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- """ codecs -- Python Codec Registry, API and helpers.
-
-
- Written by Marc-Andre Lemburg (mal@lemburg.com).
-
- (c) Copyright CNRI, All Rights Reserved. NO WARRANTY.
-
- """#"
-
- import __builtin__, sys
-
- ### Registry and builtin stateless codec functions
-
- try:
- from _codecs import *
- except ImportError, why:
- raise SystemError,\
- 'Failed to load the builtin codecs: %s' % why
-
- __all__ = ["register", "lookup", "open", "EncodedFile", "BOM", "BOM_BE",
- "BOM_LE", "BOM32_BE", "BOM32_LE", "BOM64_BE", "BOM64_LE",
- "BOM_UTF8", "BOM_UTF16", "BOM_UTF16_LE", "BOM_UTF16_BE",
- "BOM_UTF32", "BOM_UTF32_LE", "BOM_UTF32_BE",
- "strict_errors", "ignore_errors", "replace_errors",
- "xmlcharrefreplace_errors",
- "register_error", "lookup_error"]
-
- ### Constants
-
- #
- # Byte Order Mark (BOM = ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE = U+FEFF)
- # and its possible byte string values
- # for UTF8/UTF16/UTF32 output and little/big endian machines
- #
-
- # UTF-8
- BOM_UTF8 = '\xef\xbb\xbf'
-
- # UTF-16, little endian
- BOM_LE = BOM_UTF16_LE = '\xff\xfe'
-
- # UTF-16, big endian
- BOM_BE = BOM_UTF16_BE = '\xfe\xff'
-
- # UTF-32, little endian
- BOM_UTF32_LE = '\xff\xfe\x00\x00'
-
- # UTF-32, big endian
- BOM_UTF32_BE = '\x00\x00\xfe\xff'
-
- if sys.byteorder == 'little':
-
- # UTF-16, native endianness
- BOM = BOM_UTF16 = BOM_UTF16_LE
-
- # UTF-32, native endianness
- BOM_UTF32 = BOM_UTF32_LE
-
- else:
-
- # UTF-16, native endianness
- BOM = BOM_UTF16 = BOM_UTF16_BE
-
- # UTF-32, native endianness
- BOM_UTF32 = BOM_UTF32_BE
-
- # Old broken names (don't use in new code)
- BOM32_LE = BOM_UTF16_LE
- BOM32_BE = BOM_UTF16_BE
- BOM64_LE = BOM_UTF32_LE
- BOM64_BE = BOM_UTF32_BE
-
-
- ### Codec base classes (defining the API)
-
- class Codec:
-
- """ Defines the interface for stateless encoders/decoders.
-
- The .encode()/.decode() methods may use different error
- handling schemes by providing the errors argument. These
- string values are predefined:
-
- 'strict' - raise a ValueError error (or a subclass)
- 'ignore' - ignore the character and continue with the next
- 'replace' - replace with a suitable replacement character;
- Python will use the official U+FFFD REPLACEMENT
- CHARACTER for the builtin Unicode codecs on
- decoding and '?' on encoding.
- 'xmlcharrefreplace' - Replace with the appropriate XML
- character reference (only for encoding).
- 'backslashreplace' - Replace with backslashed escape sequences
- (only for encoding).
-
- The set of allowed values can be extended via register_error.
-
- """
- def encode(self, input, errors='strict'):
-
- """ Encodes the object input and returns a tuple (output
- object, length consumed).
-
- errors defines the error handling to apply. It defaults to
- 'strict' handling.
-
- The method may not store state in the Codec instance. Use
- StreamCodec for codecs which have to keep state in order to
- make encoding/decoding efficient.
-
- The encoder must be able to handle zero length input and
- return an empty object of the output object type in this
- situation.
-
- """
- raise NotImplementedError
-
- def decode(self, input, errors='strict'):
-
- """ Decodes the object input and returns a tuple (output
- object, length consumed).
-
- input must be an object which provides the bf_getreadbuf
- buffer slot. Python strings, buffer objects and memory
- mapped files are examples of objects providing this slot.
-
- errors defines the error handling to apply. It defaults to
- 'strict' handling.
-
- The method may not store state in the Codec instance. Use
- StreamCodec for codecs which have to keep state in order to
- make encoding/decoding efficient.
-
- The decoder must be able to handle zero length input and
- return an empty object of the output object type in this
- situation.
-
- """
- raise NotImplementedError
-
- #
- # The StreamWriter and StreamReader class provide generic working
- # interfaces which can be used to implement new encoding submodules
- # very easily. See encodings/utf_8.py for an example on how this is
- # done.
- #
-
- class StreamWriter(Codec):
-
- def __init__(self, stream, errors='strict'):
-
- """ Creates a StreamWriter instance.
-
- stream must be a file-like object open for writing
- (binary) data.
-
- The StreamWriter may use different error handling
- schemes by providing the errors keyword argument. These
- parameters are predefined:
-
- 'strict' - raise a ValueError (or a subclass)
- 'ignore' - ignore the character and continue with the next
- 'replace'- replace with a suitable replacement character
- 'xmlcharrefreplace' - Replace with the appropriate XML
- character reference.
- 'backslashreplace' - Replace with backslashed escape
- sequences (only for encoding).
-
- The set of allowed parameter values can be extended via
- register_error.
- """
- self.stream = stream
- self.errors = errors
-
- def write(self, object):
-
- """ Writes the object's contents encoded to self.stream.
- """
- data, consumed = self.encode(object, self.errors)
- self.stream.write(data)
-
- def writelines(self, list):
-
- """ Writes the concatenated list of strings to the stream
- using .write().
- """
- self.write(''.join(list))
-
- def reset(self):
-
- """ Flushes and resets the codec buffers used for keeping state.
-
- Calling this method should ensure that the data on the
- output is put into a clean state, that allows appending
- of new fresh data without having to rescan the whole
- stream to recover state.
-
- """
- pass
-
- def __getattr__(self, name,
- getattr=getattr):
-
- """ Inherit all other methods from the underlying stream.
- """
- return getattr(self.stream, name)
-
- ###
-
- class StreamReader(Codec):
-
- def __init__(self, stream, errors='strict'):
-
- """ Creates a StreamReader instance.
-
- stream must be a file-like object open for reading
- (binary) data.
-
- The StreamReader may use different error handling
- schemes by providing the errors keyword argument. These
- parameters are predefined:
-
- 'strict' - raise a ValueError (or a subclass)
- 'ignore' - ignore the character and continue with the next
- 'replace'- replace with a suitable replacement character;
-
- The set of allowed parameter values can be extended via
- register_error.
- """
- self.stream = stream
- self.errors = errors
-
- def read(self, size=-1):
-
- """ Decodes data from the stream self.stream and returns the
- resulting object.
-
- size indicates the approximate maximum number of bytes to
- read from the stream for decoding purposes. The decoder
- can modify this setting as appropriate. The default value
- -1 indicates to read and decode as much as possible. size
- is intended to prevent having to decode huge files in one
- step.
-
- The method should use a greedy read strategy meaning that
- it should read as much data as is allowed within the
- definition of the encoding and the given size, e.g. if
- optional encoding endings or state markers are available
- on the stream, these should be read too.
-
- """
- # Unsliced reading:
- if size < 0:
- return self.decode(self.stream.read(), self.errors)[0]
-
- # Sliced reading:
- read = self.stream.read
- decode = self.decode
- data = read(size)
- i = 0
- while 1:
- try:
- object, decodedbytes = decode(data, self.errors)
- except ValueError, why:
- # This method is slow but should work under pretty much
- # all conditions; at most 10 tries are made
- i = i + 1
- newdata = read(1)
- if not newdata or i > 10:
- raise
- data = data + newdata
- else:
- return object
-
- def readline(self, size=None):
-
- """ Read one line from the input stream and return the
- decoded data.
-
- Note: Unlike the .readlines() method, this method inherits
- the line breaking knowledge from the underlying stream's
- .readline() method -- there is currently no support for
- line breaking using the codec decoder due to lack of line
- buffering. Subclasses should however, if possible, try to
- implement this method using their own knowledge of line
- breaking.
-
- size, if given, is passed as size argument to the stream's
- .readline() method.
-
- """
- if size is None:
- line = self.stream.readline()
- else:
- line = self.stream.readline(size)
- return self.decode(line, self.errors)[0]
-
-
- def readlines(self, sizehint=None):
-
- """ Read all lines available on the input stream
- and return them as list of lines.
-
- Line breaks are implemented using the codec's decoder
- method and are included in the list entries.
-
- sizehint, if given, is passed as size argument to the
- stream's .read() method.
-
- """
- if sizehint is None:
- data = self.stream.read()
- else:
- data = self.stream.read(sizehint)
- return self.decode(data, self.errors)[0].splitlines(1)
-
- def reset(self):
-
- """ Resets the codec buffers used for keeping state.
-
- Note that no stream repositioning should take place.
- This method is primarily intended to be able to recover
- from decoding errors.
-
- """
- pass
-
- def next(self):
-
- """ Return the next decoded line from the input stream."""
- line = self.readline()
- if line:
- return line
- raise StopIteration
-
- def __iter__(self):
- return self
-
- def __getattr__(self, name,
- getattr=getattr):
-
- """ Inherit all other methods from the underlying stream.
- """
- return getattr(self.stream, name)
-
- ###
-
- class StreamReaderWriter:
-
- """ StreamReaderWriter instances allow wrapping streams which
- work in both read and write modes.
-
- The design is such that one can use the factory functions
- returned by the codec.lookup() function to construct the
- instance.
-
- """
- # Optional attributes set by the file wrappers below
- encoding = 'unknown'
-
- def __init__(self, stream, Reader, Writer, errors='strict'):
-
- """ Creates a StreamReaderWriter instance.
-
- stream must be a Stream-like object.
-
- Reader, Writer must be factory functions or classes
- providing the StreamReader, StreamWriter interface resp.
-
- Error handling is done in the same way as defined for the
- StreamWriter/Readers.
-
- """
- self.stream = stream
- self.reader = Reader(stream, errors)
- self.writer = Writer(stream, errors)
- self.errors = errors
-
- def read(self, size=-1):
-
- return self.reader.read(size)
-
- def readline(self, size=None):
-
- return self.reader.readline(size)
-
- def readlines(self, sizehint=None):
-
- return self.reader.readlines(sizehint)
-
- def next(self):
-
- """ Return the next decoded line from the input stream."""
- return self.reader.next()
-
- def __iter__(self):
- return self
-
- def write(self, data):
-
- return self.writer.write(data)
-
- def writelines(self, list):
-
- return self.writer.writelines(list)
-
- def reset(self):
-
- self.reader.reset()
- self.writer.reset()
-
- def __getattr__(self, name,
- getattr=getattr):
-
- """ Inherit all other methods from the underlying stream.
- """
- return getattr(self.stream, name)
-
- ###
-
- class StreamRecoder:
-
- """ StreamRecoder instances provide a frontend - backend
- view of encoding data.
-
- They use the complete set of APIs returned by the
- codecs.lookup() function to implement their task.
-
- Data written to the stream is first decoded into an
- intermediate format (which is dependent on the given codec
- combination) and then written to the stream using an instance
- of the provided Writer class.
-
- In the other direction, data is read from the stream using a
- Reader instance and then return encoded data to the caller.
-
- """
- # Optional attributes set by the file wrappers below
- data_encoding = 'unknown'
- file_encoding = 'unknown'
-
- def __init__(self, stream, encode, decode, Reader, Writer,
- errors='strict'):
-
- """ Creates a StreamRecoder instance which implements a two-way
- conversion: encode and decode work on the frontend (the
- input to .read() and output of .write()) while
- Reader and Writer work on the backend (reading and
- writing to the stream).
-
- You can use these objects to do transparent direct
- recodings from e.g. latin-1 to utf-8 and back.
-
- stream must be a file-like object.
-
- encode, decode must adhere to the Codec interface, Reader,
- Writer must be factory functions or classes providing the
- StreamReader, StreamWriter interface resp.
-
- encode and decode are needed for the frontend translation,
- Reader and Writer for the backend translation. Unicode is
- used as intermediate encoding.
-
- Error handling is done in the same way as defined for the
- StreamWriter/Readers.
-
- """
- self.stream = stream
- self.encode = encode
- self.decode = decode
- self.reader = Reader(stream, errors)
- self.writer = Writer(stream, errors)
- self.errors = errors
-
- def read(self, size=-1):
-
- data = self.reader.read(size)
- data, bytesencoded = self.encode(data, self.errors)
- return data
-
- def readline(self, size=None):
-
- if size is None:
- data = self.reader.readline()
- else:
- data = self.reader.readline(size)
- data, bytesencoded = self.encode(data, self.errors)
- return data
-
- def readlines(self, sizehint=None):
-
- if sizehint is None:
- data = self.reader.read()
- else:
- data = self.reader.read(sizehint)
- data, bytesencoded = self.encode(data, self.errors)
- return data.splitlines(1)
-
- def next(self):
-
- """ Return the next decoded line from the input stream."""
- return self.reader.next()
-
- def __iter__(self):
- return self
-
- def write(self, data):
-
- data, bytesdecoded = self.decode(data, self.errors)
- return self.writer.write(data)
-
- def writelines(self, list):
-
- data = ''.join(list)
- data, bytesdecoded = self.decode(data, self.errors)
- return self.writer.write(data)
-
- def reset(self):
-
- self.reader.reset()
- self.writer.reset()
-
- def __getattr__(self, name,
- getattr=getattr):
-
- """ Inherit all other methods from the underlying stream.
- """
- return getattr(self.stream, name)
-
- ### Shortcuts
-
- def open(filename, mode='rb', encoding=None, errors='strict', buffering=1):
-
- """ Open an encoded file using the given mode and return
- a wrapped version providing transparent encoding/decoding.
-
- Note: The wrapped version will only accept the object format
- defined by the codecs, i.e. Unicode objects for most builtin
- codecs. Output is also codec dependent and will usually by
- Unicode as well.
-
- Files are always opened in binary mode, even if no binary mode
- was specified. This is done to avoid data loss due to encodings
- using 8-bit values. The default file mode is 'rb' meaning to
- open the file in binary read mode.
-
- encoding specifies the encoding which is to be used for the
- file.
-
- errors may be given to define the error handling. It defaults
- to 'strict' which causes ValueErrors to be raised in case an
- encoding error occurs.
-
- buffering has the same meaning as for the builtin open() API.
- It defaults to line buffered.
-
- The returned wrapped file object provides an extra attribute
- .encoding which allows querying the used encoding. This
- attribute is only available if an encoding was specified as
- parameter.
-
- """
- if encoding is not None and \
- 'b' not in mode:
- # Force opening of the file in binary mode
- mode = mode + 'b'
- file = __builtin__.open(filename, mode, buffering)
- if encoding is None:
- return file
- (e, d, sr, sw) = lookup(encoding)
- srw = StreamReaderWriter(file, sr, sw, errors)
- # Add attributes to simplify introspection
- srw.encoding = encoding
- return srw
-
- def EncodedFile(file, data_encoding, file_encoding=None, errors='strict'):
-
- """ Return a wrapped version of file which provides transparent
- encoding translation.
-
- Strings written to the wrapped file are interpreted according
- to the given data_encoding and then written to the original
- file as string using file_encoding. The intermediate encoding
- will usually be Unicode but depends on the specified codecs.
-
- Strings are read from the file using file_encoding and then
- passed back to the caller as string using data_encoding.
-
- If file_encoding is not given, it defaults to data_encoding.
-
- errors may be given to define the error handling. It defaults
- to 'strict' which causes ValueErrors to be raised in case an
- encoding error occurs.
-
- The returned wrapped file object provides two extra attributes
- .data_encoding and .file_encoding which reflect the given
- parameters of the same name. The attributes can be used for
- introspection by Python programs.
-
- """
- if file_encoding is None:
- file_encoding = data_encoding
- encode, decode = lookup(data_encoding)[:2]
- Reader, Writer = lookup(file_encoding)[2:]
- sr = StreamRecoder(file,
- encode, decode, Reader, Writer,
- errors)
- # Add attributes to simplify introspection
- sr.data_encoding = data_encoding
- sr.file_encoding = file_encoding
- return sr
-
- ### Helpers for codec lookup
-
- def getencoder(encoding):
-
- """ Lookup up the codec for the given encoding and return
- its encoder function.
-
- Raises a LookupError in case the encoding cannot be found.
-
- """
- return lookup(encoding)[0]
-
- def getdecoder(encoding):
-
- """ Lookup up the codec for the given encoding and return
- its decoder function.
-
- Raises a LookupError in case the encoding cannot be found.
-
- """
- return lookup(encoding)[1]
-
- def getreader(encoding):
-
- """ Lookup up the codec for the given encoding and return
- its StreamReader class or factory function.
-
- Raises a LookupError in case the encoding cannot be found.
-
- """
- return lookup(encoding)[2]
-
- def getwriter(encoding):
-
- """ Lookup up the codec for the given encoding and return
- its StreamWriter class or factory function.
-
- Raises a LookupError in case the encoding cannot be found.
-
- """
- return lookup(encoding)[3]
-
- ### Helpers for charmap-based codecs
-
- def make_identity_dict(rng):
-
- """ make_identity_dict(rng) -> dict
-
- Return a dictionary where elements of the rng sequence are
- mapped to themselves.
-
- """
- res = {}
- for i in rng:
- res[i]=i
- return res
-
- def make_encoding_map(decoding_map):
-
- """ Creates an encoding map from a decoding map.
-
- If a target mapping in the decoding map occurs multiple
- times, then that target is mapped to None (undefined mapping),
- causing an exception when encountered by the charmap codec
- during translation.
-
- One example where this happens is cp875.py which decodes
- multiple character to \u001a.
-
- """
- m = {}
- for k,v in decoding_map.items():
- if not v in m:
- m[v] = k
- else:
- m[v] = None
- return m
-
- ### error handlers
-
- strict_errors = lookup_error("strict")
- ignore_errors = lookup_error("ignore")
- replace_errors = lookup_error("replace")
- xmlcharrefreplace_errors = lookup_error("xmlcharrefreplace")
- backslashreplace_errors = lookup_error("backslashreplace")
-
- # Tell modulefinder that using codecs probably needs the encodings
- # package
- _false = 0
- if _false:
- import encodings
-
- ### Tests
-
- if __name__ == '__main__':
-
- # Make stdout translate Latin-1 output into UTF-8 output
- sys.stdout = EncodedFile(sys.stdout, 'latin-1', 'utf-8')
-
- # Have stdin translate Latin-1 input into UTF-8 input
- sys.stdin = EncodedFile(sys.stdin, 'utf-8', 'latin-1')
-