home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
PC World 2005 December
/
PCWorld_2005-12_cd.bin
/
software
/
vyzkuste
/
trikyhackeru
/
trikyhackeru.exe
/
ethereal-setup-0.10.13.exe
/
help
/
faq.txt
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
2005-10-12
|
100KB
|
2,173 lines
The Ethereal FAQ
Note: This is just an ASCII snapshot of the faq and may not be up to
date. Please go to http://www.ethereal.com/faq.html for the up
to date version. The version of this snapshot can be found at
the end of this document.
INDEX
1. General Questions:
1.1 Where can I get help?
1.2 How much does Ethereal cost?
1.3 Can I use Ethereal commercially?
1.4 Can I use Ethereal as part of my commercial product?
1.5 What protocols are currently supported?
1.6 Are there any plans to support {your favorite protocol}?
1.7 Can Ethereal read capture files from {your favorite network analyzer}?
1.8 What devices can Ethereal use to capture packets?
1.9 How do you pronounce Ethereal? Where did the name come from?
2. Downloading Ethereal:
2.1 I downloaded the Win32 installer, but when I try to run it, I get an
error.
2.2 When I try to download the WinPcap driver and library, I can't get to
the WinPcap Web site.
3. Installing Ethereal:
3.1 I installed an Ethereal RPM, but Ethereal doesn't seem to be installed;
only Tethereal is installed.
4. Building Ethereal:
4.1 The configure script can't find pcap.h or bpf.h, but I have libpcap
installed.
4.2 Why do I get the error
dftest_DEPENDENCIES was already defined in condition TRUE, which implies
condition HAVE_PLUGINS_TRUE
when I try to build Ethereal from SVN or a SVN snapshot?
4.3 The link fails with a number of "Output line too long." messages
followed by linker errors.
4.4 The link fails on Solaris because plugin_list is undefined.
4.5 The build fails on Windows because of conflicts between winsock.h and
winsock2.h.
5. Using Ethereal:
5.1 When I use Ethereal to capture packets, I see only packets to and from
my machine, or I'm not seeing all the traffic I'm expecting to see from or
to the machine I'm trying to monitor.
5.2 I can't see any TCP packets other than packets to and from my machine,
even though another analyzer on the network sees those packets.
5.3 I'm only seeing ARP packets when I try to capture traffic.
5.4 I'm running Ethereal on Windows; why does some network interface on my
machine not show up in the list of interfaces in the "Interface:" field in
the dialog box popped up by "Capture->Start", and/or why does Ethereal give
me an error if I try to capture on that interface?
5.5 I'm running Ethereal on Windows; why do no network interfaces show up in
the list of interfaces in the "Interface:" field in the dialog box popped up
by "Capture->Start"?
5.6 I'm running Ethereal on Windows; why doesn't my serial port/ADSL
modem/ISDN modem show up in the list of interfaces in the "Interface:" field
in the dialog box popped up by "Capture->Start"?
5.7 I'm running Ethereal on a UNIX-flavored OS; why does some network
interface on my machine not show up in the list of interfaces in the
"Interface:" field in the dialog box popped up by "Capture->Start", and/or
why does Ethereal give me an error if I try to capture on that interface?
5.8 I'm running Ethereal on a UNIX-flavored OS; why do no network interfaces
show up in the list of interfaces in the "Interface:" field in the dialog
box popped up by "Capture->Start"?
5.9 Can Ethereal capture on (my T1/E1 line, SS7 links, etc.)?
5.10 How do I put an interface into promiscuous mode?
5.11 I can set a display filter just fine, but capture filters don't work.
5.12 I'm entering valid capture filters, but I still get "parse error"
errors.
5.13 I saved a filter and tried to use its name to filter the display, but I
got an "Unexpected end of filter string" error.
5.14 Why am I seeing lots of packets with incorrect TCP checksums?
5.15 I've just installed Ethereal, and the traffic on my local LAN is
boring.
5.16 When I run Ethereal on Solaris 8, it dies with a Bus Error when I start
it.
5.17 When I run Ethereal, I get an error
Gtk-CRITICAL **: file gtkwindow.c: line 3107 (gtk_window_resize):
assertion `height > 0' failed.
5.18 When I run Tethereal with the "-x" option, it crashes with an error
"** ERROR **: file print.c: line 691 (print_line): should not be reached.
5.19 When I run Ethereal on Windows NT, it dies with a Dr. Watson error,
reporting an "Integer division by zero" exception, when I start it.
5.20 When I try to run Ethereal, it complains about sprint_realloc_objid
being undefined.
5.21 I'm running Ethereal on Linux; why do my time stamps have only 100ms
resolution, rather than 1us resolution?
5.22 I'm capturing packets on {Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me}; why are
the time stamps on packets wrong?
5.23 When I try to run Ethereal on Windows, it fails to run because it can't
find packet.dll.
5.24 I'm running Ethereal on Windows NT 4.0/Windows 2000/Windows XP/Windows
Server 2003; my machine has a PPP (dial-up POTS, ISDN, etc.) interface, and
it shows up in the "Interface" item in the "Capture Options" dialog box. Why
can no packets be sent on or received from that network while I'm trying to
capture traffic on that interface?
5.25 I'm running Ethereal on Windows 95/98/Me, on a machine with more than
one network adapter of the same type; Ethereal shows all of those adapters
with the same name, but I can't use any of those adapters other than the
first one.
5.26 I'm running Ethereal on Windows, and I'm not seeing any traffic being
sent by the machine running Ethereal.
5.27 I'm trying to capture traffic but I'm not seeing any.
5.28 I have an XXX network card on my machine; if I try to capture on it, my
machine crashes or resets itself.
5.29 My machine crashes or resets itself when I select "Start" from the
"Capture" menu or select "Preferences" from the "Edit" menu.
5.30 Does Ethereal work on Windows Me?
5.31 Does Ethereal work on Windows XP?
5.32 Why doesn't Ethereal correctly identify RTP packets? It shows them only
as UDP.
5.33 Why doesn't Ethereal show Yahoo Messenger packets in captures that
contain Yahoo Messenger traffic?
5.34 Why do I get the error
Gdk-ERROR **: Palettized display (256-colour) mode not supported on
Windows.
aborting....
when I try to run Ethereal on Windows?
5.35 When I capture on Windows in promiscuous mode, I can see packets other
than those sent to or from my machine; however, those packets show up with a
"Short Frame" indication, unlike packets to or from my machine. What should
I do to arrange that I see those packets in their entirety?
5.36 I'm capturing packets on a machine on a VLAN; why don't the packets I'm
capturing have VLAN tags?
5.37 How can I capture raw 802.11 frames, including non-data (management,
beacon) frames?
5.38 How do I capture on an 802.11 device in monitor mode?
5.39 I'm trying to capture 802.11 traffic on Windows; why am I not seeing
any packets?
5.40 I'm trying to capture 802.11 traffic on Windows; why am I seeing
packets received by the machine on which I'm capturing traffic, but not
packets sent by that machine?
5.41 How can I capture packets with CRC errors?
5.42 How can I capture entire frames, including the FCS?
5.43 Why does Ethereal hang after I stop a capture?
5.44 How can I search for, or filter, packets that have a particular string
anywhere in them?
5.45 How do I filter a capture to see traffic for virus XXX?
1. General Questions
Q 1.1: Where can I get help?
A: Support is available on the ethereal-users mailing list. Subscription
information and archives for all of Ethereal's mailing lists can be found at
http://www.ethereal.com/lists
Q 1.2: How much does Ethereal cost?
A: Ethereal is "free software"; you can download it without paying any
license fee. The version of Ethereal you download isn't a "demo" version,
with limitations not present in a "full" version; it is the full version.
The license under which Ethereal is issued is the GNU General Public
License. See the GNU GPL FAQ for some more information.
Q 1.3: Can I use Ethereal commercially?
A: Yes, if, for example, you mean "I work for a commercial organization; can
I use Ethereal to capture and analyze network traffic in our company's
networks or in our customer's networks?"
If you mean "Can I use Ethereal as part of my commercial product?", see the
next entry in the FAQ.
Q 1.4: Can I use Ethereal as part of my commercial product?
A: As noted, Ethereal is licensed under the GNU General Public License. The
GPL imposes conditions on your use of GPL'ed code in your own products; you
cannot, for example, make a "derived work" from Ethereal, by making
modifications to it, and then sell the resulting derived work and not allow
recipients to give away the resulting work. You must also make the changes
you've made to the Ethereal source available to all recipients of your
modified version; those changes must also be licensed under the terms of the
GPL. See the GPL FAQ for more details; in particular, note the answer to the
question about modifying a GPLed program and selling it commercially, and
the question about linking GPLed code with other code to make a proprietary
program.
You can combine a GPLed program such as Ethereal and a commercial program as
long as they communicate "at arm's length", as per this item in the GPL FAQ.
Q 1.5: What protocols are currently supported?
A: There are currently 706 supported protocols and media, listed below.
Descriptions can be found in the ethereal(1) man page.
3Com XNS Encapsulation
3GPP2 A11
802.1Q Virtual LAN
802.1X Authentication
AAL type 2 signalling protocol - Capability set 1 (Q.2630.1)
ACN
ACSE
AFS (4.0) Replication Server call declarations
AIM Administrative
AIM Advertisements
AIM Buddylist Service
AIM Chat Navigation
AIM Chat Service
AIM Directory Search
AIM E-mail
AIM Generic Service
AIM ICQ
AIM Invitation Service
AIM Location
AIM Messaging
AIM OFT
AIM Popup
AIM Privacy Management Service
AIM Server Side Info
AIM Server Side Themes
AIM Signon
AIM Statistics
AIM Translate
AIM User Lookup
ANSI A-I/F BSMAP
ANSI A-I/F DTAP
ANSI IS-637-A (SMS) Teleservice Layer
ANSI IS-637-A (SMS) Transport Layer
ANSI IS-683-A (OTA (Mobile))
ANSI IS-801 (Location Services (PLD))
ANSI Mobile Application Part
AOL Instant Messenger
ARCNET
ASN.1 decoding
ATAoverEthernet
ATM
ATM AAL1
ATM AAL3/4
ATM LAN Emulation
ATM OAM AAL
AVS WLAN Capture header
AX/4000 Test Block
Active Directory Setup
Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol
Adaptive Multi-Rate
Address Resolution Protocol
AgentX
Aggregate Server Access Protocol
Alert Standard Forum
Alteon - Transparent Proxy Cache Protocol
Andrew File System (AFS)
Apache JServ Protocol v1.3
Apple Filing Protocol
Apple IP-over-IEEE 1394
AppleTalk Session Protocol
AppleTalk Transaction Protocol packet
Appletalk Address Resolution Protocol
Application Configuration Access Protocol
Art-Net
Aruba - Aruba Discovery Protocol
Async data over ISDN (V.120)
Asynchronous Layered Coding
AudioCodes Trunk Trace
Authentication Header
BACnet Virtual Link Control
BEA Tuxedo
BSSAP/BSAP
Banyan Vines ARP
Banyan Vines Echo
Banyan Vines Fragmentation Protocol
Banyan Vines ICP
Banyan Vines IP
Banyan Vines IPC
Banyan Vines LLC
Banyan Vines RTP
Banyan Vines SPP
Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol
Basic Encoding Rules (ASN.1 X.690)
Bearer Independent Call Control
Bi-directional Fault Detection Control Message
BitTorrent
Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol
Blubster/Piolet MANOLITO Protocol
Boardwalk
Boot Parameters
Bootstrap Protocol
Border Gateway Protocol
Building Automation and Control Network APDU
Building Automation and Control Network NPDU
CBAPhysicalDevice
CCSDS
CDS Clerk Server Calls
CSM_ENCAPS
Camel
Cast Client Control Protocol
Certificate Management Protocol
Certificate Request Message Format
Check Point High Availability Protocol
Checkpoint FW-1
Cisco Auto-RP
Cisco Discovery Protocol
Cisco Group Management Protocol
Cisco HDLC
Cisco Hot Standby Router Protocol
Cisco ISL
Cisco Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
Cisco NetFlow
Cisco SLARP
Cisco Session Management
Clearcase NFS
CoSine IPNOS L2 debug output
Common Industrial Protocol
Common Open Policy Service
Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) Browsing Protocol
Compuserve GIF
Configuration Test Protocol (loopback)
Connectionless Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Coseventcomm Dissector Using GIOP API
Cosnaming Dissector Using GIOP API
Cross Point Frame Injector
Cryptographic Message Syntax
DCE Distributed Time Service Local Server
DCE Distributed Time Service Provider
DCE Name Service
DCE RPC
DCE Security ID Mapper
DCE/DFS BUDB
DCE/RPC BOS Server
DCE/RPC BUTC
DCE/RPC CDS Solicitation
DCE/RPC Conversation Manager
DCE/RPC Directory Acl Interface
DCE/RPC Endpoint Mapper
DCE/RPC Endpoint Mapper v4
DCE/RPC FLDB
DCE/RPC FLDB UBIK TRANSFER
DCE/RPC FLDB UBIKVOTE
DCE/RPC ICL RPC
DCE/RPC Kerberos V
DCE/RPC NCS 1.5.1 Local Location Broker
DCE/RPC Operations between registry server replicas
DCE/RPC Prop Attr
DCE/RPC RS_ACCT
DCE/RPC RS_BIND
DCE/RPC RS_MISC
DCE/RPC RS_PROP_ACCT
DCE/RPC RS_UNIX
DCE/RPC Registry Password Management
DCE/RPC Registry Server Attributes Schema
DCE/RPC Registry server propagation interface - ACLs.
DCE/RPC Registry server propagation interface - PGO items
DCE/RPC Registry server propagation interface - properties and poli
cies
DCE/RPC Remote Management
DCE/RPC Repserver Calls
DCE/RPC TokenServer Calls
DCE/RPC UpServer
DCOM
DCOM IDispatch
DCOM IRemoteActivation
DCOM OXID Resolver
DEC DNA Routing Protocol
DEC Spanning Tree Protocol
DFS Calls
DG Gryphon Protocol
DHCP Failover
DHCPv6
DICOM
DLT_USER_A
DLT_USER_B
DLT_USER_C
DLT_USER_D
DNS Control Program Server
DOCSIS 1.1
DOCSIS Appendix C TLV's
DOCSIS Baseline Privacy Key Management Attributes
DOCSIS Baseline Privacy Key Management Request
DOCSIS Baseline Privacy Key Management Response
DOCSIS Dynamic Service Addition Acknowledge
DOCSIS Dynamic Service Addition Request
DOCSIS Dynamic Service Addition Response
DOCSIS Dynamic Service Change Acknowledgement
DOCSIS Dynamic Service Change Request
DOCSIS Dynamic Service Change Response
DOCSIS Dynamic Service Delete Request
DOCSIS Dynamic Service Delete Response
DOCSIS Initial Ranging Message
DOCSIS Mac Management
DOCSIS Range Request Message
DOCSIS Ranging Response
DOCSIS Registration Acknowledge
DOCSIS Registration Requests
DOCSIS Registration Responses
DOCSIS Upstream Bandwidth Allocation
DOCSIS Upstream Channel Change Request
DOCSIS Upstream Channel Change Response
DOCSIS Upstream Channel Descriptor
DOCSIS Upstream Channel Descriptor Type 29
DOCSIS Vendor Specific Endodings
DPNSS/DASS2-User Adaptation Layer
DRSUAPI
Data
Data Link SWitching
Data Stream Interface
Datagram Delivery Protocol
Decompressed SigComp message as raw text
Diameter Protocol
Digital Audio Access Protocol
Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
Distcc Distributed Compiler
Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse Protocol
Distributed Interactive Simulation
Distributed Network Protocol 3.0
Domain Name Service
Dynamic DNS Tools Protocol
Dynamic Trunking Protocol
ENTTEC
Echo
Encapsulating Security Payload
Endpoint Name Resolution Protocol
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
EtherNet/IP (Industrial Protocol)
Etheric
Ethernet
Ethernet over IP
Extended Security Services
Extensible Authentication Protocol
FC Extended Link Svc
FC Fabric Configuration Server
FCIP
FTAM
FTP Data
FTServer Operations
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel Common Transport
Fibre Channel Fabric Zone Server
Fibre Channel Name Server
Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI
Fibre Channel SW_ILS
Fibre Channel Security Protocol
Fibre Channel Single Byte Command
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Financial Information eXchange Protocol
Frame
Frame Relay
G.723
GARP Multicast Registration Protocol
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol
GPRS Network service
GPRS Tunneling Protocol
GSM A-I/F BSSMAP
GSM A-I/F DTAP
GSM A-I/F RP
GSM Mobile Application
GSM SMS TPDU (GSM 03.40)
GSM Short Message Service User Data
GSS-API Generic Security Service Application Program Interface
General Inter-ORB Protocol
Generic Routing Encapsulation
Gnutella Protocol
H.248 MEGACO
H221NonStandard
H235-SECURITY-MESSAGES
HP Extended Local-Link Control
HP Remote Maintenance Protocol
HP Switch Protocol
HP-UX Network Tracing and Logging
Hummingbird NFS Daemon
HyperSCSI
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
ICBAAccoCallback
ICBAAccoCallback2
ICBAAccoMgt
ICBAAccoMgt2
ICBAAccoServer
ICBAAccoServer2
ICBAAccoServerSRT
ICBAAccoSync
ICBABrowse
ICBABrowse2
ICBAGroupError
ICBAGroupErrorEvent
ICBALogicalDevice
ICBALogicalDevice2
ICBAPersist
ICBAPersist2
ICBAPhysicalDevice
ICBAPhysicalDevice2
ICBAPhysicalDevicePC
ICBAPhysicalDevicePCEvent
ICBARTAuto
ICBARTAuto2
ICBAState
ICBAStateEvent
ICBASystemProperties
ICBATime
ICQ Protocol
IEEE 802.11 Radiotap Capture header
IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN
IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN management frame
IEEE802a OUI Extended Ethertype
ILMI
INAP
IP Device Control (SS7 over IP)
IP Over FC
IP Payload Compression
IP Virtual Services Sync Daemon
IPX Message
IPX Routing Information Protocol
IPX WAN
IRemUnknown
IRemUnknown2
ISDN
ISDN Q.921-User Adaptation Layer
ISDN User Part
ISO 10589 ISIS InTRA Domain Routeing Information Exchange Protocol
ISO 8073 COTP Connection-Oriented Transport Protocol
ISO 8327-1 OSI Session Protocol
ISO 8473 CLNP ConnectionLess Network Protocol
ISO 8602 CLTP ConnectionLess Transport Protocol
ISO 8823 OSI Presentation Protocol
ISO 9542 ESIS Routeing Information Exchange Protocol
ISUP Thin Protocol
ISystemActivator ISystemActivator Resolver
ITU-T E.164 number
ITU-T Recommendation H.261
ITU-T Recommendation H.263 RTP Payload header (RFC2190)
InMon sFlow
Information Access Protocol
Intel ANS probe
Intelligent Platform Management Interface
Inter-Access-Point Protocol
Inter-Asterisk eXchange v2
InterSwitch Message Protocol
Interbase
Internet Cache Protocol
Internet Communications Engine Protocol
Internet Content Adaptation Protocol
Internet Control Message Protocol
Internet Control Message Protocol v6
Internet Group Management Protocol
Internet Group membership Authentication Protocol
Internet Message Access Protocol
Internet Printing Protocol
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol Version 6
Internet Relay Chat
Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol
Internetwork Datagram Protocol
Internetwork Packet eXchange
IrCOMM Protocol
IrDA Link Access Protocol
IrDA Link Management Protocol
JPEG File Interchange Format
JXTA Connection Welcome Message
JXTA Message
JXTA Message Framing
JXTA P2P
JXTA UDP
Jabber XML Messaging
Java RMI
Java Serialization
Juniper
K12xx
Kerberized Internet Negotiation of Key
Kerberos
Kerberos Administration
Kerberos v4
Kernel Lock Manager
LWAP Control Message
LWAPP Encapsulated Packet
LWAPP Layer 3 Packet
Label Distribution Protocol
Laplink
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
Light Weight DNS RESolver (BIND9)
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Line Printer Daemon Protocol
Line-based text data
Link Access Procedure Balanced (LAPB)
Link Access Procedure Balanced Ethernet (LAPBETHER)
Link Access Procedure, Channel D (LAPD)
Link Management Protocol (LMP)
Linux cooked-mode capture
Local Management Interface
LocalTalk Link Access Protocol
Log Message
Logical Link Control GPRS
Logical-Link Control
Logotype Certificate Extensions
Lucent/Ascend debug output
MAC Control
MAP_DialoguePDU
MDS Header
MEGACO
MIME Multipart Media Encapsulation
MMS
MMS Message Encapsulation
MS Kpasswd
MS Proxy Protocol
MSN Messenger Service
MSNIP: Multicast Source Notification of Interest Protocol
MTP 2 Transparent Proxy
MTP 2 User Adaptation Layer
MTP 3 User Adaptation Layer
MTP2 Peer Adaptation Layer
Media Gateway Control Protocol
Media Type
Media Type: message/http
Message Session Relay Protocol
Message Transfer Part Level 2
Message Transfer Part Level 3
Message Transfer Part Level 3 Management
Meta Analysis Tracing Engine
Microsoft Distributed File System
Microsoft Distributed Link Tracking Server Service
Microsoft Encrypted File System Service
Microsoft Eventlog Service
Microsoft Exchange MAPI
Microsoft File Replication Service
Microsoft File Replication Service API
Microsoft Local Security Architecture
Microsoft Media Server
Microsoft Messenger Service
Microsoft Network Logon
Microsoft Plug and Play service
Microsoft Registry
Microsoft Routing and Remote Access Service
Microsoft Security Account Manager
Microsoft Server Service
Microsoft Service Control
Microsoft Spool Subsystem
Microsoft Task Scheduler Service
Microsoft Telephony API Service
Microsoft Windows Browser Protocol
Microsoft Windows Lanman Remote API Protocol
Microsoft Windows Logon Protocol (Old)
Microsoft Workstation Service
Mobile IP
Mobile IPv6
Modbus/TCP
Monotone Netsync
Mount Service
MultiProtocol Label Switching Header
Multicast Router DISCovery protocol
Multicast Source Discovery Protocol
Multiprotocol Label Switching Echo
MySQL Protocol
NFSACL
NFSAUTH
NIS+
NIS+ Callback
NSPI
NTLM Secure Service Provider
Name Binding Protocol
Name Management Protocol over IPX
Negative-acknowledgment Oriented Reliable Multicast
NetBIOS
NetBIOS Datagram Service
NetBIOS Name Service
NetBIOS Session Service
NetBIOS over IPX
NetScape Certificate Extensions
NetWare Core Protocol
NetWare Link Services Protocol
NetWare Serialization Protocol
Network Data Management Protocol
Network File System
Network Lock Manager Protocol
Network News Transfer Protocol
Network Service Over IP
Network Status Monitor CallBack Protocol
Network Status Monitor Protocol
Network Time Protocol
Nortel SONMP
Novell Distributed Print System
Novell Modular Authentication Service
Null/Loopback
Online Certificate Status Protocol
Open Policy Service Interface
Open Shortest Path First
OpenBSD Encapsulating device
OpenBSD Packet Filter log file
OpenBSD Packet Filter log file, pre 3.4
Optimized Link State Routing Protocol
PC NFS
PKCS#1
PKINIT
PKIX CERT File Format
PKIX Qualified
PKIX Time Stamp Protocol
PKIX1Explitit
PKIX1Implitit
PKIXProxy (RFC3820)
PPP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol
PPP Bandwidth Allocation Protocol
PPP CDP Control Protocol
PPP Callback Control Protocol
PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
PPP Compressed Datagram
PPP Compression Control Protocol
PPP IP Control Protocol
PPP IPv6 Control Protocol
PPP In HDLC-Like Framing
PPP Link Control Protocol
PPP MPLS Control Protocol
PPP Multilink Protocol
PPP Multiplexing
PPP OSI Control Protocol
PPP Password Authentication Protocol
PPP VJ Compression
PPP-over-Ethernet Discovery
PPP-over-Ethernet Session
PPPMux Control Protocol
PROFINET DCP
PROFINET IO
PROFINET Real-Time Protocol
Packed Encoding Rules (ASN.1 X.691)
Packet Cable Lawful Intercept
PacketCable
Parlay Dissector Using GIOP API
Plan 9 9P
Point-to-Point Protocol
Point-to-Point Tunnelling Protocol
Port Aggregation Protocol
Portmap
Post Office Protocol
PostgreSQL
Pragmatic General Multicast
Precision Time Protocol (IEEE1588)
Prism
Privilege Server operations
Protocol Independent Multicast
Q.2931
Q.931
Q.933
Quake II Network Protocol
Quake III Arena Network Protocol
Quake Network Protocol
QuakeWorld Network Protocol
Qualified Logical Link Control
RDM
RFC 2250 MPEG1
RFC 2833 RTP Event
RIPng
RPC Browser
RS Interface properties
RSTAT
RSYNC File Synchroniser
RTcfg
RX Protocol
Radio Access Network Application Part
Radius Protocol
Raw packet data
Real Data Transport
Real Time Streaming Protocol
Real-Time Media Access Control
Real-Time Publish-Subscribe Wire Protocol
Real-Time Transport Protocol
Real-time Transport Control Protocol
Redback
Redundant Link Management Protocol
Registry Server Attributes Manipulation Interface
Registry server administration operations.
Reliable UDP
Remote Management Control Protocol
Remote Override interface
Remote Procedure Call
Remote Program Load
Remote Quota
Remote Shell
Remote Shutdown
Remote Wall protocol
Remote sec_login preauth interface.
Resource ReserVation Protocol (RSVP)
Retix Spanning Tree Protocol
Rlogin Protocol
Routing Information Protocol
Routing Table Maintenance Protocol
SADMIND
SCSI
SEBEK - Kernel Data Capture
SGI Mount Service
SMB (Server Message Block Protocol)
SMB MailSlot Protocol
SMB Pipe Protocol
SNA-over-Ethernet
SNMP Multiplex Protocol
SPNEGO-KRB5
SPRAY
SS7 SCCP-User Adaptation Layer
SSCF-NNI
SSCOP
SSH Protocol
Secure Socket Layer
Sequenced Packet Protocol
Sequenced Packet eXchange
Serial Infrared
Service Advertisement Protocol
Service Location Protocol
Session Announcement Protocol
Session Description Protocol
Session Initiation Protocol
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP as raw text)
Short Message Peer to Peer
Short Message Relaying Service
Signaling Compression
Signalling Connection Control Part
Signalling Connection Control Part Management
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple Traversal of UDP Through NAT
Sinec H1 Protocol
Sipfrag
Skinny Client Control Protocol
SliMP3 Communication Protocol
Slow Protocols
Socks Protocol
SoulSeek Protocol
Spanning Tree Protocol
Spnego
Stream Control Transmission Protocol
Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol
Symantec Enterprise Firewall
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
Synergy
Syslog message
Systems Network Architecture
Systems Network Architecture XID
T.38
TACACS
TACACS+
TDMA RTmac Discipline
TEI Management Procedure, Channel D (LAPD)
TPKT - ISO on TCP - RFC1006
Tabular Data Stream
Tango Dissector Using GIOP API
Tazmen Sniffer Protocol
Telnet
Teredo IPv6 over UDP tunneling
The Armagetron Advanced OpenGL Tron clone
Time Protocol
Time Synchronization Protocol
Tiny Transport Protocol
Token-Ring
Token-Ring Media Access Control
Transaction Capabilities Application Part
Transmission Control Protocol
Transparent Network Substrate Protocol
Transport Adapter Layer Interface v1.0, RFC 3094
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
UDP Encapsulation of IPsec Packets
Universal Computer Protocol
Unlicensed Mobile Access
User Datagram Protocol
V5.2-User Adaptation Layer
Virtual Network Computing
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Virtual Trunking Protocol
WAP Binary XML
WAP Session Initiation Request
Web Cache Coordination Protocol
WebSphere MQ
WebSphere MQ Programmable Command Formats
Wellfleet Breath of Life
Wellfleet Compression
Wellfleet HDLC
Who
Windows 2000 DNS
Wireless Session Protocol
Wireless Transaction Protocol
Wireless Transport Layer Security
Wlan Certificate Extension
X Display Manager Control Protocol
X.25
X.25 over TCP
X.29
X.509 Authentication Framework
X.509 Certificate Extensions
X.509 Information Framework
X.509 Selected Attribute Types
X11
X711 CMIP
Xyplex
Yahoo Messenger Protocol
Yahoo YMSG Messenger Protocol
Yellow Pages Bind
Yellow Pages Passwd
Yellow Pages Service
Yellow Pages Transfer
Zebra Protocol
Zone Information Protocol
eDonkey Protocol
eXtensible Markup Language
giFT Internet File Transfer
h225
h245
h450
iFCP
iSCSI
iSNS
Q 1.6: Are there any plans to support {your favorite protocol}?
A: Support for particular protocols is added to Ethereal as a result of
people contributing that support; no formal plans for adding support for
particular protocols in particular future releases exist.
Q 1.7: Can Ethereal read capture files from {your favorite network
analyzer}?
A: Support for particular protocols is added to Ethereal as a result of
people contributing that support; no formal plans for adding support for
particular protocols in particular future releases exist.
If a network analyzer writes out files in a format already supported by
Ethereal (e.g., in libpcap format), Ethereal may already be able to read
them, unless the analyzer has added its own proprietary extensions to that
format.
If a network analyzer writes out files in its own format, or has added
proprietary extensions to another format, in order to make Ethereal read
captures from that network analyzer, we would either have to have a
specification for the file format, or the extensions, sufficient to give us
enough information to read the parts of the file relevant to Ethereal, or
would need at least one capture file in that format AND a detailed textual
analysis of the packets in that capture file (showing packet time stamps,
packet lengths, and the top-level packet header) in order to
reverse-engineer the file format.
Note that there is no guarantee that we will be able to reverse-engineer a
capture file format.
Q 1.8: What devices can Ethereal use to capture packets?
A: Ethereal can read live data from Ethernet, Token-Ring, FDDI, serial (PPP
and SLIP) (if the OS on which it's running allows Ethereal to do so), 802.11
wireless LAN (if the OS on which it's running allows Ethereal to do so), ATM
connections (if the OS on which it's running allows Ethereal to do so), and
the "any" device supported on Linux by recent versions of libpcap. See the
list of supported capture media on various OSes for details (several items
in there say "Unknown", which doesn't mean "Ethereal can't capture on them",
it means "we don't know whether it can capture on them"; we expect that it
will be able to capture on many of them, but we haven't tried it ourselves -
if you try one of those types and it works, please send an update to
ethereal-web[AT]ethereal.com ).
It can also read a variety of capture file formats, including:
* AG Group/WildPackets EtherPeek/TokenPeek/AiroPeek/EtherHelp/Packet
Grabber captures
* AIX's iptrace captures
* Accellent's 5Views LAN agent output
* Cinco Networks NetXRay captures
* Cisco Secure Intrusion Detection System IPLog output
* CoSine L2 debug output
* DBS Etherwatch VMS text output
* Endace Measurement Systems' ERF format captures
* EyeSDN USB S0 traces
* HP-UX nettl captures
* ISDN4BSD project i4btrace captures
* Linux Bluez Bluetooth stack hcidump -w traces
* Lucent/Ascend router debug output
* Microsoft Network Monitor captures
* Network Associates Windows-based Sniffer captures
* Network General/Network Associates DOS-based Sniffer (compressed or
uncompressed) captures
* Network Instruments Observer version 9 captures
* Novell LANalyzer captures
* RADCOM's WAN/LAN analyzer captures
* Shomiti/Finisar Surveyor captures
* Toshiba's ISDN routers dump output
* VMS TCPIPtrace/TCPtrace/UCX$TRACE output
* Visual Networks' Visual UpTime traffic capture
* libpcap, tcpdump and various other tools using tcpdump's capture format
* snoop and atmsnoop output
so that it can read traces from various network types, as captured by other
applications or equipment, even if it cannot itself capture on those network
types.
Q 1.9: How do you pronounce Ethereal? Where did the name come from?
A: The English pronunciation can be found in Merriam-Webster's online
dictionary at
http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=ethereal.
According to the book "Computer Networks" by Andrew Tannenbaum, Ethernet was
named after the "luminiferous ether" which was once thought to carry
electromagnetic radiation. Taking that into consideration, Ethereal seemed
like an appropriate name for something that started out as an Ethernet
analyzer.
2. Downloading Ethereal
Q 2.1: I downloaded the Win32 installer, but when I try to run it, I get an
error.
A: The program you used to download it may have downloaded it incorrectly.
Web browsers sometimes may do this.
Try downloading it with, for example:
* Wget, for which Windows binaries are available on the SunSITE FTP server
at sunsite.tk or Heiko Herold's windows wget spot - wGetGUI offers a GUI
interface that uses wget;
* WS_FTP from Ipswitch,
* the ftp command that comes with Windows.
If you use the ftp command, make sure you do the transfer in binary mode
rather than ASCII mode, by using the binary command before transferring the
file.
Q 2.2: When I try to download the WinPcap driver and library, I can't get to
the WinPcap Web site.
A: As is the case with all Web sites, that site won't necessarily always be
accessible; the server may be down due to a problem or down for maintenance,
or there may be a networking problem between you and the server. You should
try again later, or try the local mirror or the Wiretapped.net mirror.
3. Installing Ethereal
Q 3.1: I installed an Ethereal RPM, but Ethereal doesn't seem to be
installed; only Tethereal is installed.
A: Older versions of the Red Hat RPMs for Ethereal put only the non-GUI
components into the ethereal RPM, the fact that Ethereal is a GUI program
nonwithstanding; newer versions make it a bit clearer by giving that RPM a
name starting with ethereal-base.
In those older versions, there's a separate ethereal-gnome RPM that includes
GUI components such as Ethereal itself, the fact that Ethereal doesn't use
GNOME nonwithstanding; newer versions make it a bit clearer by giving that
RPM a name starting with ethereal-gtk+.
Find the ethereal-gnome or ethereal-gtk+ RPM, and install that also.
4. Building Ethereal
Q 4.1: The configure script can't find pcap.h or bpf.h, but I have libpcap
installed.
A: Are you sure pcap.h and bpf.h are installed? The official distribution of
libpcap only installs the libpcap.a library file when "make install" is run.
To install pcap.h and bpf.h, you must run "make install-incl". If you're
running Debian or Redhat, make sure you have the "libpcap-dev" or
"libpcap-devel" packages installed.
It's also possible that pcap.h and bpf.h have been installed in a strange
location. If this is the case, you may have to tweak aclocal.m4.
Q 4.2: Why do I get the error
dftest_DEPENDENCIES was already defined in condition TRUE, which implies
condition HAVE_PLUGINS_TRUE
when I try to build Ethereal from SVN or a SVN snapshot?
A: You probably have automake 1.5 installed on your machine (the command
automake --version will report the version of automake on your machine).
There is a bug in that version of automake that causes this problem; upgrade
to a later version of automake (1.6 or later).
Q 4.3: The link fails with a number of "Output line too long." messages
followed by linker errors.
A: The version of the sed command on your system is incapable of handling
very long lines. On Solaris, for example, /usr/bin/sed has a line length
limit too low to allow libtool to work; /usr/xpg4/bin/sed can handle it, as
can GNU sed if you have it installed.
On Solaris, changing your command search path to search /usr/xpg4/bin before
/usr/bin should make the problem go away; on any platform on which you have
this problem, installing GNU sed and changing your command path to search
the directory in which it is installed before searching the directory with
the version of sed that came with the OS should make the problem go away.
Q 4.4: The link fails on Solaris because plugin_list is undefined.
A: This appears to be due to a problem with some versions of the GTK+ and
GLib packages from www.sunfreeware.org; un-install those packages, and try
getting the 1.2.10 versions from that site, or the versions from The Written
Word, or the versions from Sun's GNOME distribution, or the versions from
the supplemental software CD that comes with the Solaris media kit, or build
them from source from the GTK Web site. Then re-run the configuration
script, and try rebuilding Ethereal. (If you get the 1.2.10 versions from
www.sunfreeware.org, and the problem persists, un-install them and try
installing one of the other versions mentioned.)
Q 4.5: The build fails on Windows because of conflicts between winsock.h and
winsock2.h.
A: As of Ethereal 0.9.5, you must install WinPcap 2.3 or later, and the
corresponding version of the developer's pack, in order to be able to
compile Ethereal; it will not compile with older versions of the developer's
pack. The symptoms of this failure are conflicts between definitions in
winsock.h and in winsock2.h; Ethereal uses winsock2.h, but pre-2.3 versions
of the WinPcap developer's packet use winsock.h. (2.3 uses winsock2.h, so if
Ethereal were to use winsock.h, it would not be able to build with current
versions of the WinPcap developer's pack.)
Note that the installed version of the developer's pack should be the same
version as the version of WinPcap you have installed.
5. Using Ethereal
Q 5.1: When I use Ethereal to capture packets, I see only packets to and
from my machine, or I'm not seeing all the traffic I'm expecting to see from
or to the machine I'm trying to monitor.
A: This might be because the interface on which you're capturing is plugged
into an Ethernet or Token Ring switch; on a switched network, unicast
traffic between two ports will not necessarily appear on other ports - only
broadcast and multicast traffic will be sent to all ports.
Note that even if your machine is plugged into a hub, the "hub" may be a
switched hub, in which case you're still on a switched network.
Note also that on the Linksys Web site, they say that their auto-sensing
hubs "broadcast the 10Mb packets to the port that operate at 10Mb only and
broadcast the 100Mb packets to the ports that operate at 100Mb only", which
would indicate that if you sniff on a 10Mb port, you will not see traffic
coming sent to a 100Mb port, and vice versa. This problem has also been
reported for Netgear dual-speed hubs, and may exist for other "auto-sensing"
or "dual-speed" hubs.
Some switches have the ability to replicate all traffic on all ports to a
single port so that you can plug your analyzer into that single port to
sniff all traffic. You would have to check the documentation for the switch
to see if this is possible and, if so, to see how to do this. See the switch
reference page on the Ethereal Wiki for information on some switches. (Note
that it's a Wiki, so you can update or fix that information, or add
additional information on those switches or information on new switches,
yourself.)
Note also that many firewall/NAT boxes have a switch built into them; this
includes many of the "cable/DSL router" boxes. If you have a box of that
sort, that has a switch with some number of Ethernet ports into which you
plug machines on your network, and another Ethernet port used to connect to
a cable or DSL modem, you can, at least, sniff traffic between the machines
on your network and the Internet by plugging the Ethernet port on the router
going to the modem, the Ethernet port on the modem, and the machine on which
you're running Ethereal into a hub (make sure it's not a switching hub, and
that, if it's a dual-speed hub, all three of those ports are running at the
same speed.
If your machine is not plugged into a switched network or a dual-speed hub,
or it is plugged into a switched network but the port is set up to have all
traffic replicated to it, the problem might be that the network interface on
which you're capturing doesn't support "promiscuous" mode, or because your
OS can't put the interface into promiscuous mode. Normally, network
interfaces supply to the host only:
* packets sent to one of that host's link-layer addresses;
* broadcast packets;
* multicast packets sent to a multicast address that the host has
configured the interface to accept.
Most network interfaces can also be put in "promiscuous" mode, in which they
supply to the host all network packets they see. Ethereal will try to put
the interface on which it's capturing into promiscuous mode unless the
"Capture packets in promiscuous mode" option is turned off in the "Capture
Options" dialog box, and Tethereal will try to put the interface on which
it's capturing into promiscuous mode unless the -p option was specified.
However, some network interfaces don't support promiscuous mode, and some
OSes might not allow interfaces to be put into promiscuous mode.
If the interface is not running in promiscuous mode, it won't see any
traffic that isn't intended to be seen by your machine. It will see
broadcast packets, and multicast packets sent to a multicast MAC address the
interface is set up to receive.
You should ask the vendor of your network interface whether it supports
promiscuous mode. If it does, you should ask whoever supplied the driver for
the interface (the vendor, or the supplier of the OS you're running on your
machine) whether it supports promiscuous mode with that network interface.
In the case of token ring interfaces, the drivers for some of them, on
Windows, may require you to enable promiscuous mode in order to capture in
promiscuous mode. See the Ethereal Wiki item on Token Ring capturing for
details.
In the case of wireless LAN interfaces, it appears that, when those
interfaces are promiscuously sniffing, they're running in a significantly
different mode from the mode that they run in when they're just acting as
network interfaces (to the extent that it would be a significant effor for
those drivers to support for promiscuously sniffing and acting as regular
network interfaces at the same time), so it may be that Windows drivers for
those interfaces don't support promiscuous mode.
Q 5.2: I can't see any TCP packets other than packets to and from my
machine, even though another analyzer on the network sees those packets.
A: You're probably not seeing any packets other than unicast packets to or
from your machine, and broadcast and multicast packets; a switch will
normally send to a port only unicast traffic sent to the MAC address for the
interface on that port, and broadcast and multicast traffic - it won't send
to that port unicast traffic sent to a MAC address for some other interface
- and a network interface not in promiscuous mode will receive only unicast
traffic sent to the MAC address for that interface, broadcast traffic, and
multicast traffic sent to a multicast MAC address the interface is set up to
receive.
TCP doesn't use broadcast or multicast, so you will only see your own TCP
traffic, but UDP services may use broadcast or multicast so you'll see some
UDP traffic - however, this is not a problem with TCP traffic, it's a
problem with unicast traffic, as you also won't see all UDP traffic between
other machines.
I.e., this is probably the same question as this earlier one; see the
response to that question.
Q 5.3: I'm only seeing ARP packets when I try to capture traffic.
A: You're probably on a switched network, and running Ethereal on a machine
that's not sending traffic to the switch and not being sent any traffic from
other machines on the switch. ARP packets are often broadcast packets, which
are sent to all switch ports.
I.e., this is probably the same question as this earlier one; see the
response to that question.
Q 5.4: I'm running Ethereal on Windows; why does some network interface on
my machine not show up in the list of interfaces in the "Interface:" field
in the dialog box popped up by "Capture->Start", and/or why does Ethereal
give me an error if I try to capture on that interface?
A: If you are running Ethereal on Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP,
or Windows Server 2003, and this is the first time you have run a
WinPcap-based program (such as Ethereal, or Tethereal, or WinDump, or
Analyzer, or...) since the machine was rebooted, you need to run that
program from an account with administrator privileges; once you have run
such a program, you will not need administrator privileges to run any such
programs until you reboot.
If you are running on Windows 95/98/Me, or if you are running on Windows NT
4.0/Windows 2000/Windows XP/Windows Server 2003 and have administrator
privileges or a WinPcap-based program has been run with those privileges
since the machine rebooted, this problem might clear up if you completely
un-install WinPcap and then re-install it.
If that doesn't work, then note that Ethereal relies on the WinPcap library,
on the WinPcap device driver, and on the facilities that come with the OS on
which it's running in order to do captures.
Therefore, if the OS, the WinPcap library, or the WinPcap driver don't
support capturing on a particular network interface device, Ethereal won't
be able to capture on that device.
Note that:
1. 2.02 and earlier versions of the WinPcap driver and library that
Ethereal uses for packet capture didn't support Token Ring interfaces;
versions 2.1 and later support Token Ring, and the current version of
Ethereal works with (and, in fact, requires) WinPcap 2.1 or later.
If you are having problems capturing on Token Ring interfaces, and you
have WinPcap 2.02 or an earlier version of WinPcap installed, you should
uninstall WinPcap, download and install the current version of WinPcap,
and then install the latest version of Ethereal.
2. On Windows 95, 98, or Me, sometimes more than one interface will be
given the same name; if that is the case, you will only be able to
capture on one of those interfaces - it's not clear to which one the
name, when used in a WinPcap-based application, will refer. For example,
if you have a PPP serial interface and a VPN interface, they might show
up with the same name, for example "ppp-mac", and if you try to capture
on "ppp-mac", it might not capture on the interface you're currently
using. In that case, you might, for example, have to remove the VPN
interface from the system in order to capture on the PPP serial
interface.
3. WinPcap 2.3 has problems supporting PPP WAN interfaces on Windows NT
4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003, and, to avoid
those problems, support for PPP WAN interfaces on those versions of
Windows has been disabled in WinPcap 3.0. Regular dial-up lines, ISDN
lines, ADSL connections using PPPoE or PPPoA, and various other lines
such as T1/E1 lines are all PPP interfaces, so those interfaces might
not show up on the list of interfaces in the "Capture Options" dialog on
those OSes.
On Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003, but not Windows NT
4.0 or Windows Vista Beta 1, you should be able to capture on the
"GenericDialupAdapter" with WinPcap 3.1. (3.1 beta releases called it
the "NdisWanAdapter"; if you're using a 3.1 beta release, you should
un-install it and install the final 3.1 release.) See the Ethereal Wiki
item on PPP capturing for details.
4. WinPcap prior to 3.0 does not support multiprocessor machines (note that
machines with a single multi-threaded processor, such as Intel's new
multi-threaded x86 processors, are multiprocessor machines as far as the
OS and WinPcap are concerned), and recent 2.x versions of WinPcap refuse
to operate if they detect that they're running on a multiprocessor
machine, which means that they may not show any network interfaces. You
will need to use WinPcap 3.0 to capture on a multiprocessor machine.
If an interface doesn't show up in the list of interfaces in the
"Interface:" field, and you know the name of the interface, try entering
that name in the "Interface:" field and capturing on that device.
If the attempt to capture on it succeeds, the interface is somehow not being
reported by the mechanism Ethereal uses to get a list of interfaces. Try
listing the interfaces with WinDump; see the WinDump Web site or the local
mirror of the WinDump Web site for information on using WinDump.
You would run WinDump with the -D flag; if it lists the interface, please
report this to ethereal-dev@ethereal.com giving full details of the problem,
including
* the operating system you're using, and the version of that operating
system;
* the type of network device you're using;
* the output of WinDump.
If WinDump does not list the interface, this is almost certainly a problem
with one or more of:
* the operating system you're using;
* the device driver for the interface you're using;
* the WinPcap library and/or the WinPcap device driver;
so first check the WinPcap FAQ, the local mirror of that FAQ, or the
Wiretapped.net mirror of that FAQ, to see if your problem is mentioned
there. If not, then see the WinPcap support page (or the local mirror of
that page) - check the "Submitting bugs" section.
If you are having trouble capturing on a particular network interface, first
try capturing on that device with WinDump; see the WinDump Web site or the
local mirror of the WinDump Web site for information on using WinDump.
If you can capture on the interface with WinDump, send mail to
ethereal-users@ethereal.com giving full details of the problem, including
* the operating system you're using, and the version of that operating
system;
* the type of network device you're using;
* the error message you get from Ethereal.
If you cannot capture on the interface with WinDump, this is almost
certainly a problem with one or more of:
* the operating system you're using;
* the device driver for the interface you're using;
* the WinPcap library and/or the WinPcap device driver;
so first check the WinPcap FAQ, the local mirror of that FAQ, or the
Wiretapped.net mirror of that FAQ, to see if your problem is mentioned
there. If not, then see the WinPcap support page (or the local mirror of
that page) - check the "Submitting bugs" section.
You may also want to ask the ethereal-users@ethereal.com and the
winpcap-users@winpcap.org mailing lists to see if anybody happens to know
about the problem and know a workaround or fix for the problem. (Note that
you will have to subscribe to that list in order to be allowed to mail to
it; see the WinPcap support page, or the local mirror of that page, for
information on the mailing list.) In your mail, please give full details of
the problem, as described above, and also indicate that the problem occurs
with WinDump, not just with Ethereal.
Q 5.5: I'm running Ethereal on Windows; why do no network interfaces show up
in the list of interfaces in the "Interface:" field in the dialog box popped
up by "Capture->Start"?
A: This is really the same question as the previous one; see the response to
that question.
Q 5.6: I'm running Ethereal on Windows; why doesn't my serial port/ADSL
modem/ISDN modem show up in the list of interfaces in the "Interface:" field
in the dialog box popped up by "Capture->Start"?
A: Internet access on those devices is often done with the Point-to-Point
(PPP) protocol; WinPcap 2.3 has problems supporting PPP WAN interfaces on
Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003, and, to
avoid those problems, support for PPP WAN interfaces on those versions of
Windows has been disabled in WinPcap 3.0.
On Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003, but not Windows NT 4.0
or Windows Vista Beta 1, you should be able to capture on the
"GenericDialupAdapter" with WinPcap 3.1. (3.1 beta releases called it the
"NdisWanAdapter"; if you're using a 3.1 beta release, you should un-install
it and install the final 3.1 release.) See the Ethereal Wiki item on PPP
capturing for details.
Q 5.7: I'm running Ethereal on a UNIX-flavored OS; why does some network
interface on my machine not show up in the list of interfaces in the
"Interface:" field in the dialog box popped up by "Capture->Start", and/or
why does Ethereal give me an error if I try to capture on that interface?
A: You may need to run Ethereal from an account with sufficient privileges
to capture packets, such as the super-user account, or may need to give your
account sufficient privileges to capture packets. Only those interfaces that
Ethereal can open for capturing show up in that list; if you don't have
sufficient privileges to capture on any interfaces, no interfaces will show
up in the list. See the Ethereal Wiki item on capture privileges for details
on how to give a particular account or account group capture privileges on
platforms where that can be done.
If you are running Ethereal from an account with sufficient privileges, then
note that Ethereal relies on the libpcap library, and on the facilities that
come with the OS on which it's running in order to do captures. On some
OSes, those facilities aren't present by default; see the Ethereal Wiki item
on adding capture support for details.
And, even if you're running with an account that has sufficient privileges
to capture, and capture support is present in your OS, if the OS or the
libpcap library don't support capturing on a particular network interface
device or particular types of devices, Ethereal won't be able to capture on
that device.
On Solaris, note that libpcap 0.6.2 and earlier didn't support Token Ring
interfaces; the current version, 0.7.2, does support Token Ring, and the
current version of Ethereal works with libcap 0.7.2 and later.
If an interface doesn't show up in the list of interfaces in the
"Interface:" field, and you know the name of the interface, try entering
that name in the "Interface:" field and capturing on that device.
If the attempt to capture on it succeeds, the interface is somehow not being
reported by the mechanism Ethereal uses to get a list of interfaces; please
report this to ethereal-dev@ethereal.com giving full details of the problem,
including
* the operating system you're using, and the version of that operating
system (for Linux, give both the version number of the kernel and the
name and version number of the distribution you're using);
* the type of network device you're using.
If you are having trouble capturing on a particular network interface, and
you've made sure that (on platforms that require it) you've arranged that
packet capture support is present, as per the above, first try capturing on
that device with tcpdump.
If you can capture on the interface with tcpdump, send mail to
ethereal-users@ethereal.com giving full details of the problem, including
* the operating system you're using, and the version of that operating
system (for Linux, give both the version number of the kernel and the
name and version number of the distribution you're using);
* the type of network device you're using;
* the error message you get from Ethereal.
If you cannot capture on the interface with tcpdump, this is almost
certainly a problem with one or more of:
* the operating system you're using;
* the device driver for the interface you're using;
* the libpcap library;
so you should report the problem to the company or organization that
produces the OS (in the case of a Linux distribution, report the problem to
whoever produces the distribution).
You may also want to ask the ethereal-users@ethereal.com and the
tcpdump-workers@tcpdump.org mailing lists to see if anybody happens to know
about the problem and know a workaround or fix for the problem. In your
mail, please give full details of the problem, as described above, and also
indicate that the problem occurs with tcpdump not just with Ethereal.
Q 5.8: I'm running Ethereal on a UNIX-flavored OS; why do no network
interfaces show up in the list of interfaces in the "Interface:" field in
the dialog box popped up by "Capture->Start"?
A: This is really the same question as the previous one; see the response to
that question.
Q 5.9: Can Ethereal capture on (my T1/E1 line, SS7 links, etc.)?
A: Ethereal can only capture on devices supported by libpcap/WinPcap. On
most OSes, only devices that can act as network interfaces of the type that
support IP are supported as capture devices for libpcap/WinPcap, although
the device doesn't necessarily have to be running as an IP interface in
order to support traffic capture.
On Linux and FreeBSD, libpcap 0.8 and later support the API for Endace
Measurement Systems' DAG cards, so that a system with one of those cards,
and its driver and libraries, installed can capture traffic with those cards
with libpcap-based applications. You would either have to have a version of
Ethereal built with that version of libpcap, or a dynamically-linked version
of Ethereal and a shared libpcap library with DAG support, in order to do so
with Ethereal. You should ask Endace whether that could be used to capture
traffic on, for example, your T1/E1 link.
There is currently no hardware to support capturing on SS7 links with
libpcap. (Note that the fact that Ethereal includes dissectors for many SS7
protocols doesn't imply that it can capture traffic from SS7 links; those
protocols can be run over Internet protocols.)
Q 5.10: How do I put an interface into promiscuous mode?
A: By not disabling promiscuous mode when running Ethereal or Tethereal.
Note, however, that:
* the form of promiscuous mode that libpcap (the library that programs
such as tcpdump, Ethereal, etc. use to do packet capture) turns on will
not necessarily be shown if you run ifconfig on the interface on a UNIX
system;
* some network interfaces might not support promiscuous mode, and some
drivers might not allow promiscuous mode to be turned on - see this
earlier question for more information on that;
* the fact that you're not seeing any traffic, or are only seeing
broadcast traffic, or aren't seeing any non-broadcast traffic other than
traffic to or from the machine running Ethereal, does not mean that
promiscuous mode isn't on - see this earlier question for more
information on that.
I.e., this is probably the same question as this earlier one; see the
response to that question.
Q 5.11: I can set a display filter just fine, but capture filters don't
work.
A: Capture filters currently use a different syntax than display filters.
Here's the corresponding section from the ethereal(1) man page:
"Display filters in Ethereal are very powerful; more fields are filterable
in Ethereal than in other protocol analyzers, and the syntax you can use to
create your filters is richer. As Ethereal progresses, expect more and more
protocol fields to be allowed in display filters.
Packet capturing is performed with the pcap library. The capture filter
syntax follows the rules of the pcap library. This syntax is different from
the display filter syntax."
The capture filter syntax used by libpcap can be found in the tcpdump(8) man
page.
Q 5.12: I'm entering valid capture filters, but I still get "parse error"
errors.
A: There is a bug in some versions of libpcap/WinPcap that cause it to
report parse errors even for valid expressions if a previous filter
expression was invalid and got a parse error.
Try exiting and restarting Ethereal; if you are using a version of
libpcap/WinPcap with this bug, this will "erase" its memory of the previous
parse error. If the capture filter that got the "parse error" now works, the
earlier error with that filter was probably due to this bug.
The bug was fixed in libpcap 0.6; 0.4[.x] and 0.5[.x] versions of libpcap
have this bug, but 0.6[.x] and later versions don't.
Versions of WinPcap prior to 2.3 are based on pre-0.6 versions of libpcap,
and have this bug; WinPcap 2.3 is based on libpcap 0.6.2, and doesn't have
this bug.
If you are running Ethereal on a UNIX-flavored platform, run "ethereal -v",
or select "About Ethereal..." from the "Help" menu in Ethereal, to see what
version of libpcap it's using. If it's not 0.6 or later, you will need
either to upgrade your OS to get a later version of libpcap, or will need to
build and install a later version of libpcap from the tcpdump.org Web site
and then recompile Ethereal from source with that later version of libpcap.
If you are running Ethereal on Windows with a pre-2.3 version of WinPcap,
you will need to un-install WinPcap and then download and install WinPcap
2.3.
Q 5.13: I saved a filter and tried to use its name to filter the display,
but I got an "Unexpected end of filter string" error.
A: You cannot use the name of a saved display filter as a filter. To filter
the display, you can enter a display filter expression - not the name of a
saved display filter - in the "Filter:" box at the bottom of the display,
and type the key or press the "Apply" button (that does not require you to
have a saved filter), or, if you want to use a saved filter, you can press
the "Filter:" button, select the filter in the dialog box that pops up, and
press the "OK" button.
Q 5.14: Why am I seeing lots of packets with incorrect TCP checksums?
A: If the packets that have incorrect TCP checksums are all being sent by
the machine on which Ethereal is running, this is probably because the
network interface on which you're capturing does TCP checksum offloading.
That means that the TCP checksum is added to the packet by the network
interface, not by the OS's TCP/IP stack; when capturing on an interface,
packets being sent by the host on which you're capturing are directly handed
to the capture interface by the OS, which means that they are handed to the
capture interface without a TCP checksum being added to them.
The only way to prevent this from happening would be to disable TCP checksum
offloading, but
1. that might not even be possible on some OSes;
2. that could reduce networking performance significantly.
However, you can disable the check that Ethereal does of the TCP checksum,
so that it won't report any packets as having TCP checksum errors, and so
that it won't refuse to do TCP reassembly due to a packet having an
incorrect TCP checksum. That can be set as an Ethereal preference by
selecting "Preferences" from the "Edit" menu, opening up the "Protocols"
list in the left-hand pane of the "Preferences" dialog box, selecting "TCP",
from that list, turning off the "Check the validity of the TCP checksum when
possible" option, clicking "Save" if you want to save that setting in your
preference file, and clicking "OK".
It can also be set on the Ethereal or Tethereal command line with a -o
tcp.check_checksum:false command-line flag, or manually set in your
preferences file by adding a tcp.check_checksum:false line.
Q 5.15: I've just installed Ethereal, and the traffic on my local LAN is
boring.
A: We have a collection of strange and exotic sample capture files at
http://wiki.ethereal.com/SampleCaptures
Q 5.16: When I run Ethereal on Solaris 8, it dies with a Bus Error when I
start it.
A: Some versions of the GTK+ library from www.sunfreeware.org appear to be
buggy, causing Ethereal to drop core with a Bus Error. Un-install those
packages, and try getting the 1.2.10 version from that site, or the version
from The Written Word, or the version from Sun's GNOME distribution, or the
version from the supplemental software CD that comes with the Solaris media
kit, or build it from source from the GTK Web site. Update the GLib library
to the 1.2.10 version, from the same source, as well. (If you get the 1.2.10
versions from www.sunfreeware.org, and the problem persists, un-install them
and try installing one of the other versions mentioned.)
Similar problems may exist with older versions of GTK+ for earlier versions
of Solaris.
Q 5.17: When I run Ethereal, I get an error
Gtk-CRITICAL **: file gtkwindow.c: line 3107 (gtk_window_resize):
assertion `height > 0' failed.
A: This is a bug in Ethereal 0.10.5 and 0.10.5a, which is fixed in Ethereal
0.10.6 and later releases.
Q 5.18: When I run Tethereal with the "-x" option, it crashes with an error
"** ERROR **: file print.c: line 691 (print_line): should not be reached.
A: This is a bug in Ethereal 0.10.0a, which is fixed in 0.10.1 and later
releases. To work around the bug, don't use "-x" unless you're also using
"-V"; note that "-V" produces a full dissection of each packet, so you might
not want to use it.
Q 5.19: When I run Ethereal on Windows NT, it dies with a Dr. Watson error,
reporting an "Integer division by zero" exception, when I start it.
A: In at least some case, this appears to be due to using the default VGA
driver; if that's not the correct driver for your video card, try running
the correct driver for your video card.
Q 5.20: When I try to run Ethereal, it complains about sprint_realloc_objid
being undefined.
A: Ethereal can only be linked with version 4.2.2 or later of UCD SNMP. Your
version of Ethereal was dynamically linked with such a version of UCD SNMP;
however, you have an older version of UCD SNMP installed, which means that
when Ethereal is run, it tries to link to the older version, and fails. You
will have to replace that version of UCD SNMP with version 4.2.2 or a later
version.
Q 5.21: I'm running Ethereal on Linux; why do my time stamps have only 100ms
resolution, rather than 1us resolution?
A: Ethereal gets time stamps from libpcap/WinPcap, and libpcap/WinPcap get
them from the OS kernel, so Ethereal - and any other program using libpcap,
such as tcpdump - is at the mercy of the time stamping code in the OS for
time stamps.
At least on x86-based machines, Linux can get high-resolution time stamps on
newer processors with the Time Stamp Counter (TSC) register; for example,
Intel x86 processors, starting with the Pentium Pro, and including all x86
processors since then, have had a TSC, and other vendors probably added the
TSC at some point to their families of x86 processors.
The Linux kernel must be configured with the CONFIG_X86_TSC option enabled
in order to use the TSC. Make sure this option is enabled in your kernel.
In addition, some Linux distributions may have bugs in their versions of the
kernel that cause packets not to be given high-resolution time stamps even
if the TSC is enabled. See, for example, bug 61111 for Red Hat Linux 7.2. If
your distribution has a bug such as this, you may have to run a standard
kernel from kernel.org in order to get high-resolution time stamps.
Q 5.22: I'm capturing packets on {Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me}; why
are the time stamps on packets wrong?
A: This is due to a bug in WinPcap. The bug should be fixed in WinPcap 3.0.
Q 5.23: When I try to run Ethereal on Windows, it fails to run because it
can't find packet.dll.
A: In older versions of Ethereal, there were two binary distributions
available for Windows, one that supported capturing packets, and one that
didn't. The version that supported capturing packets required that you
install the WinPcap driver; if you didn't install it, it would fail to run
because it couldn't find packet.dll.
The current version of Ethereal has only one binary distribution for
Windows; that version will check whether WinPcap is installed and, if it's
not, will disable support for packet capture.
The WinPcap driver and libraries can be downloaded from the WinPcap Web
site, the local mirror of the WinPcap Web site, or the Wiretapped.net mirror
of the WinPcap site.
Q 5.24: I'm running Ethereal on Windows NT 4.0/Windows 2000/Windows
XP/Windows Server 2003; my machine has a PPP (dial-up POTS, ISDN, etc.)
interface, and it shows up in the "Interface" item in the "Capture Options"
dialog box. Why can no packets be sent on or received from that network
while I'm trying to capture traffic on that interface?
A: Some versions of WinPcap have problems with PPP WAN interfaces on Windows
NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003; one symptom that
may be seen is that attempts to capture in promiscuous mode on the interface
cause the interface to be incapable of sending or receiving packets. You can
disable promiscuous mode using the -p command-line flag or the item in the
"Capture Preferences" dialog box, but this may mean that outgoing packets,
or incoming packets, won't be seen in the capture.
On Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003, but not Windows NT 4.0
or Windows Vista Beta 1, you should be able to capture on the
"GenericDialupAdapter" with WinPcap 3.1. (3.1 beta releases called it the
"NdisWanAdapter"; if you're using a 3.1 beta release, you should un-install
it and install the final 3.1 release.) See the Ethereal Wiki item on PPP
capturing for details.
Q 5.25: I'm running Ethereal on Windows 95/98/Me, on a machine with more
than one network adapter of the same type; Ethereal shows all of those
adapters with the same name, but I can't use any of those adapters other
than the first one.
A: Unfortunately, Windows 95/98/Me gives the same name to multiple instances
of the type of same network adapter. Therefore, WinPcap cannot distinguish
between them, so a WinPcap-based application can capture only on the first
such interface; Ethereal is a libpcap/WinPcap-based application.
Q 5.26: I'm running Ethereal on Windows, and I'm not seeing any traffic
being sent by the machine running Ethereal.
A: If you are running some form of VPN client software, it might be causing
this problem; people have seen this problem when they have Check Point's VPN
software installed on their machine. If that's the cause of the problem, you
will have to remove the VPN software in order to have Ethereal (or any other
application using WinPcap) see outgoing packets; unfortunately, neither we
nor the WinPcap developers know any way to make WinPcap and the VPN software
work well together.
Also, some drivers for Windows (especially some wireless network interface
drivers) apparently do not, when running in promiscuous mode, arrange that
outgoing packets are delivered to the software that requested that the
interface run promiscuously; try turning promiscuous mode off.
Q 5.27: I'm trying to capture traffic but I'm not seeing any.
A: Is the machine running Ethereal sending out any traffic on the network
interface on which you're capturing, or receiving any traffic on that
network, or is there any broadcast traffic on the network or multicast
traffic to a multicast group to which the machine running Ethereal belongs?
If not, this may just be a problem with promiscuous sniffing, either due to
running on a switched network or a dual-speed hub, or due to problems with
the interface not supporting promiscuous mode; see the response to this
earlier question.
Otherwise, on Windows, see the response to this question and, on a
UNIX-flavored OS, see the response to this question.
Q 5.28: I have an XXX network card on my machine; if I try to capture on it,
my machine crashes or resets itself.
A: This is almost certainly a problem with one or more of:
* the operating system you're using;
* the device driver for the interface you're using;
* the libpcap/WinPcap library and, if this is Windows, the WinPcap device
driver;
so:
* if you are using Windows, see the WinPcap support page (or the local
mirror of that page) - check the "Submitting bugs" section;
* if you are using some Linux distribution, some version of BSD, or some
other UNIX-flavored OS, you should report the problem to the company or
organization that produces the OS (in the case of a Linux distribution,
report the problem to whoever produces the distribution).
Q 5.29: My machine crashes or resets itself when I select "Start" from the
"Capture" menu or select "Preferences" from the "Edit" menu.
A: Both of those operations cause Ethereal to try to build a list of the
interfaces that it can open; it does so by getting a list of interfaces and
trying to open them. There is probably an OS, driver, or, for Windows,
WinPcap bug that causes the system to crash when this happens; see the
previous question.
Q 5.30: Does Ethereal work on Windows Me?
A: Yes, but if you want to capture packets, you will need to install the
latest version of WinPcap, as 2.02 and earlier versions of WinPcap didn't
support Windows Me. You should also install the latest version of Ethereal
as well.
Q 5.31: Does Ethereal work on Windows XP?
A: Yes, but if you want to capture packets, you will need to install the
latest version of WinPcap, as 2.2 and earlier versions of WinPcap didn't
support Windows XP.
Q 5.32: Why doesn't Ethereal correctly identify RTP packets? It shows them
only as UDP.
A: Ethereal can identify a UDP datagram as containing a packet of a
particular protocol running atop UDP only if
1. The protocol in question has a particular standard port number, and the
UDP source or destination port number is that port
2. Packets of that protocol can be identified by looking for a "signature"
of some type in the packet - i.e., some data that, if Ethereal finds it
in some particular part of a packet, means that the packet is almost
certainly a packet of that type.
3. Some other traffic earlier in the capture indicated that, for example,
UDP traffic between two particular addresses and ports will be RTP
traffic.
RTP doesn't have a standard port number, so 1) doesn't work; it doesn't, as
far as I know, have any "signature", so 2) doesn't work.
That leaves 3). If there's RTSP traffic that sets up an RTP session, then,
at least in some cases, the RTSP dissector will set things up so that
subsequent RTP traffic will be identified. Currently, that's the only place
we do that; there may be other places.
However, there will always be places where Ethereal is simply incapable of
deducing that a given UDP flow is RTP; a mechanism would be needed to allow
the user to specify that a given conversation should be treated as RTP. As
of Ethereal 0.8.16, such a mechanism exists; if you select a UDP or TCP
packet, the right mouse button menu will have a "Decode As..." menu item,
which will pop up a dialog box letting you specify that the source port, the
destination port, or both the source and destination ports of the packet
should be dissected as some particular protocol.
Q 5.33: Why doesn't Ethereal show Yahoo Messenger packets in captures that
contain Yahoo Messenger traffic?
A: Ethereal only recognizes as Yahoo Messenger traffic packets to or from
TCP port 3050 that begin with "YPNS", "YHOO", or "YMSG". TCP segments that
start with the middle of a Yahoo Messenger packet that takes more than one
TCP segment will not be recognized as Yahoo Messenger packets (even if the
TCP segment also contains the beginning of another Yahoo Messenger packet).
Q 5.34: Why do I get the error
Gdk-ERROR **: Palettized display (256-colour) mode not supported on
Windows.
aborting....
when I try to run Ethereal on Windows?
A: Ethereal is built using the GTK+ toolkit, which supports most
UNIX-flavored OSes, and also supports Windows.
Windows versions of Ethereal before 0.9.14 were built with an older version
of that toolkit, which didn't support 256-color mode on Windows - it
required HiColor (16-bit colors) or more.
Windows versions of Ethereal 0.9.14 and later are built with a version of
that toolkit that supports 256-color mode; upgrade to the current version of
Ethereal if you want to run on a display in 256-color mode.
Q 5.35: When I capture on Windows in promiscuous mode, I can see packets
other than those sent to or from my machine; however, those packets show up
with a "Short Frame" indication, unlike packets to or from my machine. What
should I do to arrange that I see those packets in their entirety?
A: In at least some cases, this appears to be the result of PGPnet running
on the network interface on which you're capturing; turn it off on that
interface.
Q 5.36: I'm capturing packets on a machine on a VLAN; why don't the packets
I'm capturing have VLAN tags?
A: You might be capturing on what might be called a "VLAN interface" - the
way a particular OS makes VLANs plug into the networking stack might, for
example, be to have a network device object for the physical interface,
which takes VLAN packets, strips off the VLAN header and constructs an
Ethernet header, and passes that packet to an internal network device object
for the VLAN, which then passes the packets onto various higher-level
protocol implementations.
In order to see the raw Ethernet packets, rather than "de-VLANized" packets,
you would have to capture not on the virtual interface for the VLAN, but on
the interface corresponding to the physical network device, if possible. See
the Ethereal Wiki item on VLAN capturing for details.
Q 5.37: How can I capture raw 802.11 frames, including non-data (management,
beacon) frames?
A: That depends on the operating system on which you're running, and on the
802.11 interface on which you're capturing.
This would probably require that you capture in promiscuous mode or in the
mode called "monitor mode" or "RFMON mode". On some platforms, or with some
cards, this might require that you capture in monitor mode - promiscuous
mode might not be sufficient. If you want to capture traffic on networks
other than the one with which you're associated, you will have to capture in
monitor mode.
Not all operating systems support capturing non-data packets and, even on
operating systems that do support it, not all drivers, and thus not all
interfaces, support it. Even on those that do, monitor mode might not be
supported by the operating system or by the drivers for all interfaces.
NOTE: an interface running in monitor mode will, on most if not all
platforms, not be able to act as a regular network interface; putting it
into monitor mode will, in effect, take your machine off of whatever network
it's on as long as the interface is in monitor mode, allowing it only to
passively capture packets.
This means that you should disable name resolution when capturing in monitor
mode; otherwise, when Ethereal (or Tethereal, or tcpdump) tries to display
IP addresses as host names, it will probably block for a long time trying to
resolve the name because it will not be able to communicate with any DNS or
NIS servers.
See the Ethereal Wiki item on 802.11 capturing for details.
Q 5.38: How do I capture on an 802.11 device in monitor mode?
A: Whether you will be able to capture in monitor mode depends on the
operating system, adapter, and driver you're using. See the previous
question for information on monitor mode, including a link to the Ethereal
Wiki page that gives details on 802.11 capturing.
Q 5.39: I'm trying to capture 802.11 traffic on Windows; why am I not seeing
any packets?
A: At least some 802.11 card drivers on Windows appear not to see any
packets if they're running in promiscuous mode. Try turning promiscuous mode
off; you'll only be able to see packets sent by and received by your
machine, not third-party traffic, and it'll look like Ethernet traffic and
won't include any management or control frames, but that's a limitation of
the card drivers.
See MicroLogix's list of cards supported with WinPcap for information on
support of various adapters and drivers with WinPcap.
Q 5.40: I'm trying to capture 802.11 traffic on Windows; why am I seeing
packets received by the machine on which I'm capturing traffic, but not
packets sent by that machine?
A: This appears to be another problem with promiscuous mode; try turning it
off.
Q 5.41: How can I capture packets with CRC errors?
A: Ethereal can capture only the packets that the packet capture library -
libpcap on UNIX-flavored OSes, and the WinPcap port to Windows of libpcap on
Windows - can capture, and libpcap/WinPcap can capture only the packets that
the OS's raw packet capture mechanism (or the WinPcap driver, and the
underlying OS networking code and network interface drivers, on Windows)
will allow it to capture.
Unless the OS always supplies packets with errors such as invalid CRCs to
the raw packet capture mechanism, or can be configured to do so, invalid
CRCs to the raw packet capture mechanism, Ethereal - and other programs that
capture raw packets, such as tcpdump - cannot capture those packets. You
will have to determine whether your OS needs to be so configured and, if so,
can be so configured, configure it if necessary and possible, and make
whatever changes to libpcap and the packet capture program you're using are
necessary, if any, to support capturing those packets.
Most OSes probably do not support capturing packets with invalid CRCs on
Ethernet, and probably do not support it on most other link-layer types.
Some drivers on some OSes do support it, such as some Ethernet drivers on
FreeBSD; in those OSes, you might always get those packets, or you might
only get them if you capture in promiscuous mode (you'd have to determine
which is the case).
Note that libpcap does not currently supply to programs that use it an
indication of whether the packet's CRC was invalid (because the drivers
themselves do not supply that information to the raw packet capture
mechanism); therefore, Ethereal will not indicate which packets had CRC
errors unless the FCS was captured (see the next question) and you're using
Ethereal 0.9.15 and later, in which case Ethereal will check the CRC and
indicate whether it's correct or not.
Q 5.42: How can I capture entire frames, including the FCS?
A: Ethereal can only capture data that the packet capture library - libpcap
on UNIX-flavored OSes, and the WinPcap port to Windows of libpcap on Windows
- can capture, and libpcap/WinPcap can capture only the data that the OS's
raw packet capture mechanism (or the WinPcap driver, and the underlying OS
networking code and network interface drivers, on Windows) will allow it to
capture.
For any particular link-layer network type, unless the OS supplies the FCS
of a frame as part of the frame, or can be configured to do so, Ethereal -
and other programs that capture raw packets, such as tcpdump - cannot
capture the FCS of a frame. You will have to determine whether your OS needs
to be so configured and, if so, can be so configured, configure it if
necessary and possible, and make whatever changes to libpcap and the packet
capture program you're using are necessary, if any, to support capturing the
FCS of a frame.
Most OSes do not support capturing the FCS of a frame on Ethernet, and
probably do not support it on most other link-layer types. Some drivres on
some OSes do support it, such as some (all?) Ethernet drivers on NetBSD and
possibly the driver for Apple's gigabit Ethernet interface in Mac OS X; in
those OSes, you might always get the FCS, or you might only get the FCS if
you capture in promiscuous mode (you'd have to determine which is the case).
Versions of Ethereal prior to 0.9.15 will not treat an Ethernet FCS in a
captured packet as an FCS. 0.9.15 and later will attempt to determine
whether there's an FCS at the end of the frame and, if it thinks there is,
will display it as such, and will check whether it's the correct CRC-32
value or not.
Q 5.43: Why does Ethereal hang after I stop a capture?
A: The most likely reason for this is that Ethereal is trying to look up an
IP address in the capture to convert it to a name (so that, for example, it
can display the name in the source address or destination address columns),
and that lookup process is taking a very long time.
Ethereal calls a routine in the OS of the machine on which it's running to
convert of IP addresses to the corresponding names. That routine probably
does one or more of:
* a search of a system file listing IP addresses and names;
* a lookup using DNS;
* on UNIX systems, a lookup using NIS;
* on Windows systems, a NetBIOS-over-TCP query.
If a DNS server that's used in an address lookup is not responding, the
lookup will fail, but will only fail after a timeout while the system
routine waits for a reply.
In addition, on Windows systems, if the DNS lookup of the address fails,
either because the server isn't responding or because there are no records
in the DNS that could be used to map the address to a name, a
NetBIOS-over-TCP query will be made. That query involves sending a message
to the NetBIOS-over-TCP name service on that machine, asking for the name
and other information about the machine. If the machine isn't running
software that responds to those queries - for example, many non-Windows
machines wouldn't be running that software - the lookup will only fail after
a timeout. Those timeouts can cause the lookup to take a long time.
If you disable network address-to-name translation - for example, by turning
off the "Enable network name resolution" option in the "Capture Options"
dialog box for starting a network capture - the lookups of the address won't
be done, which may speed up the process of reading the capture file after
the capture is stopped. You can make that setting the default by selecting
"Preferences" from the "Edit" menu, turning off the "Enable network name
resolution" option in the "Name resolution" options in the preferences
disalog box, and using the "Save" button in that dialog box; note that this
will save all your current preference settings.
If Ethereal hangs when reading a capture even with network name resolution
turned off, there might, for example, be a bug in one of Ethereal's
dissectors for a protocol causing it to loop infinitely. If you're not
running the most recent release of Ethereal, you should first upgrade to
that release, as, if there's a bug of that sort, it might've been fixed in a
release after the one you're running. If the hang occurs in the most recent
release of Ethereal, the bug should be reported to the Ethereal developers'
mailing list at ethereal-dev@ethereal.com.
On UNIX-flavored OSes, please try to force Ethereal to dump core, by sending
it a SIGABRT signal (usually signal 6) with the kill command, and then get a
stack trace if you have a debugger installed. A stack trace can be obtained
by using your debugger (gdb in this example), the Ethereal binary, and the
resulting core file. Here's an example of how to use the gdb command
backtrace to do so.
$ gdb ethereal core
(gdb) backtrace
..... prints the stack trace
(gdb) quit
$
The core dump file may be named "ethereal.core" rather than "core" on some
platforms (e.g., BSD systems).
Also, if at all possible, please send a copy of the capture file that caused
the problem; when capturing packets, Ethereal normally writes captured
packets to a temporary file, which will probably be in /tmp or /var/tmp on
UNIX-flavored OSes, \TEMP on the main system disk (normally C:) on Windows
9x/Me/NT 4.0, and \Documents and Settings\your login name\Local
Settings\Temp on the main system disk on Windows 2000/Windows XP/Windows
Server 2003, so the capture file will probably be there. It will have a name
beginning with ether, with some mixture of letters and numbers after that.
Please don't send a trace file greater than 1 MB when compressed; instead,
make it available via FTP or HTTP, or say it's available but leave it up to
a developer to ask for it. If the trace file contains sensitive information
(e.g., passwords), then please do not send it.
Q 5.44: How can I search for, or filter, packets that have a particular
string anywhere in them?
A: If you want to do this when capturing, you can't. That's a feature that
would be hard to implement in capture filters without changes to the capture
filter code, which, on many platforms, is in the OS kernel and, on other
platforms, is in the libpcap library.
In releases prior to 0.9.14, you also can't search for, or filter, packets
containing a particular string even after you've captured them.
In 0.9.14, you can search for, but not filter, packets that have a
particular string; this has been added to the "Find Frame" dialog ("Find
Frame" under the "Edit" menu, or control-F).
In 0.9.15 and later, you can search for those packets using either the
mechanism introduced in 0.9.14 or using the new "contains" operator in
filter expressions, which lets you search the entire packet or text string
or byte string fields in the packet; the "contains" operator can also be
used in expressions used to filter the display.
Q 5.45: How do I filter a capture to see traffic for virus XXX?
A: For some viruses/worms there might be a capture filter to recognize the
virus traffic. Check the CaptureFilters page on the Ethereal Wiki to see if
anybody's added such a filter.
Note that Ethereal was not designed to be an intrusion detection system; you
might be able to use it as an IDS, but in most cases software designed to be
an IDS, such as Snort or Prelude, will probably work better.
The Bleeding Edge of Snort has a collection of signatures for Snort to
detect various viruses, worms, and the like.
Please send support questions about Ethereal to the
ethereal-users[AT]ethereal.com mailing list.
For corrections/additions/suggestions for this web page (and not Ethereal
support questions), please send email to ethereal-web[AT]ethereal.com .
Last modified: Thu, September 15 2005.