20 74 6f 20 56 | 49 52 55 53 2d 4c 2f 63 |ost to V|IRUS-L/c| |000003e0| 6f 6d 70 2e 76 69 72 75 | 73 2e 0a 58 2d 4c 61 73 |omp.viru|s..X-Las| |000003f0| 74 2d 55 70 64 61 74 65 | 64 3a 20 31 39 39 33 2f |t-Update|d: 1993/| |00000400| 30 32 2f 30 38 0a 58 72 | 65 66 3a 20 75 72 61 6e |02/08.Xr|ef: uran| |00000410| 75 73 2e 69 62 69 6f 63 | 2e 73 65 72 70 75 6b 68 |us.ibioc|.serpukh| |00000420| 6f 76 2e 73 75 20 63 6f | 6d 70 2e 76 69 72 75 73 |ov.su co|mp.virus| |00000430| 3a 31 37 33 34 20 63 6f | 6d 70 2e 61 6e 73 77 65 |:1734 co|mp.answe| |00000440| 72 73 3a 32 38 33 20 6e | 65 77 73 2e 61 6e 73 77 |rs:283 n|ews.answ| |00000450| 65 72 73 3a 34 34 31 30 | 0a 0a 41 72 63 68 69 76 |ers:4410|..Archiv| |00000460| 65 2d 6e 61 6d 65 3a 20 | 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 |e-name: |computer| |00000470| 2d 76 69 72 75 73 2d 66 | 61 71 0a 4c 61 73 74 2d |-virus-f|aq.Last-| |00000480| 6d 6f 64 69 66 69 65 64 | 3a 20 31 38 20 4e 6f 76 |modified|: 18 Nov| |00000490| 65 6d 62 65 72 20 31 39 | 39 32 2c 20 37 3a 34 35 |ember 19|92, 7:45| |000004a0| 20 41 4d 20 45 53 54 0a | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | AM EST.|. | |000004b0| 20 20 20 20 46 72 65 71 | 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 41 | Freq|uently A| |000004c0| 73 6b 65 64 20 51 75 65 | 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f |sked Que|stions o| |000004d0| 6e 20 56 49 52 55 53 2d | 4c 2f 63 6f 6d 70 2e 76 |n VIRUS-|L/comp.v| |000004e0| 69 72 75 73 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |irus. | | |000004f0| 20 20 4c 61 73 74 20 55 | 70 64 61 74 65 64 3a 20 | Last U|pdated: | |00000500| 31 38 20 4e 6f 76 65 6d | 62 65 72 20 31 39 39 32 |18 Novem|ber 1992| |00000510| 2c 20 37 3a 34 35 20 41 | 4d 20 45 53 54 0a 0a 3d |, 7:45 A|M EST..=| |00000520| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========| |00000530| 3d 3d 3d 0a 3d 20 50 72 | 65 66 61 63 65 20 53 65 |===.= Pr|eface Se| |00000540| 63 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 3d | 0a 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |ction: =|.=======| |00000550| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 0a 0a 54 |========|=====..T| |00000560| 68 69 73 20 64 6f 63 75 | 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 73 20 |his docu|ment is | |00000570| 69 6e 74 65 6e 64 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 61 6e 73 77 |intended| to answ| |00000580| 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 6d | 6f 73 74 20 46 72 65 71 |er the m|ost Freq| |00000590| 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 41 | 73 6b 65 64 0a 51 75 65 |uently A|sked.Que| |000005a0| 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 28 | 46 41 51 73 29 20 61 62 |stions (|FAQs) ab| |000005b0| 6f 75 74 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 75 74 65 72 20 76 69 72 |out comp|uter vir| |000005c0| 75 73 65 73 2e 20 20 41 | 73 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 |uses. A|s you ca| |000005d0| 6e 20 73 65 65 2c 20 74 | 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 |n see, t|here are| |000005e0| 0a 6d 61 6e 79 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 6d 21 20 20 |.many of| them! | |000005f0| 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 61 | 72 65 20 64 65 73 70 65 |If you a|re despe| |00000600| 72 61 74 65 6c 79 20 73 | 65 65 6b 69 6e 67 20 68 |rately s|eeking h| |00000610| 65 6c 70 20 61 66 74 65 | 72 20 72 65 63 65 6e 74 |elp afte|r recent| |00000620| 6c 79 0a 64 69 73 63 6f | 76 65 72 69 6e 67 20 77 |ly.disco|vering w| |00000630| 68 61 74 20 61 70 70 65 | 61 72 73 20 74 6f 20 62 |hat appe|ars to b| |00000640| 65 20 61 20 76 69 72 75 | 73 20 6f 6e 20 79 6f 75 |e a viru|s on you| |00000650| 72 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 | 65 72 2c 20 63 6f 6e 73 |r comput|er, cons| |00000660| 69 64 65 72 0a 73 6b 69 | 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |ider.ski|mming th| |00000670| 72 6f 75 67 68 20 73 65 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 41 |rough se|ctions A| |00000680| 20 61 6e 64 20 42 20 74 | 6f 20 6c 65 61 72 6e 20 | and B t|o learn | |00000690| 74 68 65 20 65 73 73 65 | 6e 74 69 61 6c 20 6a 61 |the esse|ntial ja| |000006a0| 72 67 6f 6e 2c 20 74 68 | 65 6e 0a 63 6f 6e 63 65 |rgon, th|en.conce| |000006b0| 6e 74 72 61 74 65 20 6f | 6e 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f |ntrate o|n sectio| |000006c0| 6e 20 43 2e 0a 0a 49 66 | 20 79 6f 75 20 6d 61 79 |n C...If| you may| |000006d0| 20 68 61 76 65 20 66 6f | 75 6e 64 20 61 20 6e 65 | have fo|und a ne| |000006e0| 77 20 76 69 72 75 73 2c | 20 6f 72 20 61 72 65 20 |w virus,| or are | |000006f0| 6e 6f 74 20 71 75 69 74 | 65 20 73 75 72 65 20 69 |not quit|e sure i| |00000700| 66 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 66 | 69 6c 65 0a 6f 72 20 62 |f some f|ile.or b| |00000710| 6f 6f 74 20 73 65 63 74 | 6f 72 20 69 73 20 69 6e |oot sect|or is in| |00000720| 66 65 63 74 65 64 2c 20 | 69 74 20 69 73 20 69 6d |fected, |it is im| |00000730| 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 20 | 74 6f 20 75 6e 64 65 72 |portant |to under| |00000740| 73 74 61 6e 64 20 74 68 | 65 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 |stand th|e protoc| |00000750| 6f 6c 0a 66 6f 72 20 72 | 61 69 73 69 6e 67 20 73 |ol.for r|aising s| |00000760| 75 63 68 20 71 75 65 73 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 65 |uch ques|tions, e| |00000770| 2e 67 2e 20 74 6f 20 61 | 76 6f 69 64 20 61 73 6b |.g. to a|void ask| |00000780| 69 6e 67 20 71 75 65 73 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 68 |ing ques|tions th| |00000790| 61 74 20 63 61 6e 20 62 | 65 0a 61 6e 73 77 65 72 |at can b|e.answer| |000007a0| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 64 6f 63 75 6d |ed in th|is docum| |000007b0| 65 6e 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 74 6f 20 61 76 6f 69 |ent, and| to avoi| |000007c0| 64 20 73 65 6e 64 69 6e | 67 20 22 6c 69 76 65 22 |d sendin|g "live"| |000007d0| 20 76 69 72 75 73 65 73 | 20 65 78 63 65 70 74 0a | viruses| except.| |000007e0| 74 6f 20 73 6f 6d 65 6f | 6e 65 20 77 68 6f 20 69 |to someo|ne who i| |000007f0| 73 20 72 65 73 70 6f 6e | 73 69 62 6c 65 20 28 61 |s respon|sible (a| |00000800| 6e 64 20 65 76 65 6e 20 | 74 68 65 6e 20 69 6e 20 |nd even |then in | |00000810| 61 20 73 61 66 65 20 66 | 6f 72 6d 21 29 2e 0a 0a |a safe f|orm!)...| |00000820| 41 62 6f 76 65 20 61 6c | 6c 2c 20 72 65 6d 65 6d |Above al|l, remem| |00000830| 62 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 | 74 69 6d 65 20 74 6f 20 |ber the |time to | |00000840| 72 65 61 6c 6c 79 20 77 | 6f 72 72 79 20 61 62 6f |really w|orry abo| |00000850| 75 74 20 76 69 72 75 73 | 65 73 20 69 73 20 42 45 |ut virus|es is BE| |00000860| 46 4f 52 45 0a 79 6f 75 | 72 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 |FORE.you|r comput| |00000870| 65 72 20 67 65 74 73 20 | 6f 6e 65 21 0a 0a 54 68 |er gets |one!..Th| |00000880| 65 20 46 41 51 20 69 73 | 20 61 20 64 79 6e 61 6d |e FAQ is| a dynam| |00000890| 69 63 20 64 6f 63 75 6d | 65 6e 74 2c 20 77 68 69 |ic docum|ent, whi| |000008a0| 63 68 20 63 68 61 6e 67 | 65 73 20 61 73 20 70 65 |ch chang|es as pe| |000008b0| 6f 70 6c 65 27 73 20 71 | 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 |ople's q|uestions| |000008c0| 0a 63 68 61 6e 67 65 2e | 20 20 43 6f 6e 74 72 69 |.change.| Contri| |000008d0| 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 67 72 61 74 |butions |are grat| |000008e0| 65 66 75 6c 6c 79 20 61 | 63 63 65 70 74 65 64 20 |efully a|ccepted | |000008f0| 2d 2d 20 70 6c 65 61 73 | 65 20 65 2d 6d 61 69 6c |-- pleas|e e-mail| |00000900| 20 74 68 65 6d 0a 74 6f | 20 6d 65 20 61 74 20 6b | them.to| me at k| |00000910| 72 76 77 40 63 65 72 74 | 2e 6f 72 67 2e 20 20 54 |rvw@cert|.org. 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Ott| |00000d10| 6f 20 53 74 6f 6c 7a 20 | 3c 72 7a 6f 74 74 6f 40 |o Stolz |<rzotto@| |00000d20| 6e 79 78 2e 75 6e 69 2d | 6b 6f 6e 73 74 61 6e 7a |nyx.uni-|konstanz| |00000d30| 2e 64 65 3e 0a 0a 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |.de>..==|========| |00000d40| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 |========|==.. | |00000d50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 51 75 65 73 74 69 6f | | Questio| |00000d60| 6e 73 20 61 6e 73 77 65 | 72 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 |ns answe|red in t| |00000d70| 68 69 73 20 64 6f 63 75 | 6d 65 6e 74 0a 0a 53 65 |his docu|ment..Se| |00000d80| 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 41 3a | 20 20 20 53 6f 75 72 63 |ction A:| Sourc| |00000d90| 65 73 20 6f 66 20 49 6e | 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f |es of In|formatio| |00000da0| 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 41 6e | 74 69 2d 76 69 72 61 6c |n and An|ti-viral| |00000db0| 20 53 6f 66 74 77 61 72 | 65 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 | Softwar|e. | |00000dc0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 28 | 57 68 65 72 65 20 63 61 | (|Where ca| |00000dd0| 6e 20 49 20 66 69 6e 64 | 20 48 45 4c 50 2e 2e 21 |n I find| HELP..!| |00000de0| 29 0a 0a 41 31 29 20 20 | 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 |)..A1) |What is | |00000df0| 56 49 52 55 53 2d 4c 2f | 63 6f 6d 70 2e 76 69 72 |VIRUS-L/|comp.vir| |00000e00| 75 73 3f 0a 41 32 29 20 | 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 |us?.A2) | What is| |00000e10| 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 66 | 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 | the dif|ference | |00000e20| 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 | 56 49 52 55 53 2d 4c 20 |between |VIRUS-L | |00000e30| 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 2e 76 69 72 75 73 3f 0a |and comp|.virus?.| |00000e40| 41 33 29 20 20 48 6f 77 | 20 64 6f 20 49 20 67 65 |A3) How| do I ge| |00000e50| 74 20 6f 6e 74 6f 20 56 | 49 52 55 53 2d 4c 2f 63 |t onto V|IRUS-L/c| |00000e60| 6f 6d 70 2e 76 69 72 75 | 73 3f 0a 41 34 29 20 20 |omp.viru|s?.A4) | |00000e70| 57 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 67 75 69 |What are| the gui| |00000e80| 64 65 6c 69 6e 65 73 20 | 66 6f 72 20 56 49 52 55 |delines |for VIRU| |00000e90| 53 2d 4c 3f 0a 41 35 29 | 20 20 48 6f 77 20 63 61 |S-L?.A5)| How ca| |00000ea0| 6e 20 49 20 67 65 74 20 | 62 61 63 6b 2d 69 73 73 |n I get |back-iss| |00000eb0| 75 65 73 20 6f 66 20 56 | 49 52 55 53 2d 4c 3f 0a |ues of V|IRUS-L?.| |00000ec0| 41 36 29 20 20 57 68 61 | 74 20 69 73 20 56 41 4c |A6) Wha|t is VAL| |00000ed0| 45 52 54 2d 4c 3f 0a 41 | 37 29 20 20 57 68 61 74 |ERT-L?.A|7) What| |00000ee0| 20 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 76 | are the| known v| |00000ef0| 69 72 75 73 65 73 2c 20 | 74 68 65 69 72 20 6e 61 |iruses, |their na| |00000f00| 6d 65 73 2c 20 6d 61 6a | 6f 72 20 73 79 6d 70 74 |mes, maj|or sympt| |00000f10| 6f 6d 73 20 61 6e 64 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 70 6f 73 |oms and.| pos| |00000f20| 73 69 62 6c 65 20 63 75 | 72 65 73 3f 0a 41 38 29 |sible cu|res?.A8)| |00000f30| 20 20 57 68 65 72 65 20 | 63 61 6e 20 49 20 67 65 | Where |can I ge| |00000f40| 74 20 66 72 65 65 20 6f | 72 20 73 68 61 72 65 77 |t free o|r sharew| |00000f50| 61 72 65 20 61 6e 74 69 | 2d 76 69 72 75 73 20 70 |are anti|-virus p| |00000f60| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 3f | 0a 41 39 29 20 20 57 68 |rograms?|.A9) Wh| |00000f70| 65 72 65 20 63 61 6e 20 | 49 20 67 65 74 20 6d 6f |ere can |I get mo| |00000f80| 72 65 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |re infor|mation o| |00000f90| 6e 20 76 69 72 75 73 65 | 73 2c 20 65 74 63 2e 3f |n viruse|s, etc.?| |00000fa0| 0a 0a 0a 53 65 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 42 3a 20 20 20 |...Secti|on B: | |00000fb0| 44 65 66 69 6e 69 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 0a 20 20 20 20 |Definiti|ons. | |00000fc0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 28 57 68 61 74 20 69 | | (What i| |00000fd0| 73 20 2e 2e 2e 3f 29 0a | 0a 42 31 29 20 20 57 68 |s ...?).|.B1) Wh| |00000fe0| 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 20 |at are c|omputer | |00000ff0| 76 69 72 75 73 65 73 20 | 28 61 6e 64 20 77 68 79 |viruses |(and why| |00001000| 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 | 49 20 77 6f 72 72 79 20 | should |I worry | |00001010| 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 68 | 65 6d 29 3f 0a 42 32 29 |about th|em)?.B2)| |00001020| 20 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 | 73 20 61 20 54 72 6f 6a | What i|s a Troj| |00001030| 61 6e 20 48 6f 72 73 65 | 3f 0a 42 33 29 20 20 57 |an Horse|?.B3) W| |00001040| 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 6d 61 69 6e |hat are |the main| |00001050| 20 74 79 70 65 73 20 6f | 66 20 50 43 20 76 69 72 | types o|f PC vir| |00001060| 75 73 65 73 3f 0a 42 34 | 29 20 20 57 68 61 74 20 |uses?.B4|) What | |00001070| 69 73 20 61 20 73 74 65 | 61 6c 74 68 20 76 69 72 |is a ste|alth vir| |00001080| 75 73 3f 0a 42 35 29 20 | 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 |us?.B5) | What is| |00001090| 20 61 20 70 6f 6c 79 6d | 6f 72 70 68 69 63 20 76 | a polym|orphic v| |000010a0| 69 72 75 73 3f 0a 42 36 | 29 20 20 57 68 61 74 20 |irus?.B6|) What | |000010b0| 61 72 65 20 66 61 73 74 | 20 61 6e 64 20 73 6c 6f |are fast| and slo| |000010c0| 77 20 69 6e 66 65 63 74 | 6f 72 73 3f 0a 42 37 29 |w infect|ors?.B7)| |000010d0| 20 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 | 73 20 61 20 73 70 61 72 | What i|s a spar| |000010e0| 73 65 20 69 6e 66 65 63 | 74 6f 72 3f 0a 42 38 29 |se infec|tor?.B8)| |000010f0| 20 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 | 73 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 70 | What i|s a comp| |00001100| 61 6e 69 6f 6e 20 76 69 | 72 75 73 3f 0a 42 39 29 |anion vi|rus?.B9)| |00001110| 20 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 | 73 20 61 6e 20 61 72 6d | What i|s an arm| |00001120| 6f 72 65 64 20 76 69 72 | 75 73 3f 0a 42 31 30 29 |ored vir|us?.B10)| |00001130| 20 4d 69 73 63 65 6c 6c | 61 6e 65 6f 75 73 20 4a | Miscell|aneous J| |00001140| 61 72 67 6f 6e 20 61 6e | 64 20 41 62 62 72 65 76 |argon an|d Abbrev| |00001150| 69 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 0a | 0a 0a 53 65 63 74 69 6f |iations.|..Sectio| |00001160| 6e 20 43 3a 20 20 20 56 | 69 72 75 73 20 44 65 74 |n C: V|irus Det| |00001170| 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ection. | | |00001180| 20 20 20 20 28 49 73 20 | 6d 79 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 | (Is |my compu| |00001190| 74 65 72 20 69 6e 66 65 | 63 74 65 64 3f 20 20 57 |ter infe|cted? W| |000011a0| 68 61 74 20 64 6f 20 49 | 20 64 6f 3f 29 0a 0a 43 |hat do I| do?)..C| |000011b0| 31 29 20 20 57 68 61 74 | 20 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 |1) What| are the| |000011c0| 20 73 79 6d 70 74 6f 6d | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e | symptom|s and in| |000011d0| 64 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 6f 66 20 61 20 76 |dication|s of a v| |000011e0| 69 72 75 73 20 69 6e 66 | 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 3f 0a |irus inf|ection?.| |000011f0| 43 32 29 20 20 57 68 61 | 74 20 73 74 65 70 73 20 |C2) Wha|t steps | |00001200| 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 | 65 20 74 61 6b 65 6e 20 |should b|e taken | |00001210| 69 6e 20 64 69 61 67 6e | 6f 73 69 6e 67 20 61 6e |in diagn|osing an| |00001220| 64 20 69 64 65 6e 74 69 | 66 79 69 6e 67 20 76 69 |d identi|fying vi| |00001230| 72 75 73 65 73 3f 0a 43 | 33 29 20 20 57 68 61 74 |ruses?.C|3) What| |00001240| 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 62 65 73 74 20 77 61 79 | is the |best way| |00001250| 20 74 6f 20 72 65 6d 6f | 76 65 20 61 20 76 69 72 | to remo|ve a vir| |00001260| 75 73 3f 0a 43 34 29 20 | 20 57 68 61 74 20 64 6f |us?.C4) | What do| |00001270| 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 3c | 69 6e 73 65 72 74 20 6e |es the <|insert n| |00001280| 61 6d 65 20 68 65 72 65 | 3e 20 76 69 72 75 73 20 |ame here|> virus | |00001290| 64 6f 3f 0a 43 35 29 20 | 20 57 68 61 74 20 61 72 |do?.C5) | What ar| |000012a0| 65 20 22 66 61 6c 73 65 | 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 76 |e "false| positiv| |000012b0| 65 73 22 20 61 6e 64 20 | 22 66 61 6c 73 65 20 6e |es" and |"false n| |000012c0| 65 67 61 74 69 76 65 73 | 22 3f 0a 43 36 29 20 20 |egatives|"?.C6) | |000012d0| 43 6f 75 6c 64 20 61 6e | 20 61 6e 74 69 2d 76 69 |Could an| anti-vi| |000012e0| 72 61 6c 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 20 69 74 73 65 |ral prog|ram itse| |000012f0| 6c 66 20 62 65 20 69 6e | 66 65 63 74 65 64 3f 0a |lf be in|fected?.| |00001300| 43 37 29 20 20 57 68 65 | 72 65 20 63 61 6e 20 49 |C7) Whe|re can I| |00001310| 20 67 65 74 20 61 20 76 | 69 72 75 73 20 73 63 61 | get a v|irus sca| |00001320| 6e 6e 65 72 20 66 6f 72 | 20 6d 79 20 55 6e 69 78 |nner for| my Unix| |00001330| 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 3f | 0a 43 38 29 20 20 57 68 | system?|.C8) Wh| |00001340| 79 20 64 6f 65 73 20 61 | 6e 20 61 6e 74 69 76 69 |y does a|n antivi| |00001350| 72 61 6c 20 73 63 61 6e | 6e 65 72 20 72 65 70 6f |ral scan|ner repo| |00001360| 72 74 20 61 6e 20 69 6e | 66 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |rt an in|fection | |00001370| 6f 6e 6c 79 20 73 6f 6d | 65 74 69 6d 65 73 3f 0a |only som|etimes?.| |00001380| 43 39 29 20 20 49 73 20 | 6d 79 20 64 69 73 6b 20 |C9) Is |my disk | |00001390| 69 6e 66 65 63 74 65 64 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 |infected| with th| |000013a0| 65 20 53 74 6f 6e 65 64 | 20 76 69 72 75 73 3f 0a |e Stoned| virus?.| |000013b0| 43 31 30 29 20 49 20 74 | 68 69 6e 6b 20 49 20 68 |C10) I t|hink I h| |000013c0| 61 76 65 20 64 65 74 65 | 63 74 65 64 20 61 20 6e |ave dete|cted a n| |000013d0| 65 77 20 76 69 72 75 73 | 3b 20 77 68 61 74 20 64 |ew virus|; what d| |000013e0| 6f 20 49 20 64 6f 3f 0a | 43 31 31 29 20 43 48 4b |o I do?.|C11) CHK| |000013f0| 44 53 4b 20 72 65 70 6f | 72 74 73 20 36 33 39 4b |DSK repo|rts 639K| |00001400| 20 28 6f 72 20 6c 65 73 | 73 29 20 74 6f 74 61 6c | (or les|s) total| |00001410| 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 | 6f 6e 20 6d 79 20 73 79 | memory |on my sy| |00001420| 73 74 65 6d 3b 20 61 6d | 20 49 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |stem; am| I. | |00001430| 69 6e 66 65 63 74 65 64 | 3f 0a 43 31 32 29 20 49 |infected|?.C12) I| |00001440| 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 6e | 20 69 6e 66 69 6e 69 74 | have an| infinit| |00001450| 65 20 6c 6f 6f 70 20 6f | 66 20 73 75 62 2d 64 69 |e loop o|f sub-di| |00001460| 72 65 63 74 6f 72 69 65 | 73 20 6f 6e 20 6d 79 20 |rectorie|s on my | |00001470| 68 61 72 64 20 64 72 69 | 76 65 3b 20 61 6d 20 49 |hard dri|ve; am I| |00001480| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 69 6e | 66 65 63 74 65 64 3f 0a |. in|fected?.| |00001490| 0a 0a 53 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 20 44 3a 20 20 20 50 |..Sectio|n D: P| |000014a0| 72 6f 74 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 20 50 6c 61 6e 73 0a |rotectio|n Plans.| |000014b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 28 57 68 | | (Wh| |000014c0| 61 74 20 73 68 6f 75 6c | 64 20 49 20 64 6f 20 74 |at shoul|d I do t| |000014d0| 6f 20 70 72 65 70 61 72 | 65 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 |o prepar|e agains| |000014e0| 74 20 76 69 72 75 73 65 | 73 3f 29 0a 0a 44 31 29 |t viruse|s?)..D1)| |000014f0| 20 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 62 65 | What i|s the be| |00001500| 73 74 20 70 72 6f 74 65 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 70 6f |st prote|ction po| |00001510| 6c 69 63 79 20 66 6f 72 | 20 6d 79 20 63 6f 6d 70 |licy for| my comp| |00001520| 75 74 65 72 3f 0a 44 32 | 29 20 20 49 73 20 69 74 |uter?.D2|) Is it| |00001530| 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c | 65 20 74 6f 20 70 72 6f | possibl|e to pro| |00001540| 74 65 63 74 20 61 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 20 |tect a c|omputer | |00001550| 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 6f 6e 6c 79 |system w|ith only| |00001560| 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 | 65 3f 0a 44 33 29 20 20 | softwar|e?.D3) | |00001570| 49 73 20 69 74 20 70 6f | 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 74 |Is it po|ssible t| |00001580| 6f 20 77 72 69 74 65 2d | 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 20 |o write-|protect | |00001590| 74 68 65 20 68 61 72 64 | 20 64 69 73 6b 20 77 69 |the hard| disk wi| |000015a0| 74 68 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 | 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 |th only |software| |000015b0| 3f 0a 44 34 29 20 20 57 | 68 61 74 20 63 61 6e 20 |?.D4) W|hat can | |000015c0| 62 65 20 64 6f 6e 65 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 68 61 72 |be done |with har| |000015d0| 64 77 61 72 65 20 70 72 | 6f 74 65 63 74 69 6f 6e |dware pr|otection| |000015e0| 3f 0a 44 35 29 20 20 57 | 69 6c 6c 20 73 65 74 74 |?.D5) W|ill sett| |000015f0| 69 6e 67 20 44 4f 53 20 | 66 69 6c 65 20 61 74 74 |ing DOS |file att| |00001600| 72 69 62 75 74 65 73 20 | 74 6f 20 52 45 41 44 20 |ributes |to READ | |00001610| 4f 4e 4c 59 20 70 72 6f | 74 65 63 74 20 74 68 65 |ONLY pro|tect the| |00001620| 6d 20 66 72 6f 6d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 76 69 72 75 |m from. | viru| |00001630| 73 65 73 3f 0a 44 36 29 | 20 20 57 69 6c 6c 20 70 |ses?.D6)| Will p| |00001640| 61 73 73 77 6f 72 64 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43 61 6e 20 | 61 20 76 69 72 75 73 2e | (Can |a virus.| |000017e0| 2e 2e 3f 29 0a 0a 45 31 | 29 20 20 43 61 6e 20 62 |..?)..E1|) Can b| |000017f0| 6f 6f 74 20 73 65 63 74 | 6f 72 20 76 69 72 75 73 |oot sect|or virus| |00001800| 65 73 20 69 6e 66 65 63 | 74 20 6e 6f 6e 2d 62 6f |es infec|t non-bo| |00001810| 6f 74 61 62 6c 65 20 66 | 6c 6f 70 70 79 20 64 69 |otable f|loppy di| |00001820| 73 6b 73 3f 0a 45 32 29 | 20 20 43 61 6e 20 61 20 |sks?.E2)| Can a | |00001830| 76 69 72 75 73 20 68 69 | 64 65 20 69 6e 20 61 20 |virus hi|de in a | |00001840| 50 43 27 73 20 43 4d 4f | 53 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 |PC's CMO|S memory| |00001850| 3f 0a 45 33 29 20 20 43 | 61 6e 20 61 20 76 69 72 |?.E3) C|an a vir| |00001860| 75 73 20 68 69 64 65 20 | 69 6e 20 45 78 74 65 6e |us hide |in Exten| |00001870| 64 65 64 20 6f 72 20 69 | 6e 20 45 78 70 61 6e 64 |ded or i|n Expand| |00001880| 65 64 20 52 41 4d 3f 0a | 45 34 29 20 20 43 61 6e |ed RAM?.|E4) Can| |00001890| 20 61 20 76 69 72 75 73 | 20 68 69 64 65 20 69 6e | a virus| hide in| |000018a0| 20 55 70 70 65 72 20 4d | 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 6f 72 | Upper M|emory or| |000018b0| 20 69 6e 20 48 69 67 68 | 20 4d 65 6d 6f 72 79 3f | in High| Memory?| |000018c0| 0a 45 35 29 20 20 43 61 | 6e 20 61 20 76 69 72 75 |.E5) Ca|n a viru| |000018d0| 73 20 69 6e 66 65 63 74 | 20 64 61 74 61 20 66 69 |s infect| data fi| |000018e0| 6c 65 73 3f 0a 45 36 29 | 20 20 43 61 6e 20 76 69 |les?.E6)| Can vi| |000018f0| 72 75 73 65 73 20 73 70 | 72 65 61 64 20 66 72 6f |ruses sp|read fro| |00001900| 6d 20 6f 6e 65 20 74 79 | 70 65 20 6f 66 20 63 6f |m one ty|pe of co| |00001910| 6d 70 75 74 65 72 20 74 | 6f 20 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 |mputer t|o anothe| |00001920| 72 3f 0a 45 37 29 20 20 | 43 61 6e 20 44 4f 53 20 |r?.E7) |Can DOS | |00001930| 76 69 72 75 73 65 73 20 | 72 75 6e 20 6f 6e 20 6e |viruses |run on n| |00001940| 6f 6e 2d 44 4f 53 20 6d | 61 63 68 69 6e 65 73 20 |on-DOS m|achines | |00001950| 28 65 2e 67 2e 20 4d 61 | 63 2c 20 41 6d 69 67 61 |(e.g. Ma|c, Amiga| |00001960| 29 3f 0a 45 38 29 20 20 | 43 61 6e 20 6d 61 69 6e |)?.E8) |Can main| |00001970| 66 72 61 6d 65 20 63 6f | 6d 70 75 74 65 72 73 20 |frame co|mputers | |00001980| 62 65 20 73 75 73 63 65 | 70 74 69 62 6c 65 20 74 |be susce|ptible t| |00001990| 6f 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 | 65 72 20 76 69 72 75 73 |o comput|er virus| |000019a0| 65 73 3f 0a 45 39 29 20 | 20 53 6f 6d 65 20 70 65 |es?.E9) | Some pe| |000019b0| 6f 70 6c 65 20 73 61 79 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 64 69 |ople say| that di| |000019c0| 73 69 6e 66 65 63 74 69 | 6e 67 20 66 69 6c 65 73 |sinfecti|ng files| |000019d0| 20 69 73 20 61 20 62 61 | 64 20 69 64 65 61 2e 20 | is a ba|d idea. | |000019e0| 49 73 20 74 68 61 74 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 74 72 75 |Is that.| tru| |000019f0| 65 3f 0a 45 31 30 29 20 | 43 61 6e 20 49 20 61 76 |e?.E10) |Can I av| |00001a00| 6f 69 64 20 76 69 72 75 | 73 65 73 20 62 79 20 61 |oid viru|ses by a| |00001a10| 76 6f 69 64 69 6e 67 20 | 73 68 61 72 65 77 61 72 |voiding |sharewar| |00001a20| 65 2f 66 72 65 65 20 73 | 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 2f |e/free s|oftware/| |00001a30| 67 61 6d 65 73 3f 0a 45 | 31 31 29 20 43 61 6e 20 |games?.E|11) Can | |00001a40| 49 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 61 | 63 74 20 61 20 76 69 72 |I contra|ct a vir| |00001a50| 75 73 20 6f 6e 20 6d 79 | 20 50 43 20 62 79 20 70 |us on my| PC by p| |00001a60| 65 72 66 6f 72 6d 69 6e | 67 20 61 20 22 44 49 52 |erformin|g a "DIR| |00001a70| 22 20 6f 66 20 61 6e 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 69 6e 66 |" of an.| inf| |00001a80| 65 63 74 65 64 20 66 6c | 6f 70 70 79 20 64 69 73 |ected fl|oppy dis| |00001a90| 6b 3f 0a 45 31 32 29 20 | 49 73 20 74 68 65 72 65 |k?.E12) |Is there| |00001aa0| 20 61 6e 79 20 72 69 73 | 6b 20 69 6e 20 63 6f 70 | any ris|k in cop| |00001ab0| 79 69 6e 67 20 64 61 74 | 61 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 |ying dat|a files | |00001ac0| 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 6e 20 | 69 6e 66 65 63 74 65 64 |from an |infected| |00001ad0| 20 66 6c 6f 70 70 79 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 64 69 73 | floppy.| dis| |00001ae0| 6b 20 74 6f 20 61 20 63 | 6c 65 61 6e 20 50 43 27 |k to a c|lean PC'| |00001af0| 73 20 68 61 72 64 20 64 | 69 73 6b 3f 0a 45 31 33 |s hard d|isk?.E13| |00001b00| 29 20 43 61 6e 20 61 20 | 44 4f 53 20 76 69 72 75 |) Can a |DOS viru| |00001b10| 73 20 73 75 72 76 69 76 | 65 20 61 6e 64 20 73 70 |s surviv|e and sp| |00001b20| 72 65 61 64 20 6f 6e 20 | 61 6e 20 4f 53 2f 32 20 |read on |an OS/2 | |00001b30| 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 75 | 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |system u|sing the| |00001b40| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 48 50 | 46 53 20 66 69 6c 65 20 |. HP|FS file | |00001b50| 73 79 73 74 65 6d 3f 0a | 45 31 34 29 20 55 6e 64 |system?.|E14) Und| |00001b60| 65 72 20 4f 53 2f 32 20 | 32 2e 30 2c 20 63 6f 75 |er OS/2 |2.0, cou| |00001b70| 6c 64 20 61 20 76 69 72 | 75 73 20 69 6e 66 65 63 |ld a vir|us infec| |00001b80| 74 65 64 20 44 4f 53 20 | 73 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 |ted DOS |session | |00001b90| 69 6e 66 65 63 74 20 61 | 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 0a 20 |infect a|nother. | |00001ba0| 20 20 20 20 44 4f 53 20 | 73 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 3f | DOS |session?| |00001bb0| 0a 45 31 35 29 20 43 61 | 6e 20 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c |.E15) Ca|n normal| |00001bc0| 20 44 4f 53 20 76 69 72 | 75 73 65 73 20 77 6f 72 | DOS vir|uses wor| |00001bd0| 6b 20 75 6e 64 65 72 20 | 4d 53 20 57 69 6e 64 6f |k under |MS Windo| |00001be0| 77 73 3f 0a 0a 0a 53 65 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 46 3a |ws?...Se|ction F:| |00001bf0| 20 20 20 20 4d 69 73 63 | 65 6c 6c 61 6e 65 6f 75 | Misc|ellaneou| |00001c00| 73 20 51 75 65 73 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 0a 20 20 20 20 |s Questi|ons. | |00001c10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 28 49 20 77 61 73 | | (I was| |00001c20| 20 6a 75 73 74 20 77 6f | 6e 64 65 72 69 6e 67 2e | just wo|ndering.| |00001c30| 2e 2e 29 0a 0a 46 31 29 | 20 48 6f 77 20 6d 61 6e |..)..F1)| How man| |00001c40| 79 20 76 69 72 75 73 65 | 73 20 61 72 65 20 74 68 |y viruse|s are th| |00001c50| 65 72 65 3f 0a 46 32 29 | 20 48 6f 77 20 64 6f 20 |ere?.F2)| How do | |00001c60| 76 69 72 75 73 65 73 20 | 73 70 72 65 61 64 20 73 |viruses |spread s| |00001c70| 6f 20 71 75 69 63 6b 6c | 79 3f 0a 46 33 29 20 57 |o quickl|y?.F3) W| |00001c80| 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 6c 75 72 61 |hat is t|he plura| |00001c90| 6c 20 6f 66 20 22 76 69 | 72 75 73 22 3f 20 20 22 |l of "vi|rus"? "| |00001ca0| 56 69 72 75 73 65 73 22 | 20 6f 72 20 22 76 69 72 |Viruses"| or "vir| |00001cb0| 69 22 20 6f 72 20 22 76 | 69 72 69 69 22 20 6f 72 |i" or "v|irii" or| |00001cc0| 2e 2e 2e 0a 46 34 29 20 | 57 68 65 6e 20 72 65 70 |....F4) |When rep| |00001cd0| 6f 72 74 69 6e 67 20 61 | 20 76 69 72 75 73 20 69 |orting a| virus i| |00001ce0| 6e 66 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 28 61 6e 64 20 6c 6f |nfection| (and lo| |00001cf0| 6f 6b 69 6e 67 20 66 6f | 72 20 61 73 73 69 73 74 |oking fo|r assist| |00001d00| 61 6e 63 65 29 2c 20 77 | 68 61 74 0a 20 20 20 20 |ance), w|hat. | |00001d10| 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 73 68 6f 75 |informat|ion shou| |00001d20| 6c 64 20 62 65 20 69 6e | 63 6c 75 64 65 64 3f 0a |ld be in|cluded?.| |00001d30| 46 35 29 20 48 6f 77 20 | 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 73 68 |F5) How |often sh| |00001d40| 6f 75 6c 64 20 77 65 20 | 75 70 67 72 61 64 65 20 |ould we |upgrade | |00001d50| 6f 75 72 20 61 6e 74 69 | 2d 76 69 72 75 73 20 74 |our anti|-virus t| |00001d60| 6f 6f 6c 73 20 74 6f 20 | 6d 69 6e 69 6d 69 7a 65 |ools to |minimize| |00001d70| 0a 20 20 20 20 73 6f 66 | 74 77 61 72 65 20 61 6e |. sof|tware an| |00001d80| 64 20 6c 61 62 6f 72 20 | 63 6f 73 74 73 20 61 6e |d labor |costs an| |00001d90| 64 20 6d 61 78 69 6d 69 | 7a 65 20 6f 75 72 20 70 |d maximi|ze our p| |00001da0| 72 6f 74 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 3f 0a 0a 0a 53 65 63 |rotectio|n?...Sec| |00001db0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 47 3a 20 | 20 20 20 53 70 65 63 69 |tion G: | Speci| |00001dc0| 66 69 63 20 56 69 72 75 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 41 6e |fic Viru|s and An| |00001dd0| 74 69 2d 76 69 72 61 6c | 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 |ti-viral| softwar| |00001de0| 65 20 51 75 65 73 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 2e 2e 2e 0a 0a |e Questi|ons.....| |00001df0| 47 31 29 20 49 20 77 61 | 73 20 69 6e 66 65 63 74 |G1) I wa|s infect| |00001e00| 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 | 65 20 4a 65 72 75 73 61 |ed by th|e Jerusa| |00001e10| 6c 65 6d 20 76 69 72 75 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 64 69 |lem viru|s and di| |00001e20| 73 69 6e 66 65 63 74 65 | 64 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e |sinfecte|d the in| |00001e30| 66 65 63 74 65 64 0a 20 | 20 20 20 66 69 6c 65 73 |fected. | files| |00001e40| 20 77 69 74 68 20 6d 79 | 20 66 61 76 6f 72 69 74 | with my| favorit| |00001e50| 65 20 61 6e 74 69 2d 76 | 69 72 75 73 20 70 72 6f |e anti-v|irus pro| |00001e60| 67 72 61 6d 2e 20 20 48 | 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 |gram. H|owever, | |00001e70| 57 6f 72 64 70 65 72 66 | 65 63 74 0a 20 20 20 20 |Wordperf|ect. | |00001e80| 61 6e 64 20 73 6f 6d 65 | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 70 |and some| other p| |00001e90| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 | 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 72 65 |rograms |still re| |00001ea0| 66 75 73 65 20 74 6f 20 | 77 6f 72 6b 2e 20 20 57 |fuse to |work. W| |00001eb0| 68 79 3f 0a 47 32 29 20 | 49 20 77 61 73 20 74 6f |hy?.G2) |I was to| |00001ec0| 6c 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 53 74 6f 6e |ld that |the Ston| |00001ed0| 65 64 20 76 69 72 75 73 | 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 |ed virus| display| |00001ee0| 73 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 | 78 74 20 22 59 6f 75 72 |s the te|xt "Your| |00001ef0| 20 50 43 20 69 73 20 6e | 6f 77 0a 20 20 20 20 53 | PC is n|ow. S| |00001f00| 74 6f 6e 65 64 22 20 61 | 74 20 62 6f 6f 74 20 74 |toned" a|t boot t| |00001f10| 69 6d 65 2e 20 20 49 20 | 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 65 |ime. I |have bee| |00001f20| 6e 20 69 6e 66 65 63 74 | 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 |n infect|ed by th| |00001f30| 69 73 20 76 69 72 75 73 | 20 73 65 76 65 72 61 6c |is virus| several| |00001f40| 0a 20 20 20 20 74 69 6d | 65 73 2c 20 62 75 74 20 |. tim|es, but | |00001f50| 68 61 76 65 20 6e 65 76 | 65 72 20 73 65 65 6e 20 |have nev|er seen | |00001f60| 74 68 65 20 6d 65 73 73 | 61 67 65 2e 20 20 57 68 |the mess|age. Wh| |00001f70| 79 3f 0a 47 33 29 20 49 | 20 77 61 73 20 69 6e 66 |y?.G3) I| was inf| |00001f80| 65 63 74 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 62 6f 74 68 20 53 74 |ected by| both St| |00001f90| 6f 6e 65 64 20 61 6e 64 | 20 4d 69 63 68 65 6c 61 |oned and| Michela| |00001fa0| 6e 67 65 6c 6f 2e 20 20 | 57 68 79 20 68 61 73 20 |ngelo. |Why has | |00001fb0| 6d 79 0a 20 20 20 20 63 | 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 20 |my. c|omputer | |00001fc0| 62 65 63 61 6d 65 20 75 | 6e 62 6f 6f 74 61 62 6c |became u|nbootabl| |00001fd0| 65 3f 20 20 41 6e 64 20 | 77 68 79 2c 20 65 61 63 |e? And |why, eac| |00001fe0| 68 20 74 69 6d 65 20 49 | 20 72 75 6e 20 6d 79 20 |h time I| run my | |00001ff0| 66 61 76 6f 72 69 74 65 | 0a 20 20 20 20 73 63 61 |favorite|. sca| |00002000| 6e 6e 65 72 2c 20 64 6f | 65 73 20 69 74 20 66 69 |nner, do|es it fi| |00002010| 6e 64 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 76 69 |nd one o|f the vi| |00002020| 72 75 73 65 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 73 61 79 20 74 68 |ruses an|d say th| |00002030| 61 74 20 69 74 20 69 73 | 0a 20 20 20 20 72 65 6d |at it is|. rem| |00002040| 6f 76 65 64 2c 20 62 75 | 74 20 77 68 65 6e 20 49 |oved, bu|t when I| |00002050| 20 72 75 6e 20 69 74 20 | 61 67 61 69 6e 2c 20 69 | run it |again, i| |00002060| 74 20 73 61 79 73 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 |t says t|hat the | |00002070| 76 69 72 75 73 20 69 73 | 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 0a 20 |virus is| still. | |00002080| 20 20 20 74 68 65 72 65 | 3f 0a 0a 0a 3d 3d 3d 3d | there|?...====| |00002090| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========| |000020a0| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========| |000020b0| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========| |000020c0| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 0a 3d 20 53 |========|====.= S| |000020d0| 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 41 | 2e 20 20 20 53 6f 75 72 |ection A|. Sour| |000020e0| 63 65 73 20 6f 66 20 49 | 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 |ces of I|nformati| |000020f0| 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 41 | 6e 74 69 2d 76 69 72 61 |on and A|nti-vira| |00002100| 6c 20 53 6f 66 74 77 61 | 72 65 2e 20 3d 0a 3d 3d |l Softwa|re. =.==| |00002110| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========| |00002120| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========| |00002130| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d |========|========| |00002140| 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 0a 0a |========|======..| |00002150| 41 31 29 20 57 68 61 74 | 20 69 73 20 56 49 52 55 |A1) What| is VIRU| |00002160| 53 2d 4c 2f 63 6f 6d 70 | 2e 76 69 72 75 73 3f 0a |S-L/comp|.virus?.| |00002170| 0a 49 74 20 69 73 20 61 | 20 64 69 73 63 75 73 73 |.It is a| discuss| |00002180| 69 6f 6e 20 66 6f 72 75 | 6d 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 |ion foru|m with a| |00002190| 20 66 6f 63 75 73 20 6f | 6e 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 | focus o|n comput| |000021a0| 65 72 20 76 69 72 75 73 | 20 69 73 73 75 65 73 2e |er virus| issues.| |000021b0| 20 20 4d 6f 72 65 0a 73 | 70 65 63 69 66 69 63 61 | More.s|pecifica| |000021c0| 6c 6c 79 2c 20 56 49 52 | 55 53 2d 4c 20 69 73 20 |lly, VIR|US-L is | |000021d0| 61 6e 20 65 6c 65 63 74 | 72 6f 6e 69 63 20 6d 61 |an elect|ronic ma| |000021e0| 69 6c 69 6e 67 20 6c 69 | 73 74 20 61 6e 64 20 63 |iling li|st and c| |000021f0| 6f 6d 70 2e 76 69 72 75 | 73 20 69 73 0a 61 20 55 |omp.viru|s is.a U| |00002200| 53 45 4e 45 54 20 6e 65 | 77 73 67 72 6f 75 70 2e |SENET ne|wsgroup.| |00002210| 20 20 42 6f 74 68 20 67 | 72 6f 75 70 73 20 61 72 | Both g|roups ar| |00002220| 65 20 6d 6f 64 65 72 61 | 74 65 64 3b 20 61 6c 6c |e modera|ted; all| |00002230| 20 73 75 62 6d 69 73 73 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 | submiss|ions are| |00002240| 0a 73 65 6e 74 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 64 |.sent to| the mod| |00002250| 65 72 61 74 6f 72 20 66 | 6f 72 20 70 6f 73 73 69 |erator f|or possi| |00002260| 62 6c 65 20 69 6e 63 6c | 75 73 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e |ble incl|usion in| |00002270| 20 74 68 65 20 67 72 6f | 75 70 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 | the gro|up. For| |00002280| 20 6d 6f 72 65 0a 69 6e | 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f | more.in|formatio| |00002290| 6e 2c 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 | 64 69 6e 67 20 61 20 63 |n, inclu|ding a c| |000022a0| 6f 70 79 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 6f 73 74 69 |opy of t|he posti| |000022b0| 6e 67 20 67 75 69 64 65 | 6c 69 6e 65 73 2c 20 73 |ng guide|lines, s| |000022c0| 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 66 | 69 6c 65 0a 76 69 72 75 |ee the f|ile.viru| |000022d0| 73 2d 6c 2e 52 45 41 44 | 4d 45 2c 20 61 76 61 69 |s-l.READ|ME, avai| |000022e0| 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 62 79 | 20 61 6e 6f 6e 79 6d 6f |lable by| anonymo| |000022f0| 75 73 20 46 54 50 20 6f | 6e 20 63 65 72 74 2e 6f |us FTP o|n cert.o| |00002300| 72 67 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 0a 70 75 62 2f 76 69 |rg in th|e.pub/vi| |00002310| 72 75 73 2d 6c 20 64 69 | 72 65 63 74 6f 72 79 2e |rus-l di|rectory.| |00002320| 20 20 28 46 54 50 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 49 6e | (FTP i|s the In| |00002330| 74 65 72 6e 65 74 20 46 | 69 6c 65 20 54 72 61 6e |ternet F|ile Tran| |00002340| 73 66 65 72 20 50 72 6f | 74 6f 63 6f 6c 2c 0a 61 |sfer Pro|tocol,.a| |00002350| 6e 64 20 69 73 20 64 65 | 73 63 72 69 62 65 64 20 |nd is de|scribed | |00002360| 69 6e 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 | 64 65 74 61 69 6c 20 69 |in more |detail i| |00002370| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f | 6e 74 68 6c 79 20 56 49 |n the mo|nthly VI| |00002380| 52 55 53 2d 4c 2f 63 6f | 6d 70 2e 76 69 72 75 73 |RUS-L/co|mp.virus| |00002390| 0a 61 72 63 68 69 76 65 | 20 70 6f 73 74 69 6e 67 |.archive| posting| |000023a0| 73 20 2d 20 73 65 65 20 | 62 65 6c 6f 77 2e 29 0a |s - see |below.).| |000023b0| 0a 4e 6f 74 65 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 74 68 65 72 65 |.Note th|at there| |000023c0| 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 | 65 6e 2c 20 66 72 6f 6d | have be|en, from| |000023d0| 20 74 69 6d 65 20 74 6f | 20 74 69 6d 65 2c 20 6f | time to| time, o| |000023e0| 74 68 65 72 20 55 53 45 | 4e 45 54 0a 63 72 6f 73 |ther USE|NET.cros| |000023f0| 73 2d 70 6f 73 74 69 6e | 67 73 20 6f 66 20 56 49 |s-postin|gs of VI| |00002400| 52 55 53 2d 4c 2c 20 69 | 6e 63 6c 75 64 69 6e 67 |RUS-L, i|ncluding| |00002410| 20 74 68 65 20 62 69 74 | 2e 6c 69 73 74 73 65 72 | the bit|.listser| |00002420| 76 2e 76 69 72 75 73 2d | 6c 2e 20 20 54 68 65 73 |v.virus-|l. Thes| |00002430| 65 0a 67 72 6f 75 70 73 | 20 61 72 65 20 67 65 6e |e.groups| are gen| |00002440| 65 72 61 6c 6c 79 20 73 | 65 74 20 75 70 20 62 79 |erally s|et up by| |00002450| 20 69 6e 64 69 76 69 64 | 75 61 6c 20 73 69 74 65 | individ|ual site| |00002460| 20 6d 61 69 6e 74 61 69 | 6e 65 72 73 20 61 6e 64 | maintai|ners and| |00002470| 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 | 0a 61 73 20 67 6c 6f 62 | are not|.as glob| |00002480| 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 63 63 | 65 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 |ally acc|essible | |00002490| 61 73 20 56 49 52 55 53 | 2d 4c 20 61 6e 64 20 63 |as VIRUS|-L and c| |000024a0| 6f 6d 70 2e 76 69 72 75 | 73 2e 0a 0a 0a 41 32 29 |omp.viru|s....A2)| |000024b0| 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 66 | What is| the dif| |000024c0| 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 | 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 |ference |between | |000024d0| 56 49 52 55 53 2d 4c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 6d 70 |VIRUS-L |and comp| |000024e0| 2e 76 69 72 75 73 3f 0a | 0a 41 73 20 6d 65 6e 74 |.virus?.|.As ment| |000024f0| 69 6f 6e 65 64 20 61 62 | 6f 76 65 2c 20 56 49 52 |ioned ab|ove, VIR| |00002500| 55 53 2d 4c 20 69 73 20 | 61 20 6d 61 69 6c 69 6e |US-L is |a mailin| |00002510| 67 20 6c 69 73 74 20 61 | 6e 64 20 63 6f 6d 70 2e |g list a|nd comp.| |00002520| 76 69 72 75 73 20 69 73 | 20 61 0a 6e 65 77 73 67 |virus is| a.newsg| |00002530| 72 6f 75 70 2e 20 20 49 | 6e 20 61 64 64 69 74 69 |roup. 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Th| |00002c50| 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 6e | 6f 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 |ere is n|o direct| |00002c60| 20 55 53 45 4e 45 54 0a | 63 6f 75 6e 74 65 72 70 | USENET.|counterp| |00002c70| 61 72 74 20 74 6f 20 56 | 41 4c 45 52 54 2d 4c 3b |art to V|ALERT-L;| |00002c80| 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 61 | 20 6d 61 69 6c 69 6e 67 | it is a| mailing| |00002c90| 20 6c 69 73 74 20 6f 6e | 6c 79 2e 20 20 41 6c 6c | list on|ly. All| |00002ca0| 20 56 41 4c 45 52 54 2d | 4c 0a 70 6f 73 74 69 6e | VALERT-|L.postin| |00002cb0| 67 73 20 61 72 65 20 72 | 65 2d 64 69 73 74 72 69 |gs are r|e-distri| |00002cc0| 62 75 74 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 56 49 52 55 53 2d 4c |buted to| VIRUS-L| |00002cd0| 2f 63 6f 6d 70 2e 76 69 | 72 75 73 20 6c 61 74 65 |/comp.vi|rus late| |00002ce0| 72 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 67 72 6f 75 70 0a 69 |r. 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Unfo|rtunatel| |00003280| 79 2c 20 74 68 65 20 44 | 4f 53 20 73 65 63 74 69 |y, the D|OS secti| |00003290| 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 71 75 | 69 74 65 20 69 6e 63 6f |on is qu|ite inco| |000032a0| 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 2e 20 | 20 54 68 65 20 43 56 43 |mplete. | The CVC| |000032b0| 0a 69 73 20 61 76 61 69 | 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 66 6f |.is avai|lable fo| |000032c0| 72 20 61 6e 6f 6e 79 6d | 6f 75 73 20 46 54 50 20 |r anonym|ous FTP | |000032d0| 66 72 6f 6d 20 66 74 70 | 2e 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 |from ftp|.informa| |000032e0| 74 69 6b 2e 75 6e 69 2d | 68 61 6d 62 75 72 67 2e |tik.uni-|hamburg.| |000032f0| 64 65 0a 28 49 50 3d 31 | 33 34 2e 31 30 30 2e 34 |de.(IP=1|34.100.4| |00003300| 2e 34 32 29 2c 20 64 69 | 72 65 63 74 6f 72 79 20 |.42), di|rectory | |00003310| 70 75 62 2f 76 69 72 75 | 73 2f 74 65 78 74 73 2f |pub/viru|s/texts/| |00003320| 63 61 74 61 6c 6f 67 2e | 20 20 28 41 20 63 6f 70 |catalog.| (A cop| |00003330| 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 0a 43 56 43 20 69 73 20 |y of the|.CVC is | |00003340| 61 6c 73 6f 20 61 76 61 | 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 62 |also ava|ilable b| |00003350| 79 20 61 6e 6f 6e 79 6d | 6f 75 73 20 46 54 50 20 |y anonym|ous FTP | |00003360| 6f 6e 20 63 65 72 74 2e | 6f 72 67 20 69 6e 20 74 |on cert.|org in t| |00003370| 68 65 0a 70 75 62 2f 76 | 69 72 75 73 2d 6c 2f 64 |he.pub/v|irus-l/d| |00003380| 6f 63 73 2f 76 74 63 20 | 64 69 72 65 63 74 6f 72 |ocs/vtc |director| |00003390| 79 2e 29 0a 0a 41 20 74 | 68 69 72 64 20 73 6f 75 |y.)..A t|hird sou| |000033a0| 72 63 65 20 6f 66 20 69 | 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 |rce of i|nformati| |000033b0| 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 6d 6f 6e 74 68 6c |on is th|e monthl| |000033c0| 79 20 56 69 72 75 73 20 | 42 75 6c 6c 65 74 69 6e |y Virus |Bulletin| |000033d0| 2c 20 70 75 62 6c 69 73 | 68 65 64 0a 69 6e 20 74 |, publis|hed.in t| |000033e0| 68 65 20 55 4b 2e 20 20 | 41 6d 6f 6e 67 20 6f 74 |he UK. |Among ot| |000033f0| 68 65 72 20 74 68 69 6e | 67 73 2c 20 69 74 20 67 |her thin|gs, it g| |00003400| 69 76 65 73 20 64 65 74 | 61 69 6c 65 64 20 74 65 |ives det|ailed te| |00003410| 63 68 6e 69 63 61 6c 0a | 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 |chnical.|informat| |00003420| 69 6f 6e 20 6f 6e 20 76 | 69 72 75 73 65 73 20 28 |ion on v|iruses (| |00003430| 73 65 65 20 61 6c 73 6f | 20 41 39 20 62 65 6c 6f |see also| A9 belo| |00003440| 77 29 2e 20 20 55 6e 66 | 6f 72 74 75 6e 61 74 65 |w). 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"pro|gram".an| |00004cb0| 64 20 22 6d 6f 64 69 66 | 79 22 29 20 61 20 62 69 |d "modif|y") a bi| |00004cc0| 74 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 | 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 66 72 |t differ|ently fr| |00004cd0| 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 61 79 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 |om the w|ay most | |00004ce0| 61 6e 74 69 2d 76 69 72 | 75 73 0a 72 65 73 65 61 |anti-vir|us.resea| |00004cf0| 72 63 68 65 72 73 20 75 | 73 65 20 74 68 65 6d 2c |rchers u|se them,| |00004d00| 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6c 61 | 73 73 69 66 69 65 73 20 | and cla|ssifies | |00004d10| 61 73 20 76 69 72 75 73 | 65 73 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 |as virus|es some | |00004d20| 74 68 69 6e 67 73 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 6d 6f 73 |things w|hich mos| |00004d30| 74 0a 6f 66 20 75 73 20 | 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 6e 6f |t.of us |would no| |00004d40| 74 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 | 65 72 20 76 69 72 75 73 |t consid|er virus| |00004d50| 65 73 2e 0a 0a 4d 61 6e | 79 20 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 |es...Man|y people| |00004d60| 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 74 65 72 6d 20 6c 6f | use the| term lo| |00004d70| 6f 73 65 6c 79 20 74 6f | 20 63 6f 76 65 72 20 61 |osely to| cover a| |00004d80| 6e 79 20 73 6f 72 74 20 | 6f 66 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |ny sort |of progr| |00004d90| 61 6d 20 74 68 61 74 0a | 74 72 69 65 73 20 74 6f |am that.|tries to| |00004da0| 20 68 69 64 65 20 69 74 | 73 20 28 6d 61 6c 69 63 | hide it|s (malic| |00004db0| 69 6f 75 73 29 20 66 75 | 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 |ious) fu|nction a| |00004dc0| 6e 64 20 74 72 69 65 73 | 20 74 6f 20 73 70 72 65 |nd tries| to spre| |00004dd0| 61 64 20 6f 6e 74 6f 20 | 61 73 0a 6d 61 6e 79 20 |ad onto |as.many | |00004de0| 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 | 73 20 61 73 20 70 6f 73 |computer|s as pos| |00004df0| 73 69 62 6c 65 2e 20 20 | 28 53 65 65 20 74 68 65 |sible. |(See the| |00004e00| 20 64 65 66 69 6e 69 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 22 | definit|ion of "| |00004e10| 54 72 6f 6a 61 6e 22 2e | 29 20 20 42 65 0a 61 77 |Trojan".|) Be.aw| |00004e20| 61 72 65 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 77 68 61 74 20 63 6f |are that| what co| |00004e30| 6e 73 74 69 74 75 74 65 | 73 20 61 20 22 70 72 6f |nstitute|s a "pro| |00004e40| 67 72 61 6d 22 20 66 6f | 72 20 61 20 76 69 72 75 |gram" fo|r a viru| |00004e50| 73 20 74 6f 20 69 6e 66 | 65 63 74 20 6d 61 79 0a |s to inf|ect may.| |00004e60| 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 20 | 61 20 6c 6f 74 20 6d 6f |include |a lot mo| |00004e70| 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 | 69 73 20 61 74 20 66 69 |re than |is at fi| |00004e80| 72 73 74 20 6f 62 76 69 | 6f 75 73 20 2d 20 64 6f |rst obvi|ous - do| |00004e90| 6e 27 74 20 61 73 73 75 | 6d 65 20 74 6f 6f 20 6d |n't assu|me too m| |00004ea0| 75 63 68 0a 61 62 6f 75 | 74 20 77 68 61 74 20 61 |uch.abou|t what a| |00004eb0| 20 76 69 72 75 73 20 63 | 61 6e 20 6f 72 20 63 61 | virus c|an or ca| |00004ec0| 6e 27 74 20 64 6f 21 0a | 0a 54 68 65 73 65 20 73 |n't do!.|.These s| |00004ed0| 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 | 22 70 72 61 6e 6b 73 22 |oftware |"pranks"| |00004ee0| 20 61 72 65 20 76 65 72 | 79 20 73 65 72 69 6f 75 | are ver|y seriou| |00004ef0| 73 3b 20 74 68 65 79 20 | 61 72 65 20 73 70 72 65 |s; they |are spre| |00004f00| 61 64 69 6e 67 20 66 61 | 73 74 65 72 0a 74 68 61 |ading fa|ster.tha| |00004f10| 6e 20 74 68 65 79 20 61 | 72 65 20 62 65 69 6e 67 |n they a|re being| |00004f20| 20 73 74 6f 70 70 65 64 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 65 76 | stopped|, and ev| |00004f30| 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6c | 65 61 73 74 20 68 61 72 |en the l|east har| |00004f40| 6d 66 75 6c 20 6f 66 20 | 76 69 72 75 73 65 73 0a |mful of |viruses.| |00004f50| 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 | 20 66 61 74 61 6c 2e 20 |could be| fatal. | |00004f60| 20 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 | 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 61 20 | For exa|mple, a | |00004f70| 76 69 72 75 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 73 74 6f 70 73 |virus th|at stops| |00004f80| 20 79 6f 75 72 20 63 6f | 6d 70 75 74 65 72 20 61 | your co|mputer a| |00004f90| 6e 64 0a 64 69 73 70 6c | 61 79 73 20 61 20 6d 65 |nd.displ|ays a me| |00004fa0| 73 73 61 67 65 2c 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f |ssage, i|n the co| |00004fb0| 6e 74 65 78 74 20 6f 66 | 20 61 20 68 6f 73 70 69 |ntext of| a hospi| |00004fc0| 74 61 6c 20 6c 69 66 65 | 2d 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 |tal life|-support| |00004fd0| 0a 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 | 72 2c 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 |.compute|r, could| |00004fe0| 20 62 65 20 66 61 74 61 | 6c 2e 20 20 45 76 65 6e | be fata|l. Even| |00004ff0| 20 74 68 6f 73 65 20 77 | 68 6f 20 63 72 65 61 74 | those w|ho creat| |00005000| 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 76 | 69 72 75 73 65 73 20 63 |ed the v|iruses c| |00005010| 6f 75 6c 64 0a 6e 6f 74 | 20 73 74 6f 70 20 74 68 |ould.not| stop th| |00005020| 65 6d 20 69 66 20 74 68 | 65 79 20 77 61 6e 74 65 |em if th|ey wante| |00005030| 64 20 74 6f 3b 20 69 74 | 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 |d to; it| require| |00005040| 73 20 61 20 63 6f 6e 63 | 65 72 74 65 64 20 65 66 |s a conc|erted ef| |00005050| 66 6f 72 74 20 66 72 6f | 6d 0a 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 |fort fro|m.comput| |00005060| 65 72 20 75 73 65 72 73 | 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 22 |er users| to be "| |00005070| 76 69 72 75 73 2d 61 77 | 61 72 65 22 2c 20 72 61 |virus-aw|are", ra| |00005080| 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 61 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 69 67 |ther tha|n the ig| |00005090| 6e 6f 72 61 6e 63 65 20 | 61 6e 64 0a 61 6d 62 69 |norance |and.ambi| |000050a0| 76 61 6c 65 6e 63 65 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 68 61 76 |valence |that hav| |000050b0| 65 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 65 | 64 20 74 68 65 6d 20 74 |e allowe|d them t| |000050c0| 6f 20 67 72 6f 77 20 74 | 6f 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 |o grow t|o such a| |000050d0| 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d | 2e 0a 0a 0a 42 32 29 20 | problem|....B2) | |000050e0| 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 | 61 20 54 72 6f 6a 61 6e |What is |a Trojan| |000050f0| 20 48 6f 72 73 65 3f 0a | 0a 41 20 54 52 4f 4a 41 | Horse?.|.A TROJA| |00005100| 4e 20 48 4f 52 53 45 20 | 69 73 20 61 20 70 72 6f |N HORSE |is a pro| |00005110| 67 72 61 6d 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 64 6f 65 73 20 73 |gram tha|t does s| |00005120| 6f 6d 65 74 68 69 6e 67 | 20 75 6e 64 6f 63 75 6d |omething| undocum| |00005130| 65 6e 74 65 64 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 74 68 65 0a |ented wh|ich the.| |00005140| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d | 65 72 20 69 6e 74 65 6e |programm|er inten| |00005150| 64 65 64 2c 20 62 75 74 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 |ded, but| that th| |00005160| 65 20 75 73 65 72 20 77 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 6e 6f 74 |e user w|ould not| |00005170| 20 61 70 70 72 6f 76 65 | 20 6f 66 20 69 66 20 68 | approve| of if h| |00005180| 65 20 6b 6e 65 77 0a 61 | 62 6f 75 74 20 69 74 2e |e knew.a|bout it.| |00005190| 20 20 41 63 63 6f 72 64 | 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 73 | Accord|ing to s| |000051a0| 6f 6d 65 20 70 65 6f 70 | 6c 65 2c 20 61 20 76 69 |ome peop|le, a vi| |000051b0| 72 75 73 20 69 73 20 61 | 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 |rus is a| particu| |000051c0| 6c 61 72 20 63 61 73 65 | 20 6f 66 20 61 0a 54 72 |lar case| of a.Tr| |000051d0| 6f 6a 61 6e 20 48 6f 72 | 73 65 2c 20 6e 61 6d 65 |ojan Hor|se, name| |000051e0| 6c 79 20 6f 6e 65 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 |ly one w|hich is | |000051f0| 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 | 73 70 72 65 61 64 20 74 |able to |spread t| |00005200| 6f 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 |o other |programs| |00005210| 0a 28 69 2e 65 2e 2c 20 | 69 74 20 74 75 72 6e 73 |.(i.e., |it turns| |00005220| 20 74 68 65 6d 20 69 6e | 74 6f 20 54 72 6f 6a 61 | them in|to Troja| |00005230| 6e 73 20 74 6f 6f 29 2e | 20 20 41 63 63 6f 72 64 |ns too).| Accord| |00005240| 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 6f | 74 68 65 72 73 2c 20 61 |ing to o|thers, a| |00005250| 20 76 69 72 75 73 0a 74 | 68 61 74 20 64 6f 65 73 | virus.t|hat does| |00005260| 20 6e 6f 74 20 64 6f 20 | 61 6e 79 20 64 65 6c 69 | not do |any deli| |00005270| 62 65 72 61 74 65 20 64 | 61 6d 61 67 65 20 28 6f |berate d|amage (o| |00005280| 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 61 | 6e 20 6d 65 72 65 6c 79 |ther tha|n merely| |00005290| 20 72 65 70 6c 69 63 61 | 74 69 6e 67 29 0a 69 73 | replica|ting).is| |000052a0| 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 20 54 | 72 6f 6a 61 6e 2e 20 20 | not a T|rojan. | |000052b0| 46 69 6e 61 6c 6c 79 2c | 20 64 65 73 70 69 74 65 |Finally,| despite| |000052c0| 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 66 | 69 6e 69 74 69 6f 6e 73 | the def|initions| |000052d0| 2c 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 70 | 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 75 73 |, many p|eople us| |000052e0| 65 0a 74 68 65 20 74 65 | 72 6d 20 22 54 72 6f 6a |e.the te|rm "Troj| |000052f0| 61 6e 22 20 74 6f 20 72 | 65 66 65 72 20 6f 6e 6c |an" to r|efer onl| |00005300| 79 20 74 6f 20 61 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65 |of virus|es. The| |000053d0| 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 63 | 6c 61 73 73 0a 63 6f 6e | first c|lass.con| |000053e0| 73 69 73 74 73 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 46 49 4c |sists of| the FIL| |000053f0| 45 20 49 4e 46 45 43 54 | 4f 52 53 20 77 68 69 63 |E INFECT|ORS whic| |00005400| 68 20 61 74 74 61 63 68 | 20 74 68 65 6d 73 65 6c |h attach| themsel| |00005410| 76 65 73 20 74 6f 20 6f | 72 64 69 6e 61 72 79 0a |ves to o|rdinary.| |00005420| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 | 66 69 6c 65 73 2e 20 20 |program |files. | |00005430| 54 68 65 73 65 20 75 73 | 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 69 6e |These us|ually in| |00005440| 66 65 63 74 20 61 72 62 | 69 74 72 61 72 79 20 2e |fect arb|itrary .| |00005450| 43 4f 4d 20 61 6e 64 2f | 6f 72 20 2e 45 58 45 0a |COM and/|or .EXE.| |00005460| 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 | 2c 20 74 68 6f 75 67 68 |programs|, though| |00005470| 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 63 61 | 6e 20 69 6e 66 65 63 74 | some ca|n infect| |00005480| 20 61 6e 79 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 20 66 6f 72 | any pro|gram for| |00005490| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 65 | 78 65 63 75 74 69 6f 6e | which e|xecution| |000054a0| 20 69 73 0a 72 65 71 75 | 65 73 74 65 64 2c 20 73 | is.requ|ested, s| |000054b0| 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 2e | 53 59 53 2c 20 2e 4f 56 |uch as .|SYS, .OV| |000054c0| 4c 2c 20 2e 50 52 47 2c | 20 26 20 2e 4d 4e 55 20 |L, .PRG,| & .MNU | |000054d0| 66 69 6c 65 73 2e 0a 0a | 46 69 6c 65 20 69 6e 66 |files...|File inf| |000054e0| 65 63 74 6f 72 73 20 63 | 61 6e 20 62 65 20 65 69 |ectors c|an be ei| |000054f0| 74 68 65 72 20 44 49 52 | 45 43 54 20 41 43 54 49 |ther DIR|ECT ACTI| |00005500| 4f 4e 20 6f 72 20 52 45 | 53 49 44 45 4e 54 2e 20 |ON or RE|SIDENT. | |00005510| 20 41 20 64 69 72 65 63 | 74 2d 0a 61 63 74 69 6f | A direc|t-.actio| |00005520| 6e 20 76 69 72 75 73 20 | 73 65 6c 65 63 74 73 20 |n virus |selects | |00005530| 6f 6e 65 20 6f 72 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 6f 74 68 65 |one or m|ore othe| |00005540| 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 | 6d 73 20 74 6f 20 69 6e |r progra|ms to in| |00005550| 66 65 63 74 20 65 61 63 | 68 20 74 69 6d 65 0a 74 |fect eac|h time.t| |00005560| 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 20 77 68 69 63 68 |he progr|am which| |00005570| 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e | 73 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 | contain|s it is | |00005580| 65 78 65 63 75 74 65 64 | 2e 20 20 41 20 72 65 73 |executed|. A res| |00005590| 69 64 65 6e 74 20 76 69 | 72 75 73 20 68 69 64 65 |ident vi|rus hide| |000055a0| 73 0a 69 74 73 65 6c 66 | 20 73 6f 6d 65 77 68 65 |s.itself| somewhe| |000055b0| 72 65 20 69 6e 20 6d 65 | 6d 6f 72 79 20 74 68 65 |re in me|mory the| |000055c0| 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 74 | 69 6d 65 20 61 6e 20 69 | first t|ime an i| |000055d0| 6e 66 65 63 74 65 64 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 |nfected |program | |000055e0| 69 73 0a 65 78 65 63 75 | 74 65 64 2c 20 61 6e 64 |is.execu|ted, and| |000055f0| 20 74 68 65 72 65 61 66 | 74 65 72 20 69 6e 66 65 | thereaf|ter infe| |00005600| 63 74 73 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |cts othe|r progra| |00005610| 6d 73 20 77 68 65 6e 20 | 2a 74 68 65 79 2a 20 61 |ms when |*they* a| |00005620| 72 65 0a 65 78 65 63 75 | 74 65 64 20 28 61 73 20 |re.execu|ted (as | |00005630| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 61 73 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |in the c|ase of t| |00005640| 68 65 20 4a 65 72 75 73 | 61 6c 65 6d 29 20 6f 72 |he Jerus|alem) or| |00005650| 20 77 68 65 6e 20 63 65 | 72 74 61 69 6e 20 6f 74 | when ce|rtain ot| |00005660| 68 65 72 0a 63 6f 6e 64 | 69 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 |her.cond|itions a| |00005670| 72 65 20 66 75 6c 66 69 | 6c 6c 65 64 2e 20 20 54 |re fulfi|lled. T| |00005680| 68 65 20 56 69 65 6e 6e | 61 20 69 73 20 61 6e 20 |he Vienn|a is an | |00005690| 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 | 6f 66 20 61 20 64 69 72 |example |of a dir| |000056a0| 65 63 74 2d 61 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 0a 76 69 72 75 73 |ect-acti|on.virus| |000056b0| 2e 20 20 4d 6f 73 74 20 | 6f 74 68 65 72 20 76 69 |. Most |other vi| |000056c0| 72 75 73 65 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 72 65 73 69 64 65 |ruses ar|e reside| |000056d0| 6e 74 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 | 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 |nt...The| second | |000056e0| 63 61 74 65 67 6f 72 79 | 20 69 73 20 53 59 53 54 |category| is SYST| |000056f0| 45 4d 20 6f 72 20 42 4f | 4f 54 2d 52 45 43 4f 52 |EM or BO|OT-RECOR| |00005700| 44 20 49 4e 46 45 43 54 | 4f 52 53 3a 20 74 68 6f |D INFECT|ORS: tho| |00005710| 73 65 20 76 69 72 75 73 | 65 73 0a 77 68 69 63 68 |se virus|es.which| |00005720| 20 69 6e 66 65 63 74 20 | 65 78 65 63 75 74 61 62 | infect |executab| |00005730| 6c 65 20 63 6f 64 65 20 | 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 69 6e |le code |found in| |00005740| 20 63 65 72 74 61 69 6e | 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 | certain| system | |00005750| 61 72 65 61 73 20 6f 6e | 20 61 20 64 69 73 6b 0a |areas on| a disk.| |00005760| 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 72 | 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 6f 72 |which ar|e not or| |00005770| 64 69 6e 61 72 79 20 66 | 69 6c 65 73 2e 20 20 20 |dinary f|iles. | |00005780| 4f 6e 20 44 4f 53 20 73 | 79 73 74 65 6d 73 2c 20 |On DOS s|ystems, | |00005790| 74 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 | 65 20 6f 72 64 69 6e 61 |there ar|e ordina| |000057a0| 72 79 0a 62 6f 6f 74 2d | 73 65 63 74 6f 72 20 76 |ry.boot-|sector v| |000057b0| 69 72 75 73 65 73 2c 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 6e |iruses, |which in| |000057c0| 66 65 63 74 20 6f 6e 6c | 79 20 74 68 65 20 44 4f |fect onl|y the DO| |000057d0| 53 20 62 6f 6f 74 20 73 | 65 63 74 6f 72 2c 20 61 |S boot s|ector, a| |000057e0| 6e 64 20 4d 42 52 0a 76 | 69 72 75 73 65 73 20 77 |nd MBR.v|iruses w| |000057f0| 68 69 63 68 20 69 6e 66 | 65 63 74 20 74 68 65 20 |hich inf|ect the | |00005800| 4d 61 73 74 65 72 20 42 | 6f 6f 74 20 52 65 63 6f |Master B|oot Reco| |00005810| 72 64 20 6f 6e 20 66 69 | 78 65 64 20 64 69 73 6b |rd on fi|xed disk| |00005820| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 | 65 20 44 4f 53 0a 62 6f |s and th|e DOS.bo| |00005830| 6f 74 20 73 65 63 74 6f | 72 20 6f 6e 20 64 69 73 |ot secto|r on dis| |00005840| 6b 65 74 74 65 73 2e 20 | 20 45 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 |kettes. | Example| |00005850| 73 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 | 65 20 42 72 61 69 6e 2c |s includ|e Brain,| |00005860| 20 53 74 6f 6e 65 64 2c | 20 45 6d 70 69 72 65 2c | Stoned,| Empire,| |00005870| 0a 41 7a 75 73 61 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 4d 69 63 68 |.Azusa, |and Mich| |00005880| 65 6c 61 6e 67 65 6c 6f | 2e 20 20 53 75 63 68 20 |elangelo|. Such | |00005890| 76 69 72 75 73 65 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 61 6c 77 61 |viruses |are alwa| |000058a0| 79 73 20 72 65 73 69 64 | 65 6e 74 20 76 69 72 75 |ys resid|ent viru| |000058b0| 73 65 73 2e 0a 0a 46 69 | 6e 61 6c 6c 79 2c 20 61 |ses...Fi|nally, a| |000058c0| 20 66 65 77 20 76 69 72 | 75 73 65 73 20 61 72 65 | few vir|uses are| |000058d0| 20 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f | 20 69 6e 66 65 63 74 20 | able to| infect | |000058e0| 62 6f 74 68 20 28 74 68 | 65 20 54 65 71 75 69 6c |both (th|e Tequil| |000058f0| 61 20 76 69 72 75 73 20 | 69 73 0a 6f 6e 65 20 65 |a virus |is.one e| |00005900| 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 29 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 |xample).| These | |00005910| 61 72 65 20 6f 66 74 65 | 6e 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 |are ofte|n called| |00005920| 20 22 4d 55 4c 54 49 2d | 50 41 52 54 49 54 45 22 | "MULTI-|PARTITE"| |00005930| 20 76 69 72 75 73 65 73 | 2c 20 74 68 6f 75 67 68 | viruses|, though| |00005940| 0a 74 68 65 72 65 20 68 | 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 |.there h|as been | |00005950| 63 72 69 74 69 63 69 73 | 6d 20 6f 66 20 74 68 69 |criticis|m of thi| |00005960| 73 20 6e 61 6d 65 3b 20 | 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 20 |s name; |another | |00005970| 6e 61 6d 65 20 69 73 20 | 22 42 4f 4f 54 2d 41 4e |name is |"BOOT-AN| |00005980| 44 2d 46 49 4c 45 22 0a | 76 69 72 75 73 2e 0a 0a |D-FILE".|virus...| |00005990| 46 49 4c 45 20 53 59 53 | 54 45 4d 20 6f 72 20 43 |FILE SYS|TEM or C| |000059a0| 4c 55 53 54 45 52 20 76 | 69 72 75 73 65 73 20 28 |LUSTER v|iruses (| |000059b0| 65 2e 67 2e 20 44 69 72 | 2d 49 49 29 20 61 72 65 |e.g. Dir|-II) are| |000059c0| 20 74 68 6f 73 65 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 6d 6f 64 | those w|hich mod| |000059d0| 69 66 79 0a 64 69 72 65 | 63 74 6f 72 79 20 74 61 |ify.dire|ctory ta| |000059e0| 62 6c 65 20 65 6e 74 72 | 69 65 73 20 73 6f 20 74 |ble entr|ies so t| |000059f0| 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 76 69 72 75 73 20 69 73 |hat the |virus is| |00005a00| 20 6c 6f 61 64 65 64 20 | 61 6e 64 20 65 78 65 63 | loaded |and exec| |00005a10| 75 74 65 64 0a 62 65 66 | 6f 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 |uted.bef|ore the | |00005a20| 64 65 73 69 72 65 64 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 |desired |program | |00005a30| 69 73 2e 20 20 4e 6f 74 | 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 |is. Not|e that t| |00005a40| 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 20 69 74 73 65 6c |he progr|am itsel| |00005a50| 66 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 | 0a 70 68 79 73 69 63 61 |f is not|.physica| |00005a60| 6c 6c 79 20 61 6c 74 65 | 72 65 64 2c 20 6f 6e 6c |lly alte|red, onl| |00005a70| 79 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 | 72 65 63 74 6f 72 79 20 |y the di|rectory | |00005a80| 65 6e 74 72 79 20 69 73 | 2e 20 20 53 6f 6d 65 20 |entry is|. Some | |00005a90| 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 72 | 20 74 68 65 73 65 0a 69 |consider| these.i| |00005aa0| 6e 66 65 63 74 6f 72 73 | 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 61 |nfectors| to be a| |00005ab0| 20 74 68 69 72 64 20 63 | 61 74 65 67 6f 72 79 20 | third c|ategory | |00005ac0| 6f 66 20 76 69 72 75 73 | 65 73 2c 20 77 68 69 6c |of virus|es, whil| |00005ad0| 65 20 6f 74 68 65 72 73 | 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 |e others| conside| |00005ae0| 72 0a 74 68 65 6d 20 74 | 6f 20 62 65 20 61 20 73 |r.them t|o be a s| |00005af0| 75 62 2d 63 61 74 65 67 | 6f 72 79 20 6f 66 20 74 |ub-categ|ory of t| |00005b00| 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 | 69 6e 66 65 63 74 6f 72 |he file |infector| |00005b10| 73 2e 0a 0a 0a 42 34 29 | 20 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 |s....B4)| What is| |00005b20| 20 61 20 73 74 65 61 6c | 74 68 20 76 69 72 75 73 | a steal|th virus| |00005b30| 3f 0a 0a 41 20 53 54 45 | 41 4c 54 48 20 76 69 72 |?..A STE|ALTH vir| |00005b40| 75 73 20 69 73 20 6f 6e | 65 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |us is on|e which | |00005b50| 68 69 64 65 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 6d 6f 64 69 66 69 |hides th|e modifi| |00005b60| 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 69 74 20 68 61 73 20 6d |cations |it has m| |00005b70| 61 64 65 20 69 6e 0a 74 | 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 |ade in.t|he file | |00005b80| 6f 72 20 62 6f 6f 74 20 | 72 65 63 6f 72 64 2c 20 |or boot |record, | |00005b90| 75 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 | 62 79 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 |usually |by monit| |00005ba0| 6f 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d |oring th|e system| |00005bb0| 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f | 6e 73 0a 75 73 65 64 20 | functio|ns.used | |00005bc0| 62 79 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 73 20 74 6f 20 72 |by progr|ams to r| |00005bd0| 65 61 64 20 66 69 6c 65 | 73 20 6f 72 20 70 68 79 |ead file|s or phy| |00005be0| 73 69 63 61 6c 20 62 6c | 6f 63 6b 73 20 66 72 6f |sical bl|ocks fro| |00005bf0| 6d 20 73 74 6f 72 61 67 | 65 20 6d 65 64 69 61 2c |m storag|e media,| |00005c00| 0a 61 6e 64 20 66 6f 72 | 67 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |.and for|ging the| |00005c10| 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 73 | 20 6f 66 20 73 75 63 68 | results| of such| |00005c20| 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 | 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e | system |function| |00005c30| 73 20 73 6f 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |s so tha|t progra| |00005c40| 6d 73 0a 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 74 72 79 20 74 6f 20 |ms.which| try to | |00005c50| 72 65 61 64 20 74 68 65 | 73 65 20 61 72 65 61 73 |read the|se areas| |00005c60| 20 73 65 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 61 | see the| origina| |00005c70| 6c 20 75 6e 69 6e 66 65 | 63 74 65 64 20 66 6f 72 |l uninfe|cted for| |00005c80| 6d 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 0a 66 69 6c 65 20 69 6e |m of the|.file in| |00005c90| 73 74 65 61 64 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 61 63 74 |stead of| the act| |00005ca0| 75 61 6c 20 69 6e 66 65 | 63 74 65 64 20 66 6f 72 |ual infe|cted for| |00005cb0| 6d 2e 20 54 68 75 73 20 | 74 68 65 20 76 69 72 61 |m. Thus |the vira| |00005cc0| 6c 20 6d 6f 64 69 66 69 | 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 0a |l modifi|cations.| |00005cd0| 67 6f 20 75 6e 64 65 74 | 65 63 74 65 64 20 62 79 |go undet|ected by| |00005ce0| 20 61 6e 74 69 2d 76 69 | 72 61 6c 20 70 72 6f 67 | anti-vi|ral prog| |00005cf0| 72 61 6d 73 2e 20 20 48 | 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 |rams. H|owever, | |00005d00| 69 6e 20 6f 72 64 65 72 | 20 74 6f 20 64 6f 20 74 |in order| to do t| |00005d10| 68 69 73 2c 0a 74 68 65 | 20 76 69 72 75 73 20 6d |his,.the| virus m| |00005d20| 75 73 74 20 62 65 20 72 | 65 73 69 64 65 6e 74 20 |ust be r|esident | |00005d30| 69 6e 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 | 79 20 77 68 65 6e 20 74 |in memor|y when t| |00005d40| 68 65 20 61 6e 74 69 2d | 76 69 72 61 6c 20 70 72 |he anti-|viral pr| |00005d50| 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 69 73 | 0a 65 78 65 63 75 74 65 |ogram is|.execute| |00005d60| 64 2e 0a 0a 45 78 61 6d | 70 6c 65 3a 20 54 68 65 |d...Exam|ple: The| |00005d70| 20 76 65 72 79 20 66 69 | 72 73 74 20 44 4f 53 20 | very fi|rst DOS | |00005d80| 76 69 72 75 73 2c 20 42 | 72 61 69 6e 2c 20 61 20 |virus, B|rain, a | |00005d90| 62 6f 6f 74 2d 73 65 63 | 74 6f 72 20 69 6e 66 65 |boot-sec|tor infe| |00005da0| 63 74 6f 72 2c 0a 6d 6f | 6e 69 74 6f 72 73 20 70 |ctor,.mo|nitors p| |00005db0| 68 79 73 69 63 61 6c 20 | 64 69 73 6b 20 49 2f 4f |hysical |disk I/O| |00005dc0| 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 2d | 64 69 72 65 63 74 73 20 | and re-|directs | |00005dd0| 61 6e 79 20 61 74 74 65 | 6d 70 74 20 74 6f 20 72 |any atte|mpt to r| |00005de0| 65 61 64 20 61 0a 42 72 | 61 69 6e 2d 69 6e 66 65 |ead a.Br|ain-infe| |00005df0| 63 74 65 64 20 62 6f 6f | 74 20 73 65 63 74 6f 72 |cted boo|t sector| |00005e00| 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 | 64 69 73 6b 20 61 72 65 | to the |disk are| |00005e10| 61 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 6f 72 69 67 |a where |the orig| |00005e20| 69 6e 61 6c 20 62 6f 6f | 74 0a 73 65 63 74 6f 72 |inal boo|t.sector| |00005e30| 20 69 73 20 73 74 6f 72 | 65 64 2e 20 20 54 68 65 | is stor|ed. The| |00005e40| 20 6e 65 78 74 20 76 69 | 72 75 73 65 73 20 74 6f | next vi|ruses to| |00005e50| 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 74 65 63 68 6e 69 | use thi|s techni| |00005e60| 71 75 65 20 77 65 72 65 | 20 74 68 65 0a 66 69 6c |que were| the.fil| |00005e70| 65 20 69 6e 66 65 63 74 | 6f 72 73 20 4e 75 6d 62 |e infect|ors Numb| |00005e80| 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 42 65 61 73 74 20 |er of th|e Beast | |00005e90| 61 6e 64 20 46 72 6f 64 | 6f 20 28 3d 20 34 30 39 |and Frod|o (= 409| |00005ea0| 36 20 3d 20 34 4b 29 2e | 0a 0a 43 6f 75 6e 74 65 |6 = 4K).|..Counte| |00005eb0| 72 6d 65 61 73 75 72 65 | 73 3a 20 41 20 22 63 6c |rmeasure|s: A "cl| |00005ec0| 65 61 6e 22 20 73 79 73 | 74 65 6d 20 69 73 20 6e |ean" sys|tem is n| |00005ed0| 65 65 64 65 64 20 73 6f | 20 74 68 61 74 20 6e 6f |eeded so| that no| |00005ee0| 20 76 69 72 75 73 20 69 | 73 0a 70 72 65 73 65 6e | virus i|s.presen| |00005ef0| 74 20 74 6f 20 64 69 73 | 74 6f 72 74 20 74 68 65 |t to dis|tort the| |00005f00| 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 73 | 2e 20 20 54 68 75 73 20 | results|. Thus | |00005f10| 74 68 65 20 73 79 73 74 | 65 6d 20 73 68 6f 75 6c |the syst|em shoul| |00005f20| 64 20 62 65 20 62 75 69 | 6c 74 20 66 72 6f 6d 0a |d be bui|lt from.| |00005f30| 61 20 74 72 75 73 74 65 | 64 2c 20 63 6c 65 61 6e |a truste|d, clean| |00005f40| 20 6d 61 73 74 65 72 20 | 63 6f 70 79 20 62 65 66 | master |copy bef| |00005f50| 6f 72 65 20 61 6e 79 20 | 76 69 72 75 73 2d 63 68 |ore any |virus-ch| |00005f60| 65 63 6b 69 6e 67 20 69 | 73 20 61 74 74 65 6d 70 |ecking i|s attemp| |00005f70| 74 65 64 3b 0a 74 68 69 | 73 20 69 73 20 22 54 68 |ted;.thi|s is "Th| |00005f80| 65 20 47 6f 6c 64 65 6e | 20 52 75 6c 65 20 6f 66 |e Golden| Rule of| |00005f90| 20 74 68 65 20 54 72 61 | 64 65 2e 22 20 20 57 69 | the Tra|de." Wi| |00005fa0| 74 68 20 44 4f 53 2c 20 | 28 31 29 20 62 6f 6f 74 |th DOS, |(1) boot| |00005fb0| 20 66 72 6f 6d 0a 6f 72 | 69 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 44 | from.or|iginal D| |00005fc0| 4f 53 20 64 69 73 6b 65 | 74 74 65 73 20 28 69 2e |OS diske|ttes (i.| |00005fd0| 65 2e 20 44 4f 53 20 53 | 74 61 72 74 75 70 2f 50 |e. DOS S|tartup/P| |00005fe0| 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 64 | 69 73 6b 65 74 74 65 73 |rogram d|iskettes| |00005ff0| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 0a | 6d 61 6a 6f 72 20 76 65 | from a.|major ve| |00006000| 6e 64 6f 72 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 |ndor tha|t have b| |00006010| 65 65 6e 20 77 72 69 74 | 65 2d 70 72 6f 74 65 63 |een writ|e-protec| |00006020| 74 65 64 20 73 69 6e 63 | 65 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 |ted sinc|e their | |00006030| 63 72 65 61 74 69 6f 6e | 29 3b 0a 28 32 29 20 75 |creation|);.(2) u| |00006040| 73 65 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 | 74 6f 6f 6c 73 20 66 72 |se only |tools fr| |00006050| 6f 6d 20 6f 72 69 67 69 | 6e 61 6c 20 64 69 73 6b |om origi|nal disk| |00006060| 65 74 74 65 73 20 75 6e | 74 69 6c 20 76 69 72 75 |ettes un|til viru| |00006070| 73 2d 63 68 65 63 6b 69 | 6e 67 20 68 61 73 0a 63 |s-checki|ng has.c| |00006080| 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 64 | 2e 0a 0a 0a 42 35 29 20 |ompleted|....B5) | |00006090| 57 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 | 61 20 70 6f 6c 79 6d 6f |What is |a polymo| |000060a0| 72 70 68 69 63 20 76 69 | 72 75 73 3f 0a 0a 41 20 |rphic vi|rus?..A | |000060b0| 50 4f 4c 59 4d 4f 52 50 | 48 49 43 20 76 69 72 75 |POLYMORP|HIC viru| |000060c0| 73 20 69 73 20 6f 6e 65 | 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 70 |s is one| which p| |000060d0| 72 6f 64 75 63 65 73 20 | 76 61 72 69 65 64 20 28 |roduces |varied (| |000060e0| 79 65 74 20 66 75 6c 6c | 79 0a 6f 70 65 72 61 74 |yet full|y.operat| |000060f0| 69 6f 6e 61 6c 29 20 63 | 6f 70 69 65 73 20 6f 66 |ional) c|opies of| |00006100| 20 69 74 73 65 6c 66 2c | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | itself,| in the | |00006110| 68 6f 70 65 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 76 69 72 75 73 20 |hope tha|t virus | |00006120| 73 63 61 6e 6e 65 72 73 | 20 28 73 65 65 0a 44 31 |scanners| (see.D1| |00006130| 29 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6e | 6f 74 20 62 65 20 61 62 |) will n|ot be ab| |00006140| 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 64 65 | 74 65 63 74 20 61 6c 6c |le to de|tect all| |00006150| 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6e 63 | 65 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | instanc|es of th| |00006160| 65 20 76 69 72 75 73 2e | 0a 0a 4f 6e 65 20 6d 65 |e virus.|..One me| |00006170| 74 68 6f 64 20 74 6f 20 | 65 76 61 64 65 20 73 69 |thod to |evade si| |00006180| 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 2d | 64 72 69 76 65 6e 20 76 |gnature-|driven v| |00006190| 69 72 75 73 20 73 63 61 | 6e 6e 65 72 73 20 69 73 |irus sca|nners is| |000061a0| 20 73 65 6c 66 2d 65 6e | 63 72 79 70 74 69 6f 6e | self-en|cryption| |000061b0| 0a 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 | 76 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 |.with a |variable| |000061c0| 20 6b 65 79 3b 20 68 6f | 77 65 76 65 72 20 74 68 | key; ho|wever th| |000061d0| 65 73 65 20 76 69 72 75 | 73 65 73 20 28 65 2e 67 |ese viru|ses (e.g| |000061e0| 2e 20 43 61 73 63 61 64 | 65 29 20 61 72 65 20 6e |. 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A| signatu| |000063e0| 72 65 2d 64 72 69 76 65 | 6e 20 76 69 72 75 73 20 |re-drive|n virus | |000063f0| 73 63 61 6e 6e 65 72 0a | 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 68 61 |scanner.|would ha| +--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+ Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.