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- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // File: Matrices.cpp
- //
- // Desc: Now that we know how to create a device and render some 2D vertices,
- // this tutorial goes the next step and renders 3D geometry. To deal with
- // 3D geometry we need to introduce the use of 4x4 matrices to transform
- // the geometry with translations, rotations, scaling, and setting up our
- // camera.
- //
- // Geometry is defined in model space. We can move it (translation),
- // rotate it (rotation), or stretch it (scaling) using a world transform.
- // The geometry is then said to be in world space. Next, we need to
- // position the camera, or eye point, somewhere to look at the geometry.
- // Another transform, via the view matrix, is used, to position and
- // rotate our view. With the geometry then in view space, our last
- // transform is the projection transform, which "projects" the 3D scene
- // into our 2D viewport.
- //
- // Note that in this tutorial, we are introducing the use of D3DX, which
- // is a set of helper utilities for D3D. In this case, we are using some
- // of D3DX's useful matrix initialization functions. To use D3DX, simply
- // include <d3dx8.h> and link with d3dx8.lib.
- //
- // Copyright (c) 2000-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- #include <d3dx8.h>
- #include <mmsystem.h>
-
-
-
-
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // Global variables
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- LPDIRECT3D8 g_pD3D = NULL; // Used to create the D3DDevice
- LPDIRECT3DDEVICE8 g_pd3dDevice = NULL; // Our rendering device
- LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER8 g_pVB = NULL; // Buffer to hold vertices
-
- // A structure for our custom vertex type
- struct CUSTOMVERTEX
- {
- FLOAT x, y, z; // The untransformed, 3D position for the vertex
- DWORD color; // The vertex color
- };
-
- // Our custom FVF, which describes our custom vertex structure
- #define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZ|D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)
-
-
-
-
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // Name: InitD3D()
- // Desc: Initializes Direct3D
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- HRESULT InitD3D( HWND hWnd )
- {
- // Create the D3D object.
- if( NULL == ( g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate8( D3D_SDK_VERSION ) ) )
- return E_FAIL;
-
- // Get the current desktop display mode, so we can set up a back
- // buffer of the same format
- D3DDISPLAYMODE d3ddm;
- if( FAILED( g_pD3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &d3ddm ) ) )
- return E_FAIL;
-
- // Set up the structure used to create the D3DDevice
- D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
- ZeroMemory( &d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp) );
- d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
- d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
- d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = d3ddm.Format;
-
- // Create the D3DDevice
- if( FAILED( g_pD3D->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd,
- D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
- &d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice ) ) )
- {
- return E_FAIL;
- }
-
- // Turn off culling, so we see the front and back of the triangle
- g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE );
-
- // Turn off D3D lighting, since we are providing our own vertex colors
- g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE );
-
- return S_OK;
- }
-
-
-
-
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // Name: InitGeometry()
- // Desc: Creates the scene geometry
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- HRESULT InitGeometry()
- {
- // Initialize three vertices for rendering a triangle
- CUSTOMVERTEX g_Vertices[] =
- {
- { -1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f, 0xffff0000, },
- { 1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f, 0xff0000ff, },
- { 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0xffffffff, },
- };
-
- // Create the vertex buffer.
- if( FAILED( g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 3*sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX),
- 0, D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX,
- D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pVB ) ) )
- {
- return E_FAIL;
- }
-
- // Fill the vertex buffer.
- VOID* pVertices;
- if( FAILED( g_pVB->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_Vertices), (BYTE**)&pVertices, 0 ) ) )
- return E_FAIL;
- memcpy( pVertices, g_Vertices, sizeof(g_Vertices) );
- g_pVB->Unlock();
-
- return S_OK;
- }
-
-
-
-
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // Name: Cleanup()
- // Desc: Releases all previously initialized objects
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- VOID Cleanup()
- {
- if( g_pVB != NULL )
- g_pVB->Release();
-
- if( g_pd3dDevice != NULL )
- g_pd3dDevice->Release();
-
- if( g_pD3D != NULL )
- g_pD3D->Release();
- }
-
-
-
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // Name: SetupMatrices()
- // Desc: Sets up the world, view, and projection transform matrices.
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- VOID SetupMatrices()
- {
- // For our world matrix, we will just rotate the object about the y-axis.
- D3DXMATRIX matWorld;
- D3DXMatrixRotationY( &matWorld, timeGetTime()/150.0f );
- g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD, &matWorld );
-
- // Set up our view matrix. A view matrix can be defined given an eye point,
- // a point to lookat, and a direction for which way is up. Here, we set the
- // eye five units back along the z-axis and up three units, look at the
- // origin, and define "up" to be in the y-direction.
- D3DXMATRIX matView;
- D3DXMatrixLookAtLH( &matView, &D3DXVECTOR3( 0.0f, 3.0f,-5.0f ),
- &D3DXVECTOR3( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ),
- &D3DXVECTOR3( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ) );
- g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_VIEW, &matView );
-
- // For the projection matrix, we set up a perspective transform (which
- // transforms geometry from 3D view space to 2D viewport space, with
- // a perspective divide making objects smaller in the distance). To build
- // a perpsective transform, we need the field of view (1/4 pi is common),
- // the aspect ratio, and the near and far clipping planes (which define at
- // what distances geometry should be no longer be rendered).
- D3DXMATRIX matProj;
- D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &matProj, D3DX_PI/4, 1.0f, 1.0f, 100.0f );
- g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_PROJECTION, &matProj );
- }
-
-
-
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // Name: Render()
- // Desc: Draws the scene
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- VOID Render()
- {
- // Clear the backbuffer to a black color
- g_pd3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,0), 1.0f, 0 );
-
- // Begin the scene
- g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();
-
- // Setup the world, view, and projection matrices
- SetupMatrices();
-
- // Render the vertex buffer contents
- g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pVB, sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX) );
- g_pd3dDevice->SetVertexShader( D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX );
- g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 1 );
-
- // End the scene
- g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
-
- // Present the backbuffer contents to the display
- g_pd3dDevice->Present( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );
- }
-
-
-
-
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // Name: MsgProc()
- // Desc: The window's message handler
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- LRESULT WINAPI MsgProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
- {
- switch( msg )
- {
- case WM_DESTROY:
- PostQuitMessage( 0 );
- return 0;
- }
-
- return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam );
- }
-
-
-
-
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // Name: WinMain()
- // Desc: The application's entry point
- //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- INT WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, INT )
- {
- // Register the window class
- WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, MsgProc, 0L, 0L,
- GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
- "D3D Tutorial", NULL };
- RegisterClassEx( &wc );
-
- // Create the application's window
- HWND hWnd = CreateWindow( "D3D Tutorial", "D3D Tutorial 03: Matrices",
- WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 256, 256,
- GetDesktopWindow(), NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL );
-
- // Initialize Direct3D
- if( SUCCEEDED( InitD3D( hWnd ) ) )
- {
- // Create the scene geometry
- if( SUCCEEDED( InitGeometry() ) )
- {
- // Show the window
- ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT );
- UpdateWindow( hWnd );
-
- // Enter the message loop
- MSG msg;
- ZeroMemory( &msg, sizeof(msg) );
- while( msg.message!=WM_QUIT )
- {
- if( PeekMessage( &msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE ) )
- {
- TranslateMessage( &msg );
- DispatchMessage( &msg );
- }
- else
- Render();
- }
- }
- }
-
- // Clean up everything and exit the app
- Cleanup();
- UnregisterClass( "D3D Tutorial", wc.hInstance );
- return 0;
- }
-
-
-
-