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-
- <manualpage metafile="request.xml.meta">
- <parentdocument href="./">Developer Documentation</parentdocument>
-
- <title>Request Processing in Apache 2.0</title>
-
- <summary>
- <note type="warning"><title>Warning</title>
- <p>Warning - this is a first (fast) draft that needs further
- revision!</p>
- </note>
-
- <p>Several changes in Apache 2.0 affect the internal request
- processing mechanics. Module authors need to be aware of these
- changes so they may take advantage of the optimizations and
- security enhancements.</p>
-
- <p>The first major change is to the subrequest and redirect
- mechanisms. There were a number of different code paths in
- Apache 1.3 to attempt to optimize subrequest or redirect
- behavior. As patches were introduced to 2.0, these
- optimizations (and the server behavior) were quickly broken due
- to this duplication of code. All duplicate code has been folded
- back into <code>ap_process_internal_request()</code> to prevent
- the code from falling out of sync again.</p>
-
- <p>This means that much of the existing code was 'unoptimized'.
- It is the Apache HTTP Project's first goal to create a robust
- and correct implementation of the HTTP server RFC. Additional
- goals include security, scalability and optimization. New
- methods were sought to optimize the server (beyond the
- performance of Apache 1.3) without introducing fragile or
- insecure code.</p>
- </summary>
-
- <section id="processing"><title>The Request Processing Cycle</title>
- <p>All requests pass through <code>ap_process_request_internal()</code>
- in <code>request.c</code>, including subrequests and redirects. If a module
- doesn't pass generated requests through this code, the author is cautioned
- that the module may be broken by future changes to request
- processing.</p>
-
- <p>To streamline requests, the module author can take advantage
- of the hooks offered to drop out of the request cycle early, or
- to bypass core Apache hooks which are irrelevant (and costly in
- terms of CPU.)</p>
- </section>
-
- <section id="parsing"><title>The Request Parsing Phase</title>
- <section id="unescape"><title>Unescapes the URL</title>
- <p>The request's <code>parsed_uri</code> path is unescaped, once and only
- once, at the beginning of internal request processing.</p>
-
- <p>This step is bypassed if the proxyreq flag is set, or the
- <code>parsed_uri.path</code> element is unset. The module has no further
- control of this one-time unescape operation, either failing to
- unescape or multiply unescaping the URL leads to security
- reprecussions.</p>
- </section>
-
- <section id="strip"><title>Strips Parent and This Elements from the
- URI</title>
- <p>All <code>/../</code> and <code>/./</code> elements are
- removed by <code>ap_getparents()</code>. This helps to ensure
- the path is (nearly) absolute before the request processing
- continues.</p>
-
- <p>This step cannot be bypassed.</p>
- </section>
-
- <section id="inital-location-walk"><title>Initial URI Location Walk</title>
- <p>Every request is subject to an
- <code>ap_location_walk()</code> call. This ensures that
- <directive type="section" module="core">Location</directive> sections
- are consistently enforced for all requests. If the request is an internal
- redirect or a sub-request, it may borrow some or all of the processing
- from the previous or parent request's ap_location_walk, so this step
- is generally very efficient after processing the main request.</p>
- </section>
-
- <section id="translate_name"><title>translate_name</title>
- <p>Modules can determine the file name, or alter the given URI
- in this step. For example, <module>mod_vhost_alias</module> will
- translate the URI's path into the configured virtual host,
- <module>mod_alias</module> will translate the path to an alias path,
- and if the request falls back on the core, the <directive module="core"
- >DocumentRoot</directive> is prepended to the request resource.</p>
-
- <p>If all modules <code>DECLINE</code> this phase, an error 500 is
- returned to the browser, and a "couldn't translate name" error is logged
- automatically.</p>
- </section>
-
- <section id="map_to_storage"><title>Hook: map_to_storage</title>
- <p>After the file or correct URI was determined, the
- appropriate per-dir configurations are merged together. For
- example, <module>mod_proxy</module> compares and merges the appropriate
- <directive module="mod_proxy" type="section">Proxy</directive> sections.
- If the URI is nothing more than a local (non-proxy) <code>TRACE</code>
- request, the core handles the request and returns <code>DONE</code>.
- If no module answers this hook with <code>OK</code> or <code>DONE</code>,
- the core will run the request filename against the <directive
- module="core" type="section">Directory</directive> and <directive
- module="core" type="section">Files</directive> sections. If the request
- 'filename' isn't an absolute, legal filename, a note is set for
- later termination.</p>
- </section>
-
- <section id="location-walk"><title>URI Location Walk</title>
- <p>Every request is hardened by a second
- <code>ap_location_walk()</code> call. This reassures that a
- translated request is still subjected to the configured
- <directive module="core" type="section">Location</directive> sections.
- The request again borrows some or all of the processing from its previous
- <code>location_walk</code> above, so this step is almost always very
- efficient unless the translated URI mapped to a substantially different
- path or Virtual Host.</p>
- </section>
-
- <section id="header_parser"><title>Hook: header_parser</title>
- <p>The main request then parses the client's headers. This
- prepares the remaining request processing steps to better serve
- the client's request.</p>
- </section>
- </section>
-
- <section id="security"><title>The Security Phase</title>
- <p>Needs Documentation. Code is:</p>
-
- <example><pre>
- switch (ap_satisfies(r)) {
- case SATISFY_ALL:
- case SATISFY_NOSPEC:
- if ((access_status = ap_run_access_checker(r)) != 0) {
- return decl_die(access_status, "check access", r);
- }
-
- if (ap_some_auth_required(r)) {
- if (((access_status = ap_run_check_user_id(r)) != 0)
- || !ap_auth_type(r)) {
- return decl_die(access_status, ap_auth_type(r)
- ? "check user. No user file?"
- : "perform authentication. AuthType not set!",
- r);
- }
-
- if (((access_status = ap_run_auth_checker(r)) != 0)
- || !ap_auth_type(r)) {
- return decl_die(access_status, ap_auth_type(r)
- ? "check access. No groups file?"
- : "perform authentication. AuthType not set!",
- r);
- }
- }
- break;
-
- case SATISFY_ANY:
- if (((access_status = ap_run_access_checker(r)) != 0)) {
- if (!ap_some_auth_required(r)) {
- return decl_die(access_status, "check access", r);
- }
-
- if (((access_status = ap_run_check_user_id(r)) != 0)
- || !ap_auth_type(r)) {
- return decl_die(access_status, ap_auth_type(r)
- ? "check user. No user file?"
- : "perform authentication. AuthType not set!",
- r);
- }
-
- if (((access_status = ap_run_auth_checker(r)) != 0)
- || !ap_auth_type(r)) {
- return decl_die(access_status, ap_auth_type(r)
- ? "check access. No groups file?"
- : "perform authentication. AuthType not set!",
- r);
- }
- }
- break;
- }</pre>
- </example>
- </section>
-
- <section id="preparation"><title>The Preparation Phase</title>
- <section id="type_checker"><title>Hook: type_checker</title>
- <p>The modules have an opportunity to test the URI or filename
- against the target resource, and set mime information for the
- request. Both <module>mod_mime</module> and
- <module>mod_mime_magic</module> use this phase to compare the file
- name or contents against the administrator's configuration and set the
- content type, language, character set and request handler. Some modules
- may set up their filters or other request handling parameters at this
- time.</p>
-
- <p>If all modules <code>DECLINE</code> this phase, an error 500 is
- returned to the browser, and a "couldn't find types" error is logged
- automatically.</p>
- </section>
-
- <section id="fixups"><title>Hook: fixups</title>
- <p>Many modules are 'trounced' by some phase above. The fixups
- phase is used by modules to 'reassert' their ownership or force
- the request's fields to their appropriate values. It isn't
- always the cleanest mechanism, but occasionally it's the only
- option.</p>
- </section>
- </section>
-
- <section id="handler"><title>The Handler Phase</title>
- <p>This phase is <strong>not</strong> part of the processing in
- <code>ap_process_request_internal()</code>. Many
- modules prepare one or more subrequests prior to creating any
- content at all. After the core, or a module calls
- <code>ap_process_request_internal()</code> it then calls
- <code>ap_invoke_handler()</code> to generate the request.</p>
-
- <section id="insert_filter"><title>Hook: insert_filter</title>
- <p>Modules that transform the content in some way can insert
- their values and override existing filters, such that if the
- user configured a more advanced filter out-of-order, then the
- module can move its order as need be. There is no result code,
- so actions in this hook better be trusted to always succeed.</p>
- </section>
-
- <section id="hook_handler"><title>Hook: handler</title>
- <p>The module finally has a chance to serve the request in its
- handler hook. Note that not every prepared request is sent to
- the handler hook. Many modules, such as <module>mod_autoindex</module>,
- will create subrequests for a given URI, and then never serve the
- subrequest, but simply lists it for the user. Remember not to
- put required teardown from the hooks above into this module,
- but register pool cleanups against the request pool to free
- resources as required.</p>
- </section>
- </section>
- </manualpage>
-
-