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=head1 NAME perltoc - perl documentation table of contents =head1 DESCRIPTION This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for. =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =over 4 =item Overview =item Tutorials =item Reference Manual =item Internals and C Language Interface =item Miscellaneous =item Language-Specific =item Platform-Specific =back =item DESCRIPTION =item AVAILABILITY =item ENVIRONMENT =item AUTHOR =item FILES =item SEE ALSO =item DIAGNOSTICS =item BUGS =item NOTES =back =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item What is Perl? =item Running Perl programs =item Basic syntax overview =item Perl variable types Scalars, Arrays, Hashes =item Variable scoping =item Conditional and looping constructs if, while, for, foreach =item Builtin operators and functions Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic, Miscellaneous =item Files and I/O =item Regular expressions Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions, Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features =item Writing subroutines =item OO Perl =item Using Perl modules =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11 21:32:23 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ. =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking =back =item About the perlfaq documents =over 4 =item Where to get the perlfaq =item How to contribute to the perlfaq =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors =back =item Credits =item Author and Copyright Information =over 4 =item Bundled Distributions =item Disclaimer =back =item Changes 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97 =back =head2 perlbook - Perl book information =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Declarations =item Simple statements =item Compound statements =item Loop Control =item For Loops =item Foreach Loops =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements =item Goto =item PODs: Embedded Documentation =item Plain Old Comments (Not!) =back =back =head2 perldata - Perl data types =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Variable names =item Context =item Scalar values =item Scalar value constructors =item List value constructors =item Slices =item Typeglobs and Filehandles =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) =item The Arrow Operator =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement =item Exponentiation =item Symbolic Unary Operators =item Binding Operators =item Multiplicative Operators =item Additive Operators =item Shift Operators =item Named Unary Operators =item Relational Operators =item Equality Operators =item Bitwise And =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or =item C-style Logical And =item C-style Logical Or =item Range Operators =item Conditional Operator =item Assignment Operators =item Comma Operator =item List Operators (Rightward) =item Logical Not =item Logical And =item Logical or and Exclusive Or =item C Operators Missing From Perl unary &, unary *, (TYPE) =item Quote and Quote-like Operators =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">, C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>, C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions =item I/O Operators =item Constant Folding =item Bitwise String Operators =item Integer Arithmetic =item Floating-point Arithmetic =item Bigger Numbers =back =back =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Private Variables via my() =item Persistent Private Variables =item Temporary Values via local() =item Lvalue subroutines Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) =item When to Still Use local() =item Pass by Reference =item Prototypes =item Constant Functions =item Overriding Built-in Functions =item Autoloading =item Subroutine Attributes =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Perl Functions by Category Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5 =item Portability =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// =back =back =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? =item The Solution =item Syntax =over 4 =item Making References =item Using References =back =item An Example =item Arrow Rule =item Solution =item The Rest =item Summary =item Credits =over 4 =item Distribution Conditions =back =back =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs =item REFERENCES =item COMMON MISTAKES =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict> =item DEBUGGING =item CODE EXAMPLES =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS =over 4 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS =back =item HASHES OF ARRAYS =over 4 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS =back =item ARRAYS OF HASHES =over 4 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES =back =item HASHES OF HASHES =over 4 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES =back =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS =over 4 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS =back =item Database Ties =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item The Guide =over 4 =item Simple word matching =item Using character classes =item Matching this or that =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching =item Extracting matches =item Matching repetitions =item More matching =item Search and replace =item The split operator =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =over 4 =item Acknowledgments =back =back =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Ordinary Paragraph =item Verbatim Paragraph =item Command Paragraph C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>> =item Formatting Codes C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text, C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink, C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code =item The Intent =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules =item Hints for Writing Pod =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Pod Definitions =item Pod Commands "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..." =item Pod Formatting Codes C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text, C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink, C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: =item About =over...=back Regions =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Awk Traps =item C Traps =item Sed Traps =item Shell Traps =item Perl Traps =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance =item Parsing Traps Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing =item Numerical Traps Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops =item General data type traps (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) =item Precedence Traps Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle =item OS Traps (SysV), (SysV) =item Interpolation Traps Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation =item DBM Traps DBM, DBM =item Unclassified Traps C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with LIMIT specified =back =back =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS =item Location of Perl =item Command Switches B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>], B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory> =back =item ENVIRONMENT HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap, :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) =back =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> =item Backward Compatibility =item Category Hierarchy =item Fatal Warnings =item Reporting Warnings from a Module =back =item TODO =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item use strict =item Looking at data and -w and v =item help =item Stepping through code =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS =item OUTPUT TIPS =item CGI =item GUIs =item SUMMARY =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item CONTRIBUTORS =back =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item The Perl Debugger =over 4 =item Debugger Commands h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage] =item Configurable Options C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop> =item Debugger input/output Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame listing =item Debugging compile-time statements =item Debugger Customization =item Readline Support =item Editor Support for Debugging =item The Perl Profiler =back =item Debugging regular expressions =item Debugging memory usage =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =back =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Predefined Names $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} =item Error Indicators =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names =back =item BUGS =back =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays =item Growing Your Own =item Access and Printing =item Slices =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Open E<agrave> la shell =over 4 =item Simple Opens =item Pipe Opens =item The Minus File =item Mixing Reads and Writes =item Filters =back =item Open E<agrave> la C =over 4 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode =back =item Obscure Open Tricks =over 4 =item Re-Opening Files (dups) =item Dispelling the Dweomer =item Paths as Opens =item Single Argument Open =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT =back =item Other I/O Issues =over 4 =item Opening Non-File Files =item Binary Files =item File Locking =item IO Layers =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack> =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item The Basic Principle =item Packing Text =item Packing Numbers =over 4 =item Integers =item Unpacking a Stack Frame =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net =item Floating point Numbers =back =item Exotic Templates =over 4 =item Bit Strings =item Uuencoding =item Doing Sums =item Unicode =item Another Portable Binary Encoding =back =item Lengths and Widths =over 4 =item String Lengths =item Dynamic Templates =back =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures =over 4 =item The Alignment Pit =item Alignment, Take 2 =item Alignment, Take 3 =item Pointers for How to Use Them =back =item Pack Recipes =item Funnies Section =item Authors =back =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Part 1: The basics =over 4 =item Simple word matching =item Using character classes =item Matching this or that =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching =item Extracting matches =item Matching repetitions =item Building a regexp =item Using regular expressions in Perl =back =item Part 2: Power tools =over 4 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes =item Compiling and saving regular expressions =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression =item Non-capturing groupings =item Looking ahead and looking behind =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking =item Conditional expressions =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression =item Pragmas and debugging =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =over 4 =item Acknowledgments =back =back =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION i, m, s, x =over 4 =item Regular Expressions [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit =item Extended Patterns C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{ code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> =item Backtracking =item Version 8 Regular Expressions =item Warning on \1 vs $1 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring =item Combining pieces together C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>, C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> =item Creating custom RE engines =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures =over 4 =item NOTE =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Making References =item Using References =item Symbolic references =item Not-so-symbolic references =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash =item Function Templates =back =item WARNING =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlform - Perl formats =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Format Variables =back =item NOTES =over 4 =item Footers =item Accessing Formatting Internals =back =item WARNINGS =back =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item If we could talk to the animals... =item Introducing the method invocation arrow =item Invoking a barnyard =item The extra parameter of method invocation =item Calling a second method to simplify things =item Inheriting the windpipes =item A few notes about @ISA =item Overriding the methods =item Starting the search from a different place =item The SUPER way of doing things =item Where we're at so far... =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? =item Invoking an instance method =item Accessing the instance data =item How to build a horse =item Inheriting the constructor =item Making a method work with either classes or instances =item Adding parameters to a method =item More interesting instances =item A horse of a different color =item Summary =back =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Creating a Class =over 4 =item Object Representation =item Class Interface =item Constructors and Instance Methods =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors =item Destructors =item Other Object Methods =back =item Class Data =over 4 =item Accessing Class Data =item Debugging Methods =item Class Destructors =item Documenting the Interface =back =item Aggregation =item Inheritance =over 4 =item Overridden Methods =item Multiple Inheritance =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects =back =item Alternate Object Representations =over 4 =item Arrays as Objects =item Closures as Objects =back =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods =over 4 =item Autoloaded Data Methods =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods =back =item Metaclassical Tools =over 4 =item Class::Struct =item Data Members as Variables =back =item NOTES =over 4 =item Object Terminology =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =item COPYRIGHT =over 4 =item Acknowledgments =back =back =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Class Data in a Can =item Class Data as Package Variables =over 4 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket =item Inheritance Concerns =item The Eponymous Meta-Object =item Indirect References to Class Data =item Monadic Classes =item Translucent Attributes =back =item Class Data as Lexical Variables =over 4 =item Privacy and Responsibility =item File-Scoped Lexicals =item More Inheritance Concerns =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key =item Translucency Revisited =back =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlobj - Perl objects =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item An Object is Simply a Reference =item A Class is Simply a Package =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine =item Method Invocation =item Indirect Object Syntax =item Default UNIVERSAL methods isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) =item Destructors =item Summary =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item OO SCALING TIPS =item INSTANCE VARIABLES =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR =item DELEGATION =back =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Tying Scalars TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, DESTROY this =item Tying Arrays TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY this =item Tying Hashes USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this =item Tying FileHandles TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this =item UNTIE this =item The C<untie> Gotcha =back =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Signals =over 4 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons =back =item Named Pipes =over 4 =item Deferred Signals Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state =back =item Using open() for IPC =over 4 =item Filehandles =item Background Processes =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent =item Safe Pipe Opens =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself =back =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication =over 4 =item Internet Line Terminators =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers =back =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket =over 4 =item A Simple Client C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort> =item A Webget Client =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket =back =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse =item UDP: Message Passing =item SysV IPC =item NOTES =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to files, directories and network sockets =item Resource limits =item Killing the parent process =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions =back =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Storing numbers =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Status =item What Is A Thread Anyway? =item Threaded Program Models =over 4 =item Boss/Worker =item Work Crew =item Pipeline =back =item Native threads =item What kind of threads are Perl threads? =item Thread-Safe Modules =item Thread Basics =over 4 =item Basic Thread Support =item A Note about the Examples =item Creating Threads =item Giving up control =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit =item Ignoring A Thread =back =item Threads And Data =over 4 =item Shared And Unshared Data =item Thread Pitfalls: Races =back =item Synchronization and control =over 4 =item Controlling access: lock() =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks =item Queues: Passing Data Around =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access =item Basic semaphores =item Advanced Semaphores =item cond_wait() and cond_signal() =back =item General Thread Utility Routines =over 4 =item What Thread Am I In? =item Thread IDs =item Are These Threads The Same? =item What Threads Are Running? =back =item A Complete Example =item Performance considerations =item Process-scope Changes =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries =item Conclusion =item Bibliography =over 4 =item Introductory Texts =item OS-Related References =item Other References =back =item Acknowledgements =item AUTHOR =item Copyrights =back =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item What Is A Thread Anyway? =item Threaded Program Models =over 4 =item Boss/Worker =item Work Crew =item Pipeline =back =item Native threads =item What kind of threads are perl threads? =item Threadsafe Modules =item Thread Basics =over 4 =item Basic Thread Support =item Creating Threads =item Giving up control =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit =item Errors In Threads =item Ignoring A Thread =back =item Threads And Data =over 4 =item Shared And Unshared Data =item Thread Pitfall: Races =item Controlling access: lock() =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks =item Queues: Passing Data Around =back =item Threads And Code =over 4 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines =item Subroutine Locks =item Methods =item Locking A Subroutine =back =item General Thread Utility Routines =over 4 =item What Thread Am I In? =item Thread IDs =item Are These Threads The Same? =item What Threads Are Running? =back =item A Complete Example =item Conclusion =item Bibliography =over 4 =item Introductory Texts =item OS-Related References =item Other References =back =item Acknowledgements =item AUTHOR =item Copyrights =back =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is> portable =item ISSUES =over 4 =item Newlines =item Numbers endianness and Width =item Files and Filesystems =item System Interaction =item Command names versus file pathnames =item Interprocess Communication (IPC) =item External Subroutines (XS) =item Standard Modules =item Time and Date =item Character sets and character encoding =item Internationalisation =item System Resources =item Security =item Style =back =item CPAN Testers Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: http://testers.cpan.org/ =item PLATFORMS =over 4 =item Unix =item DOS and Derivatives =item S<Mac OS> =item VMS =item VOS =item EBCDIC Platforms =item Acorn RISC OS =item Other perls =back =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS =over 4 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS =back =item CHANGES v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 =item Supported Platforms =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS =back =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES =item USING LOCALES =over 4 =item The use locale pragma =item The setlocale function =item Finding locales =item LOCALE PROBLEMS =item Temporarily fixing locale problems =item Permanently fixing locale problems =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration =item Fixing system locale configuration =item The localeconv function =item I18N::Langinfo =back =item LOCALE CATEGORIES =over 4 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts =item LC_TIME =item Other categories =back =item SECURITY =item ENVIRONMENT PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG =item NOTES =over 4 =item Backward compatibility =item I18N:Collate obsolete =item Sort speed and memory use impacts =item write() and LC_NUMERIC =item Freely available locale definitions =item I18n and l10n =item An imperfect standard =back =item Unicode and UTF-8 =item BUGS =over 4 =item Broken systems =back =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Unicode =item Perl's Unicode Support =item Perl's Unicode Model =item Unicode and EBCDIC =item Creating Unicode =item Handling Unicode =item Legacy Encodings =item Unicode I/O =item Displaying Unicode As Text =item Special Cases =item Advanced Topics =item Miscellaneous =item Questions With Answers =item Hexadecimal Notation =item Further Resources =back =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS =item SEE ALSO =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE =back =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Important Caveats Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts =item Byte and Character Semantics =item Effects of Character Semantics =item Scripts =item Blocks =item User-Defined Character Properties =item Character Encodings for Input and Output =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level =item Unicode Encodings =item Security Implications of Unicode =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC =item Locales =item Using Unicode in XS =back =item BUGS =over 4 =item Interaction with Locales =item Interaction with Extensions =item Speed =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS =over 4 =item ASCII =item ISO 8859 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) =item EBCDIC =item 13 variant characters =item 0037 =item 1047 =item POSIX-BC =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC =item Unicode and UTF =item Using Encode =back =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS =item CONVERSIONS =over 4 =item tr/// =item iconv =item C RTL =back =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES =item SOCKETS =item SORTING =over 4 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. =item MONO CASE then sort data. =item Convert, sort data, then re convert. =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only. =back =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS =over 4 =item URL decoding and encoding =item uu encoding and decoding =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding =item Caesarian ciphers =back =item Hashing order and checksums =item I18N AND L10N =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS =item OS ISSUES =over 4 =item OS/400 IFS access =item OS/390, z/OS chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales =item VM/ESA? =item POSIX-BC? =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item REFERENCES =item HISTORY =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlsec - Perl security =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data =item Switches On the "#!" Line =item Cleaning Up Your Path =item Security Bugs =item Protecting Your Programs =item Unicode =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Packages =item Symbol Tables =item Package Constructors and Destructors =item Perl Classes =item Perl Modules =item Making your module threadsafe =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item PREAMBLE B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module =back =item PORTABILITY =item HEY =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY =over 4 =item Pragmatic Modules attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register =item Standard Modules AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32 =item Extension Modules =back =item CPAN =over 4 =item Africa South Africa =item Asia China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand =item Central America Costa Rica =item Europe Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom =item North America Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico =item United States Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, ashington, Wisconsin =item Oceania Australia, New Zealand =item South America Argentina, Brazil, Chile =item RSYNC Mirrors =back =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse =over 4 =item Guidelines for Module Creation =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code =back =item NOTE =back =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide =over 4 =item INTRODUCTION =item QUICK CHECKLIST =over 4 =item Before you start =item The API =item Stability =item Documentation =item Release considerations =back =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE =over 4 =item Has it been done before? =item Do one thing and do it well =item What's in a name? =back =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE =over 4 =item To OO or not to OO? =item Designing your API Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, Parameter passing =item Strictness and warnings =item Backwards compatibility =item Error handling and messages =back =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE =over 4 =item POD =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs =back =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS =over 4 =item Version numbering =item Pre-requisites =item Testing =item Packaging =item Licensing =back =item COMMON PITFALLS =over 4 =item Reinventing the wheel =item Trying to do too much =item Inappropriate documentation =back =item SEE ALSO L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Warning =item What should I make into a module? =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again =item Step-by-step: Making the module Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item What is Perl? =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? =item Which version of Perl should I use? =item What are perl4 and perl5? =item What is perl6? =item How stable is Perl? =item Is Perl difficult to learn? =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl? =item Can I do [task] in Perl? =item When shouldn't I program in Perl? =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? =item What is a JAPH? =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $, $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? =item How can I get a binary version of Perl? =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work. =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean? =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? =item Where can I get information on Perl? =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? =item Where should I post source code? =item Perl Books References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics =item Perl in Magazines =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access =item What mailing lists are there for Perl? =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? =item Where do I send bug reports? =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06 13:11:13 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How do I do (anything)? =item How can I use Perl interactively? =item Is there a Perl shell? =item How do I debug my Perl programs? =item How do I profile my Perl programs? =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? =item Is there a ctags for Perl? =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl, CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? =item How can I use curses with Perl? =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? =item How can I make my Perl program run faster? =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? =item How can I compile Perl into Java? =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong? =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? =item What's MakeMaker? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30 07:04:25 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Data: Numbers =over 4 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions? =item How do I convert between numeric representations? How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to binary =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? =item How do I multiply matrices? =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? =item How can I output Roman numerals? =item Why aren't my random numbers random? =item How do I get a random number between X and Y? =back =item Data: Dates =over 4 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? =item How do I find the current century or millennium? =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? =item How can I find the Julian Day? =item How do I find yesterday's date? =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? =back =item Data: Strings =over 4 =item How do I validate input? =item How do I unescape a string? =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? =item How do I expand function calls in a string? =item How do I find matching/nesting anything? =item How do I reverse a string? =item How do I expand tabs in a string? =item How do I reformat a paragraph? =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string? =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files) =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? =item How do I extract selected columns from a string? =item How do I find the soundex value of a string? =item How can I expand variables in text strings? =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work? 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag =back =item Data: Arrays =over 4 =item What is the difference between a list and an array? =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? a), b), c), d), e) =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array? =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays? =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? =item How do I handle linked lists? =item How do I handle circular lists? =item How do I shuffle an array randomly? =item How do I process/modify each element of an array? =item How do I select a random element from an array? =item How do I permute N elements of a list? =item How do I sort an array by (anything)? =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? =back =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) =over 4 =item How do I process an entire hash? =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it? =item How do I look up a hash element by value? =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? =item How can I always keep my hash sorted? =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it? =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays? =item How can I use a reference as a hash key? =back =item Data: Misc =over 4 =item How do I handle binary data correctly? =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? =item How do I define methods for every class/object? =item How do I verify a credit card checksum? =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30 07:04:25 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? =item How do I count the number of lines in a file? =item How do I make a temporary file name? =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? =item How can I write() into a string? =item How can I output my numbers with commas added? =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? =item How can I reliably rename a file? =item How can I lock a file? =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this? =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a file. Do I still have to use locking? =item How do I randomly update a binary file? =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? =item How do I print to more than one file at once? =item How can I read in an entire file all at once? =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl? =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? =item How do I close a file descriptor by number? =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work? =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? =item How do I select a random line from a file? =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01 22:31:09 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code? Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines? =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS? =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>? =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? =item What is C</o> really for? =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file? =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? =item How do I process each word on each line? =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? =item How can I do approximate matching? =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them? =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas? =item How do I skip some return values? =item How do I temporarily block warnings? =item What's an extension? =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? =item How do I declare/create a structure? =item How do I create a module? =item How do I create a class? =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? =item What's a closure? =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}? Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods =item How do I create a static variable? =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()? =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope? =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right? =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? =item How do I create a switch or case statement? =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? =item How can I find out my current package? =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? =item How do I clear a package? =item How can I use a variable as a variable name? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16 12:41:42 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? =item How come exec() doesn't return? =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? Keyboard, Screen, Mouse =item How do I print something out in color? =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? =item How do I clear the screen? =item How do I get the screen size? =item How do I ask the user for a password? =item How do I read and write the serial port? lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input =item How do I decode encrypted password files? =item How do I start a process in the background? STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies =item How do I trap control characters/signals? =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? =item How do I set the time and date? =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? =item How can I measure time under a second? =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? =item How can I call backticks without shell processing? =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)? =item How can I convert my shell script to perl? =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? =item How can I write expect in Perl? =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"? =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible? Unix =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete? =item How do I fork a daemon process? =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? =item How do I timeout a slow event? =item How do I set CPU limits? =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? =item How do I use an SQL database? =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? =item How do I open a file without blocking? =item How do I install a module from CPAN? =item What's the difference between require and use? =item How do I keep my own module/library directory? =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path? =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script? =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error) =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? =item How do I remove HTML from a string? =item How do I extract URLs? =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine? =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? =item How do I fetch an HTML file? =item How do I automate an HTML form submission? =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? =item How do I redirect to another page? =item How do I put a password on my web pages? =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things? =item How do I parse a mail header? =item How do I decode a CGI form? =item How do I check a valid mail address? =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? =item How do I return the user's mail address? =item How do I send mail? =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? =item How do I read mail? =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? =item How can I do RPC in Perl? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Layout B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref =back =item Using The Back Ends =over 4 =item The Cross Referencing Back End i, &, s, r =item The Decompiling Back End =item The Lint Back End =item The Simple C Back End =item The Bytecode Back End =item The Optimized C Back End =back =item Module List for the Compiler Suite B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref =item KNOWN PROBLEMS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item PREAMBLE B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?> =item ROADMAP =item Compiling your C program =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter =item Execution of END blocks =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program =back =item Embedding Perl under Win32 =item MORAL =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Debugger Internals =over 4 =item Writing Your Own Debugger =back =item Frame Listing Output Examples =item Debugging regular expressions =over 4 =item Compile-time output C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass> I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>, C<anchored(TYPE)> =item Types of nodes =item Run-time output =back =item Debugging Perl memory usage =over 4 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail: 6144> =item Example of using B<-DL> switch C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> =item B<-DL> details C<!!!>, C<!!>, C<!> =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SPECIAL NOTES =over 4 =item make =item Version caveat =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading =back =item TUTORIAL =over 4 =item EXAMPLE 1 =item EXAMPLE 2 =item What has gone on? =item Writing good test scripts =item EXAMPLE 3 =item What's new here? =item Input and Output Parameters =item The XSUBPP Program =item The TYPEMAP file =item Warning about Output Arguments =item EXAMPLE 4 =item What has happened here? =item Anatomy of .xs file =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs =item More about XSUB arguments =item The Argument Stack =item Extending your Extension =item Documenting your Extension =item Installing your Extension =item EXAMPLE 5 =item New Things in this Example =item EXAMPLE 6 =item New Things in this Example =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes =item Troubleshooting these Examples =back =item See also =item Author =over 4 =item Last Changed =back =back =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Introduction =item On The Road =item The Anatomy of an XSUB =item The Argument Stack =item The RETVAL Variable =item The MODULE Keyword =item The PACKAGE Keyword =item The PREFIX Keyword =item The OUTPUT: Keyword =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword =item The CODE: Keyword =item The INIT: Keyword =item The NO_INIT Keyword =item Initializing Function Parameters =item Default Parameter Values =item The PREINIT: Keyword =item The SCOPE: Keyword =item The INPUT: Keyword =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword =item Variable-length Parameter Lists =item The C_ARGS: Keyword =item The PPCODE: Keyword =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists =item The REQUIRE: Keyword =item The CLEANUP: Keyword =item The POSTCALL: Keyword =item The BOOT: Keyword =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword =item The ALIAS: Keyword =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword =item The INTERFACE: Keyword =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword =item The INCLUDE: Keyword =item The CASE: Keyword =item The & Unary Operator =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives =item Using XS With C++ =item Interface Strategy =item Perl Objects And C Structures =item The Typemap =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT =back =item EXAMPLES =item XS VERSION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Conventions C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s> =item File Operations =item File Input and Output =item File Positioning =item Memory Management and String Handling =item Character Class Tests =item F<stdlib.h> functions =item Miscellaneous functions =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Variables =over 4 =item Datatypes =item What is an "IV"? =item Working with SVs =item Offsets =item What's Really Stored in an SV? =item Working with AVs =item Working with HVs =item Hash API Extensions =item References =item Blessed References and Class Objects =item Creating New Variables GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN =item Reference Counts and Mortality =item Stashes and Globs =item Double-Typed SVs =item Magic Variables =item Assigning Magic =item Magic Virtual Tables =item Finding Magic =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays =item Localizing changes C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>, C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)> =back =item Subroutines =over 4 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs =item Memory Allocation =item PerlIO =item Putting a C value on Perl stack =item Scratchpads =item Scratchpads and recursion =back =item Compiled code =over 4 =item Code tree =item Examining the tree =item Compile pass 1: check routines =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding =item Compile pass 2: context propagation =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization =item Pluggable runops =back =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported =over 4 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT =item So what happened to dTHR? =item How do I use all this in extensions? =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS =back =item Internal Functions A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x =over 4 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer =item Source Documentation =back =item Unicode Support =over 4 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway? =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string? =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters? =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings? =item How do I convert a string to UTF8? =item Is there anything else I need to know? =back =item Custom Operators =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv =item FLAG VALUES =over 4 =item G_VOID =item G_SCALAR =item G_ARRAY =item G_DISCARD =item G_NOARGS =item G_EVAL =item G_KEEPERR =item Determining the Context =back =item KNOWN PROBLEMS =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned =item Passing Parameters =item Returning a Scalar =item Returning a list of values =item Returning a list in a scalar context =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list =item Using G_EVAL =item Using G_KEEPERR =item Using call_sv =item Using call_argv =item Using call_method =item Using GIMME_V =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback =item Alternate Stack Manipulation =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item DATE =back =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item DOCUMENTATION L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>, L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>, L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>, L<roffitall|roffitall> =item CONVERTORS L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl> =item Administration L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg> =item Development L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>, L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc> =item SEE ALSO =back =back =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item CONCEPTS =item USING FILTERS =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C B<Decryption Filters> =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER =item CONCLUSION =item REQUIREMENTS =item AUTHOR =item Copyrights =back =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>, B<filter_fetch_value> =over 4 =item The Filter =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. =item Another Example -- Key is a C int. =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item "Gimme" Values GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID =item Array Manipulation Functions AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv =item Callback Functions call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS =item Character classes isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER =item Cloning an interpreter perl_clone =item CV Manipulation Functions CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv =item Embedding Functions load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv =item Functions in file pp_pack.c pack_cat, unpack_str =item Global Variables PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes =item GV Functions GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv =item Handy Values HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv =item Hash Manipulation Functions get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv =item Magical Functions mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE =item Memory Management Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero =item Miscellaneous Functions fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE =item Numeric functions grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct =item Optree Manipulation Functions cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS =item Stack Manipulation Macros dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES =item SV Flags svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG =item SV Manipulation Functions get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn =item Unicode Support bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST, THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK =item Warning and Dieing croak, warn =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal> Perl functions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Global Variables PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs =item GV Functions is_gv_magical =item IO Functions start_glob =item Pad Data Structures CvPADLIST =item Stack Manipulation Macros djSP, LVRET =item SV Manipulation Functions report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item History and Background =item Layers vs Disciplines =item Data Structures =item Functions and Attributes =item Per-instance Data =item Layers in action. =item Per-instance flag bits PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS =item Methods in Detail fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode, Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt =item Core Layers "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8" =item Extension Layers ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via" =back =item TODO =back =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>, B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>, B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>, B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>, B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>, B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)> =over 4 =item Co-existence with stdio B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)> =item "Fast gets" Functions B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)> =item Other Functions PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...) =back =back =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item To do during 5.6.x =over 4 =item Support for I/O disciplines =item Autoload bytes.pm =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags) =item Overloadable regex assertions =item Unicode =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth =item Typed lexicals for compiler =item Compiler workarounds for Win32 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling =item Cleaning up exported namespace =item Complete signal handling =item Out-of-source builds =item POSIX realtime support =item UNIX98 support =item IPv6 Support =item Long double conversion =item Locales =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals =item POSIX Unicode character classes =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization) =item Security audit shipped utilities =item Sort out the uid-setting mess =item Custom opcodes =item DLL Versioning =item Introduce @( and @) =item Floating point handling =item IV/UV preservation =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser =item Automate module testing on CPAN =item sendmsg and recvmsg =item Rewrite perlre documentation =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles =item Document Win32 choices =item Check new modules =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself =back =item To do at some point =over 4 =item Remove regular expression recursion =item Memory leaks after failed eval =item bitfields in pack =item Cross compilation =item Perl preprocessor / macros =item Perl lexer in Perl =item Using POSIX calls internally =item -i rename file when changed =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt> =item Support for rerunning debugger =item Test Suite for the Debugger =item my sub foo { } =item One-pass global destruction =item Rewrite regexp parser =item Cache recently used regexps =item Cross-compilation support =item Bit-shifting bitvectors =item debugger pragma =item use less pragma =item switch structures =item Cache eval tree =item rcatmaybe =item Shrink opcode tables =item Optimize away @_ =item Prototypes versus indirect objects =item Install HTML =item Prototype method calls =item Return context prototype declarations =item magic_setisa =item Garbage collection =item IO tutorial =item Rewrite perldoc =item Install .3p manpages =item Unicode tutorial =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2 =item Retargetable installation =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems =item Rename Win32 headers =item Finish off lvalue functions =item Update sprintf documentation =item Use fchown/fchmod internally =item Make v-strings overloaded objects =item Allow restricted hash assignment =item Should overload be inheritable? =item Taint rethink =back =item Vague ideas =over 4 =item ref() in list context =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context =item Compile to real threaded code =item Structured types =item Modifiable $1 et al. =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc. =item RPC modules =item Attach/detach debugger from running program =item GUI::Native =item foreach(reverse ...) =item Constant function cache =item Approximate regular expression matching =back =item Ongoing =over 4 =item Update guts documentation =item Add more tests =item Update auxiliary tools =item Create debugging macros =item truncate to the people =item Unicode in Filenames =back =item Recently done things =over 4 =item Alternative RE syntax module =item Safe signal handling =item Tie Modules =item gettimeofday =item setitimer and getimiter =item Testing __DIE__ hook =item CPP equivalent in Perl =item Explicit switch statements =item autocroak =item UTF/EBCDIC =item UTF Regexes =item perlcc to produce executable =item END blocks saved in compiled output =item Secure temporary file module =item Integrate Time::HiRes =item Turn Cwd into XS =item Mmap for input =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion =item Add sockatmark support =item Mailing list archives =item Bug tracking =item Integrate MacPerl =item Web "nerve center" for Perl =item Regular expression tutorial =item Debugging Tutorial =item Integrate new modules =item Integrate profiler =item Y2K error detection =item Regular expression debugger =item POD checker =item "Dynamic" lexicals =item Cache precompiled modules =back =item Deprecated Wishes =over 4 =item Loop control on do{} =item Lexically scoped typeglobs =item format BOTTOM =item report HANDLE =item Generalised want()/caller()) =item Named prototypes =item Built-in globbing =item Regression tests for suidperl =item Cached hash values =item Add compression modules =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references =item Remove distinction between functions and operators =item Make XS easier to use =item Make embedding easier to use =item man for perl =item my $Package::variable =item "or" tests defined, not truth =item "class"-based lexicals =item byteperl =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal =item Make "use utf8" the default =item Unicode collation and normalization =item pack/unpack tutorial =back =back =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words =over 4 =item Keeping in sync rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the NFS, rsync'ing the patches =item Why rsync the source tree It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable =item Why rsync the patches It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour =item Perlbug remote interface 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests =item Submitting patches L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>, F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ =item Finding Your Way Around Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter =item Elements of the interpreter Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running =item Internal Variable Types =item Op Trees =item Stacks Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack =item Millions of Macros =item Poking at Perl =item Using a source-level debugger run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print =item Dumping Perl Data Structures =item Patching =item Patching a core module =item Adding a new function to the core =item Writing a test F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>, F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib =item Special Make Test Targets coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8 =back =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL =over 4 =item Rational Software's Purify =item Purify on Unix -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity =item Purify on NT DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL =item Profiling =item Gprof Profiling -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z =item GCC gcov Profiling =item Pixie Profiling -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage, -z[ero] =item Miscellaneous tricks =item CONCLUSION I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.> =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item INTRODUCTION =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN =over 4 =item PUMPKIN? =back =item THE RECORDS =over 4 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES =back =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS =back =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Highlights In 5.8.0 =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Binary Incompatibility =item 64-bit platforms and malloc =item AIX Dynaloading =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost) =item New Unicode Properties =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...) =item pack/unpack D/F recycled =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order =item Deprecations =back =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Unicode Overhaul =item PerlIO is Now The Default =item ithreads =item Restricted Hashes =item Safe Signals =item Understanding of Numbers =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561] =item Miscellaneous Changes =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules and Pragmata =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata =back =item Utility Changes =item New Documentation =item Performance Enhancements =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item Generic Improvements =item New Or Improved Platforms =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =over 4 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics =item Changed Internals =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561] =item New Tests =item Known Problems =over 4 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..) =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51 =item PDL failing some tests =item Perl_get_sv =item Self-tying Problems =item ext/threads/t/libc =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests =item Timing problems =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work =back =item Platform Specific Problems =over 4 =item AIX =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests =item AmigaOS =item BeOS =item Cygwin "unable to remap" =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT =item DJGPP Failures =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 =item Mac OS X =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols =item OS/2 Test Failures =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130 =item Solaris 2.5 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX) =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32 =item UNICOS/mk =item UTS =item VOS (Stratus) =item VMS =item Win32 =item XML::Parser not working =item z/OS (OS/390) =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now =back =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security Vulnerability Closed =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc =item AIX Dynaloading =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...} =item Deprecations =back =item Core Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules and Distributions =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata =back =item Utility Changes =item New Documentation =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item New Or Improved Platforms =item Generic Improvements =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =over 4 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics =item Source Code Enhancements =over 4 =item MAGIC constants =item Better commented code =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up =item gcc -Wall =back =item New Tests =item Known Problems =over 4 =item AIX =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 =item OS/390 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130 =item Failure of Thread tests =item UNICOS =item UTS =item VMS =item Win32 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental =back =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security Vulnerability Closed =item Incompatible Changes =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable =item PerlIO is Now The Default =item Signals Are Now Safe =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata =back =item Performance Enhancements =item Utility Changes =item New Documentation =over 4 =item perlclib =item perliol =item README.aix =item README.bs2000 =item README.macos =item README.mpeix =item README.solaris =item README.vos =item Porting/repository.pod =back =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item New Or Improved Platforms =item Generic Improvements d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s, need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark, d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =over 4 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics =item Changed Internals =item New Tests =item Known Problems =over 4 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX =item lib/b test 19 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS =item sprintf tests 129 and 130 =item Failure of Thread tests =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental =back =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Security Vulnerability Closed =item Incompatible Changes =item Core Enhancements =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata =back =item Utility Changes =item New Documentation =item Performance Enhancements =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item Generic Improvements =back =item Selected Bug Fixes =over 4 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics =item Changed Internals =item Known Problems =over 4 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms =item Threads Are Still Experimental =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental =back =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 =over 4 =item Security Issues =item Core bug fixes C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes, map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no Module;>, Tests =item Core features =item Configuration issues =item Documentation =item Bundled modules B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN, Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash =item Platform-specific improvements NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX =back =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency =item Lexically scoped warning categories =item Unicode and UTF-8 support =item Support for interpolating named characters =item "our" declarations =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals =item Improved Perl version numbering system =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes =item File and directory handles can be autovivified =item open() with more than two arguments =item 64-bit support =item Large file support =item Long doubles =item "more bits" =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed =item File globbing implemented internally =item Support for CHECK blocks =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported =item Better pseudo-random number generator =item Improved C<qw//> operator =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes =item pack() format 'Z' supported =item pack() format modifier '!' supported =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings =item Comments in pack() templates =item Weak references =item Binary numbers supported =item Lvalue subroutines =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues =item exists() is supported on subroutine names =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements =item Pseudo-hashes work better =item Automatic flushing of output buffers =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle =item eof() has the same old magic as <> =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure =item Improved diagnostics =item Diagnostics follow STDERR =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior =item syswrite() ease-of-use =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators =item Bit operators support full native integer width =item Improved security features =item More functional bareword prototype (*) =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string =item Optional Y2K warnings =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Modules attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters =item Pragmata =back =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item dprofpp =item find2perl =item h2xs =item perlcc =item perldoc =item The Perl Debugger =back =item Improved Documentation perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod =item Performance enhancements =over 4 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables =item Faster subroutine calls =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster =back =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item -Dusethreads means something different =item New Configure flags =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring =item Long Doubles =item -Dusemorebits =item -Duselargefiles =item installusrbinperl =item SOCKS support =item C<-A> flag =item Enhanced Installation Directories =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working =back =item Platform specific changes =over 4 =item Supported platforms =item DOS =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) =item VMS =item Win32 =back =item Significant bug fixes =over 4 =item <HANDLE> on empty files =item C<eval '...'> improvements =item All compilation errors are true errors =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer> =item Failures in DESTROY() =item Locale bugs fixed =item Memory leaks =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls =item Taint failures under C<-U> =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number =item New tests =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results =item C Source Incompatibilities C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC> =item Compatible C Source API Changes C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION> =item Binary Incompatibilities =back =item Known Problems =over 4 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory =item Known test failures =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run =item Arrow operator and arrays =item Experimental features Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: =back =item Obsolete Diagnostics Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements =over 4 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency =item Lexically scoped warning categories =item Unicode and UTF-8 support =item Support for interpolating named characters =item "our" declarations =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals =item Improved Perl version numbering system =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes =item File and directory handles can be autovivified =item open() with more than two arguments =item 64-bit support =item Large file support =item Long doubles =item "more bits" =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed =item File globbing implemented internally =item Support for CHECK blocks =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported =item Better pseudo-random number generator =item Improved C<qw//> operator =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes =item pack() format 'Z' supported =item pack() format modifier '!' supported =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings =item Comments in pack() templates =item Weak references =item Binary numbers supported =item Lvalue subroutines =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues =item exists() is supported on subroutine names =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements =item Pseudo-hashes work better =item Automatic flushing of output buffers =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle =item eof() has the same old magic as <> =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure =item Improved diagnostics =item Diagnostics follow STDERR =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior =item syswrite() ease-of-use =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators =item Bit operators support full native integer width =item Improved security features =item More functional bareword prototype (*) =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string =item Optional Y2K warnings =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Modules attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters =item Pragmata =back =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item dprofpp =item find2perl =item h2xs =item perlcc =item perldoc =item The Perl Debugger =back =item Improved Documentation perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod =item Performance enhancements =over 4 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables =item Faster subroutine calls =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster =back =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item -Dusethreads means something different =item New Configure flags =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring =item Long Doubles =item -Dusemorebits =item -Duselargefiles =item installusrbinperl =item SOCKS support =item C<-A> flag =item Enhanced Installation Directories =back =item Platform specific changes =over 4 =item Supported platforms =item DOS =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) =item VMS =item Win32 =back =item Significant bug fixes =over 4 =item <HANDLE> on empty files =item C<eval '...'> improvements =item All compilation errors are true errors =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer> =item Failures in DESTROY() =item Locale bugs fixed =item Memory leaks =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls =item Taint failures under C<-U> =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number =item New tests =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results =item C Source Incompatibilities C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC> =item Compatible C Source API Changes C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION> =item Binary Incompatibilities =back =item Known Problems =over 4 =item Thread test failures =item EBCDIC platforms not supported =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run =item Arrow operator and arrays =item Experimental features Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: =back =item Obsolete Diagnostics Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item About the new versioning system =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. =item Default installation structure has changed =item Perl Source Compatibility =item C Source Compatibility =item Binary Compatibility =item Security fixes may affect compatibility =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004 =item Licensing =back =item Core Changes =over 4 =item Threads =item Compiler =item Regular Expressions Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes =item Improved malloc() =item Quicksort is internally implemented =item Reliable signals =item Reliable stack pointers =item More generous treatment of carriage returns =item Memory leaks =item Better support for multiple interpreters =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module =item Pseudo-hashes are supported =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported =item Keywords can be globally overridden =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package =item Better locale support =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins =item Extended support for exception handling =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally =item New C<INIT> keyword =item New C<lock> keyword =item New C<qr//> operator =item C<our> is now a reserved word =item Tied arrays are now fully supported =item Tied handles support is better =item 4th argument to substr =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice =item Magic lvalues are now more magical =item <> now reads in records =back =item Supported Platforms =over 4 =item New Platforms =item Changes in existing support =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re =item Changes in existing modules Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd =back =item Utility Changes =item Documentation Changes =item New Diagnostics Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed =item Obsolete Diagnostics Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big =item Configuration Changes =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Supported Environments =item Core Changes =over 4 =item List assignment to %ENV works =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options =item More precise warnings =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified =item Group vector changeable with C<$)> =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc. =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc. =item No resetting of $. on implicit close =item C<wantarray> may return undef =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context =item Changes to tainting checks No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module =item Embedding improvements =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface =item New and changed syntax $coderef->(PARAMS) =item New and changed builtin constants __PACKAGE__ =item New and changed builtin variables $^E, $^H, $^M =item New and changed builtin functions delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals =item New builtin methods isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) =item TIEHANDLE now supported TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this =item Malloc enhancements -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements =back =item Support for More Operating Systems =over 4 =item Win32 =item Plan 9 =item QNX =item AmigaOS =back =item Pragmata use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish =item Modules =over 4 =item Required Updates =item Installation directories =item Module information summary =item Fcntl =item IO =item Math::Complex =item Math::Trig =item DB_File =item Net::Ping =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators =back =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item pod2html Sends converted HTML to standard output =item xsubpp C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing =back =item C Language API Changes C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for manipulating hashes =item Documentation Changes L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec> =item New Diagnostics "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX =item OS level =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl =item Using Large Files with Perl =item Threaded Perl =item 64-bit Perl =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics =back =item AUTHOR =item DATE =back =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS =over 4 =item NOTE =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS> =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS =back =item INSTALLATION =item Accessing documentation =over 4 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS =back =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS =over 4 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS =item Making Perl on AmigaOS =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS =back =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS =item BeOS Release-specific Notes R4 x86, R4 PPC =item Contact Information =item Update 2002-05-30 =back =back =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item gzip on BS2000 =item bison on BS2000 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000 =item Testing Perl on BS2000 =item Installing Perl on BS2000 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000 =back =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =over 4 =item Mailing list =back =item HISTORY =back =over 4 =item Name =item Description =item Build =over 4 =item Tools & SDK =item Make =back =item Acknowledgements =item Author =back =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN =over 4 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) =item Cygwin Configuration C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions =back =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN =over 4 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>), C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil> =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>, C<-Dmksymlinks> =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines =back =item MAKE ON CYGWIN =over 4 =item Warnings on Cygwin =item ld2 on Cygwin =back =item TEST ON CYGWIN =over 4 =item File Permissions on Cygwin =item NDBM_File does not work on FAT filesystems =item Script Portability on Cygwin Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous =back =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts =item BUGS ON CYGWIN =item AUTHORS =item HISTORY =back =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX =over 4 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX =item Testing Perl on DG/UX =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS DJGPP, Pthreads =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS =item Building Perl on DOS =item Testing Perl on DOS =item Installation of Perl on DOS =back =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS =over 4 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS =item Building XS Modules on DOS =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item INTRODUCTION =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC =over 4 =item Editors on Epoc =item Features of Perl on Epoc =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment =back =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC =item AUTHOR =item LAST UPDATE =back =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD" =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX =item PA-RISC =item PA-RISC 1.0 =item PA-RISC 1.1 =item PA-RISC 2.0 =item Itanium =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX =item The HP ANSI C Compiler =item The GNU C Compiler =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX =item Oracle on HP-UX =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX =item perl -P and // and HP-UX =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl =back =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent =item AUTHOR =item DATE =back =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix =item About Compiler Versions of Irix =item Linker Problems in Irix =item Malloc in Irix =item Building with threads in Irix =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t =item Building external modules on MachTen =back =item AUTHOR =item DATE =back =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =item DATE =back =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item NOTE =item Binary distribution from HP =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX =item Welcome to Perl/iX =item System Requirements for Perl/iX =item How to Obtain Perl/iX =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/, public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe =item How to Compile Perl/iX 4, 6 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation =item Perl/iX To-Do List =item Perl/iX Change History =item AUTHOR =item Name =item Description =item Build =over 4 =item Tools & SDK =item Setup SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat =item Make =item Interpreter =item Extensions =back =item Install =item Build new extensions =item Acknowledgements =item Authors =item Date =back =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Target =item Other OSes =item Prerequisites EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl =back =item Frequently asked questions =over 4 =item "It does not work" =item I cannot run external programs =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my program. Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use L<ExtUtils::Embed>? =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS. =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file> =back =item INSTALLATION =over 4 =item Automatic binary installation C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm> =item Manual binary installation Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh =item B<Warning> =back =item Accessing documentation =over 4 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file =item Plain text =item Manpages =item HTML =item GNU C<info> files =item F<PDF> files =item C<LaTeX> docs =back =item BUILD =over 4 =item The short story =item Prerequisites =item Getting perl source =item Application of the patches =item Hand-editing =item Making =item Testing A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>, F<op/stat.t> =item Installing the built perl =item C<a.out>-style build =back =item Build FAQ =over 4 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh. =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external =item Problems with tr or sed =item Some problem (forget which ;-) =item Library ... not found =item Segfault in make =item op/sprintf test failure =back =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port =over 4 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority> =item C<system()> =item C<extproc> on the first line =item Additional modules: =item Prebuilt methods: C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>, C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>, C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>, C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>, OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>, C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>, OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>, C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])> =item Prebuilt variables: $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork, $OS2::nsyserror =item Misfeatures =item Modifications C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>, C<flock> =item Identifying DLLs =item Centralized management of resources C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API, C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>, C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>, C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs =back =item Perl flavors =over 4 =item F<perl.exe> =item F<perl_.exe> =item F<perl__.exe> =item F<perl___.exe> =item Why strange names? =item Why dynamic linking? =item Why chimera build? =back =item ENVIRONMENT =over 4 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX> =item C<PERL_BADLANG> =item C<PERL_BADFREE> =item C<PERL_SH_DIR> =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK> =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP> =back =item Evolution =over 4 =item Text-mode filehandles =item Priorities =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from C<LIBPATH> =item DLL forwarder generation =item Threading =item Calls to external programs =item Memory allocation =item Threads C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c> =back =item BUGS =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Tools =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390 =item Configure Perl on OS/390 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390 =back =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =over 4 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390 =back =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4 =item QNX auxiliary files qnx/ar, qnx/cpp =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6 =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Invoking Perl =item What's in Plan 9 Perl =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl =back =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9 =over 4 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9 =back =item BUGS =item Revision date =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Solaris Version Numbers. =back =item RESOURCES Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation =item SETTING UP =over 4 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris. =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris. =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris =back =item RUN CONFIGURE. =over 4 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris. =item Threads in Perl on Solaris. =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris. =back =item MAKE PROBLEMS. Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found =item MAKE TEST =over 4 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent =back =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS. =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS. =over 4 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris. =back =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES. =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES. =over 4 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris =item BSD::Resource on Solaris =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris =back =item AUTHOR =item LAST MODIFIED =back =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64 =item Long Doubles on Tru64 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64 =back =item Testing Perl on Tru64 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS =item Installing the built perl on UTS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA =back =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =over 4 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA =back =back =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Installation =item Organization of Perl Images =over 4 =item Core Images =item Perl Extensions =item Installing static extensions =item Installing dynamic extensions =back =item File specifications =over 4 =item Syntax =item Wildcard expansion =item Pipes =back =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB =item Command line =over 4 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding =item Command line switches -i, -S, -u =back =item Perl functions File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS =item Perl variables %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $| =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences =over 4 =item SDBM_File =back =item Revision date =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =over 4 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS =item Stratus POSIX Support =back =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS =over 4 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS =back =item USING PERL IN VOS =over 4 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS =item Handling of underflow and overflow =back =item TEST STATUS =item SUPPORT STATUS =item AUTHOR =item LAST UPDATE =back =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC =item Building =item Testing Perl on Win32 =item Installation of Perl on Win32 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows =item Running Perl Scripts Miscellaneous Things =back =item BUGS AND CAVEATS =item AUTHORS Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt> =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION method, locked =back =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORT =item FUNCTIONS share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE =item NOTES =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach, threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();, threads->list();, async BLOCK; =item WARNINGS A thread exited while %d other threads were still running =item TODO =item BUGS Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Built-in Attributes locked, method, lvalue =item Available Subroutines get, reftype =item Package-specific Attribute Handling FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES =item Syntax of Attribute Lists =back =item EXPORTS =over 4 =item Default exports =item Available exports =item Export tags defined =back =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION method, locked =back =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item WARNING =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item OPTIONS a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version =item MATH LIBRARY =item INTERNAL FORMAT =item SIGN =item METHODS =back =item MODULES USED =item EXAMPLES =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item OPTIONS a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version =item MATH LIBRARY =item INTERNAL FORMAT =item SIGN =item METHODS =back =item MODULES USED =item EXAMPLES =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item MODULES USED =item MATH LIBRARY =item SIGN =item METHODS =back =item EXAMPLES perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)' perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255' perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255' perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3' perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()'; =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character semantics =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS =item charnames::viacode(code) =item charnames::vianame(name) =item ALIASES =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS =item BUGS =back =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTES =over 4 =item List constants =item Defining multiple constants at once =item Magic constants =back =item TECHNICAL NOTES =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma =item The I<splain> Program =back =item EXAMPLES =item INTERNALS =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8 =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item USAGE use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt> I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding; =item CAVEATS =over 4 =item NOT SCOPED =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS =back =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1; =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl =item KNOWN PROBLEMS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 fields - compile-time class fields =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION new, phash =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item subpragma access =back =back =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating point =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Adding directories to @INC =item Deleting directories from @INC =item Restoring original @INC =back =item CAVEATS =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Declaration of overloaded functions =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations FALSE, TRUE, C<undef> =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations =item Calling Conventions for Mutators C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions =item Overloadable Operations I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>, I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special> =item Inheritance and overloading Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes =back =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload> =over 4 =item Last Resort =item Fallback C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE =item Copy Constructor B<Example> =back =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>, I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>, I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Copy operator> =item Losing overloading =item Run-time Overloading =item Public functions overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op) =item Overloading constants integer, float, binary, q, qr =item IMPLEMENTATION =item Metaphor clash =item Cookbook =over 4 =item Two-face scalars =item Two-face references =item Symbolic calculator =item I<Really> symbolic calculator =back =item AUTHOR =item DIAGNOSTICS Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable type, `%s' is not a code reference =item BUGS =back =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS =over 4 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler> =item SIGNAL LISTS B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals> =item OTHER B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number> =back =item EXAMPLES =back =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEATS =back =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs> =back =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach, threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();, threads->list();, async BLOCK; =item WARNINGS A thread exited while %d other threads were still running =item TODO =item BUGS Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORT =item FUNCTIONS share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE =item NOTES =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Utility functions $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING) =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed> =back =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), warnings::warnif($object, $message) =back =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item DBM Comparisons [0], [1], [2], [3] =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] =over 4 =item Typed lexicals =item Type-specific attribute handlers =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers =item Phase-specific attribute handlers =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces =back =item EXAMPLES =item DIAGNOSTICS C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>, C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't be able to apply END handler> =item AUTHOR =item BUGS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Subroutine Stubs =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine =item Package Lexicals =item Not Using AutoLoader =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader> =back =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $keep, $check, $modtime =over 4 =item Multiple packages =back =item DIAGNOSTICS =back =head2 B - The Perl Compiler =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES =over 4 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES =item B::SV METHODS REFCNT, FLAGS =item B::IV METHODS IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv =item B::NV METHODS NV, NVX =item B::RV METHODS RV =item B::PV METHODS PV, RV, PVX =item B::PVMG METHODS MAGIC, SvSTASH =item B::MAGIC METHODS MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX =item B::PVLV METHODS TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG =item B::BM METHODS USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE =item B::GV METHODS is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS =item B::IO METHODS LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD =item B::AV METHODS FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS =item B::CV METHODS STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv =item B::HV METHODS FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY =item OP-RELATED CLASSES =item B::OP METHODS next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private =item B::UNOP METHOD first =item B::BINOP METHOD last =item B::LOGOP METHOD other =item B::LISTOP METHOD children =item B::PMOP METHODS pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags, pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet =item B::SVOP METHOD sv, gv =item B::PADOP METHOD padix =item B::PVOP METHOD pv =item B::LOOP METHODS redoop, nextop, lastop =item B::COP METHODS label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line =back =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B> main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHORS =back =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Functions B<find_leaders> =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =back =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>, B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>, B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>, B<-llimit> =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>, B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>, B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item DIFFERENCES =over 4 =item Loops =item Context of ".." =item Arithmetic =item Deprecated features =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLE =item OPTIONS B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>, B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>, B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env> =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>, B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>, B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>, B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>, B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>, B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>, B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum> =item ABBREVIATIONS =over 4 =item OP flags abbreviations =item OP class abbreviations =back =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL> =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE =over 4 =item Synopsis =item Description =item new =item ambient_pragmas strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits =item coderef2text =back =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none> =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS B<-u Package> =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONVENTIONS =item IMPLEMENTATION =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]> =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Functions B<find_leaders> =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods new, debug, iters =item Standard Exports timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) =item Optional Exports clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 ) =back =item NOTES =item EXAMPLES =item INHERITANCE =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =back =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =back =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER: =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST: =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH: =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE: =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>, B<:standard>, B<:all> =item PRAGMAS -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates a </ul> tag) =back =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS =over 4 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6.. =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> (B<-query_string>), B<-base> =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS =back =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: =over 4 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS =item AUTOESCAPING HTML $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML =back =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: =over 4 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data> =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD B<Parameters> =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD B<Parameters> =item CREATING A POPUP MENU =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON =back =item HTTP COOKIES 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure> =item WORKING WITH FRAMES 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the <form> tag =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS =item DEBUGGING =over 4 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS =back =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>, B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()> =item USING NPH SCRIPTS In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph> parameters =item Server Push multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final() =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts> =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item CREDITS Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more.. =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW =over 4 =item Changing the default message =back =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS =item CHANGE LOG =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USING CGI::Cookie B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag> =over 4 =item Creating New Cookies =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser =item Recovering Previous Cookies =item Manipulating Cookies B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()> =back =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Tags that won't be formatted =item Customizing the Indenting =back =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USING CGI::Push -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph =over 4 =item Heterogeneous Pages =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly =back =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Interactive Mode Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or distribution, ls author, Signals =item CPAN::Shell =item autobundle =item recompile =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution =item Programmer's interface expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples =item Methods in the other Classes CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid() =item Cache Manager =item Bundles =item Prerequisites =item Finding packages and VERSION =item Debugging =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode =back =item CONFIGURATION C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt> E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>> =over 4 =item Note on urllist parameter's format =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support =back =item SECURITY =item EXPORT =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS =over 4 =item Three basic types of firewalls http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall =back =item FAQ 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10) =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item TRANSLATIONS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Forcing a Stack Trace =back =item BUGS =back =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS) =item CAUTIONARY NOTES =item COPYRIGHT =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The C<struct()> function =item Class Creation at Compile Time =item Element Types and Accessor Methods Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>) =item Initializing with C<new> =back =item EXAMPLES Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 =item Author and Modification History =back =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) =item EXAMPLE =item WARNING =item GLOSSARY =over 4 =item _ C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o> =item a C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk> =item b C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder> =item c C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>, C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>, C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>, C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto> =item d C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>, C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext> =item e C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>, C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>, C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras> =item f C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>, C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed> =item g C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip> =item h C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat> =item i C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>, C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype> =item k C<known_extensions>, C<ksh> =item l C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>, C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>, C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>, C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>, C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype> =item m C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>, C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>, C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext> =item M C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname> =item n C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>, C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>, C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype> =item o C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>, C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs> =item p C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>, C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel> =item P C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>, C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>, C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize> =item q C<quadkind>, C<quadtype> =item r C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm> =item s C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>, C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>, C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>, C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman> =item t C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>, C<ttyname_r_proto> =item u C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>, C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>, C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>, C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat> =item v C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags> =item x C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion> =item y C<yacc>, C<yaccflags> =item z C<zcat>, C<zip> =back =item NOTE =back =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item getcwd and friends getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd =item abs_path and friends abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path =item $ENV{PWD} =back =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to change) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Global Variables $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, $DB::lineno =item API Methods CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() =item Client Callback Methods CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->output(LIST) =back =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO> =over 4 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater =item Interface to Berkeley DB =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File =item Default Parameters =item In Memory Databases =back =item DB_HASH =over 4 =item A Simple Example =back =item DB_BTREE =over 4 =item Changing the BTREE sort order =item Handling Duplicate Keys =item The get_dup() Method =item The find_dup() Method =item The del_dup() Method =item Matching Partial Keys =back =item DB_RECNO =over 4 =item The 'bval' Option =item A Simple Example =item Extra RECNO Methods B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>, B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset, length, elements);> =item Another Example =back =item THE API INTERFACE B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key, $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;> =item DBM FILTERS B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>, B<filter_fetch_value> =over 4 =item The Filter =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. =item Another Example -- Key is a C int. =back =item HINTS AND TIPS =over 4 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd =item Safe ways to lock a database B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock> =item Sharing Databases With C Applications =item The untie() Gotcha =back =item COMMON QUESTIONS =over 4 =item Why is there Perl source in my database? =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? =back =item REFERENCES =item HISTORY =item BUGS =item AVAILABILITY =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval> =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or> I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Reset =item Functions Dumper(I<LIST>) =item Configuration Variables or Methods $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>) =item Exports Dumper =back =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item VERSION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item PROFILE FORMAT =item AUTOLOAD =item ENVIRONMENT =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item WriteFile =back =item ppport.h =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Runtime debugging =item Memory footprint debugging =back =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item A simple scalar string =item A simple scalar number =item A simple scalar with an extra reference =item A reference to a simple scalar =item A reference to an array =item A reference to a hash =item Dumping a large array or hash =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer =item A reference to a subroutine =back =item EXPORTS =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64> =item OO INTERFACE $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...), $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...) =item METHODS $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...), $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =item AUTHORS =back =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTES =back =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Creation C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>, C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal =item Methods dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get =back =back =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap() =item AUTHOR =back =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Encode - character encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =over 4 =item Table of Contents =back =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item TERMINOLOGY =back =item PERL ENCODING API $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING, $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [, CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [, CHECK]); =over 4 =item Listing available encodings =item Defining Aliases =back =item Encoding via PerlIO =item Handling Malformed Data I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask =over 4 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes =back =item Defining Encodings =item The UTF-8 flag Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4: =over 4 =item Messing with Perl's Internals is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING) =back =item SEE ALSO =item MAINTAINER =back =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code reference, e.g.: =over 4 =item Alias overloading =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_* =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTES =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods you should implement -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]) =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines() =item Example: Encode::ROT13 =back =item Why the heck Encode API is different? =over 4 =item Compiled Encodings =back =item SEE ALSO Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes =back =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>]) =item CAVEATS =item TO DO =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)? =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP* =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO =over 4 =item Overview =item How does it work? =item BUGS =over 4 =item Workaround =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ? =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Encoding Names =back =item Supported Encodings =over 4 =item Built-in Encodings =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte) Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea, Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN =item Miscellaneous encodings Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess =back =item Unsupported encodings ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings, Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS, Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai) =over 4 =item Microsoft-related naming mess KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS =back =item Glossary character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, UTF-16 =item See Also =item References ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary =over 4 =item Other Notable Sites czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: "Introduction to i18n" =item Offline sources C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde =back =back =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTES =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference =item Size, Endianness, and BOM =over 4 =item by size =item by endianness BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order =back =item Surrogate Pairs =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code reference, e.g.: =over 4 =item Alias overloading =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_* =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods you should implement -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]) =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines() =item Example: Encode::ROT13 =back =item Why the heck Encode API is different? =over 4 =item Compiled Encodings =back =item SEE ALSO Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes =back =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>]) =item CAVEATS =item TO DO =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP* =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO =over 4 =item Overview =item How does it work? =item BUGS =over 4 =item Workaround =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ? =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Encoding Names =back =item Supported Encodings =over 4 =item Built-in Encodings =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte) Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea, Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN =item Miscellaneous encodings Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess =back =item Unsupported encodings ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings, Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS, Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai) =over 4 =item Microsoft-related naming mess KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS =back =item Glossary character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, UTF-16 =item See Also =item References ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary =over 4 =item Other Notable Sites czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: "Introduction to i18n" =item Offline sources C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde =back =back =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS use Encode::Encoder; # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data); Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way # shortcut use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder); encoder($data)->iso_8859_1; # you can stack them! encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined # you can use it as a decoder as well encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1; # stringified print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1 # numified encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data) =item ABSTRACT =item Description =over 4 =item Predefined Methods $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]), $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding]) =item Example: base64 transcoder =item Operator Overloading =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8 =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item USAGE use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt> I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding; =item CAVEATS =over 4 =item NOT SCOPED =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS =back =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1; =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl =item KNOWN PROBLEMS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS use Encode::Encoder; # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data); Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way # shortcut use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder); encoder($data)->iso_8859_1; # you can stack them! encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined # you can use it as a decoder as well encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1; # stringified print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1 # numified encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data) =item ABSTRACT =item Description =over 4 =item Predefined Methods $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]), $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding]) =item Example: base64 transcoder =item Operator Overloading =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item PERFORMANCE =back =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item LIMITATIONS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Errno - System errno constants =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How to Export =item Selecting What To Export =item How to Import C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);> =back =item Advanced features =over 4 =item Specialised Import Lists =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method =item Module Version Checking =item Managing Unknown Symbols =item Tag Handling Utility Functions =item Generating combined tags =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants =back =back =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back cat eqtime src dst rm_rf files... rm_f files... touch files .. mv source... destination cp source... destination chmod mode files.. mkpath directory.. test_f file =over 4 =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<test_harness> =back =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USAGE IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF =item FUNCTIONS =back C_stringify NAME perl_stringify NAME constant_types memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE.. return_clause switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM.. params WHAT dump_names dogfood C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item def_post, utf8 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER WriteMakefileSnippet WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item @EXPORT =item FUNCTIONS xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USAGE =item FUNCTIONS new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version() =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For dynamic extensions at load time =over 4 =item EXTRALIBS =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH =item BSLOADLIBS =back =item PORTABILITY =over 4 =item VMS implementation =item Win32 implementation =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods =over 4 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED> canonpath =back =back catdir catfile curdir file_name_is_absolute path rootdir updir =over 4 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods test_via_harness =back test_via_script =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back perl_archive =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Overridden methods B<replace_manpage_separator> =back =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back maybe_command guess_name macify patternify init_main init_others init_dirscan libscan (o) constants (o) static (o) dlsyms (o) dynamic (o) clean (o) realclean (o) rulez (o) processPL (o) =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back constants (o) static_lib (o) dynamic_lib (o) =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =back perl_archive_after =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Overridden methods B<replace_manpage_separator> =back =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =back =over 4 =item SelfLoaded methods c_o (o) =back cflags (o) clean (o) const_cccmd (o) const_config (o) const_loadlibs (o) constants (o) depend (o) dir_target (o) dist (o) dist_basics (o) dist_ci (o) dist_core (o) dist_dir dist_test dlsyms (o) dynamic (o) dynamic_bs (o) dynamic_lib (o) exescan extliblist find_perl find_tests =over 4 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile fixin =back force (o) guess_name has_link_code init_dirscan init_main init_others init_INST init_INSTALL init_lib2arch init_PERL init_PERM install (o) installbin (o) libscan (o) linkext (o) lsdir macro (o) makeaperl (o) makefile (o) manifypods (o) maybe_command maybe_command_in_dirs needs_linking (o) nicetext parse_abstract parse_version pasthru (o) perl_script perldepend (o) perm_rw (o) perm_rwx (o) pm_to_blib post_constants (o) post_initialize (o) postamble (o) ppd prefixify processPL (o) quote_paren realclean (o) replace_manpage_separator static (o) static_lib (o) staticmake (o) subdir_x (o) subdirs (o) test (o) test_via_harness (override) test_via_script (override) tool_autosplit (o) tools_other (o) tool_xsubpp (o) top_targets (o) writedoc xs_c (o) xs_cpp (o) xs_o (o) perl_archive perl_archive_after export_list =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods always loaded wraplist =back =back =over 4 =item Methods guess_name (override) =back find_perl (override) maybe_command (override) maybe_command_in_dirs (override) perl_script (override) replace_manpage_separator init_main (override) init_others (override) constants (override) cflags (override) const_cccmd (override) pm_to_blib (override) tool_autosplit (override) tool_sxubpp (override) xsubpp_version (override) tools_other (override) dist (override) c_o (override) xs_c (override) xs_o (override) top_targets (override) dlsyms (override) dynamic_lib (override) dynamic_bs (override) static_lib (override) manifypods (override) processPL (override) installbin (override) subdir_x (override) clean (override) realclean (override) dist_core (override) dist_test (override) install (override) perldepend (override) makefile (override) find_tests (override) test (override) makeaperl (override) nicetext (override) prefixify (override) =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back constants (o) static_lib (o) dynamic_bs (o) dynamic_lib (o) perl_script pm_to_blib tool_autosplit (override) tools_other (o) xs_o (o) top_targets (o) manifypods (o) dist_ci (o) dist_core (o) pasthru (o) =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL =item Default Makefile Behaviour =item make test =item make testdb =item make install =item PREFIX and LIB attribute =item AFS users =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations =item Which architecture dependent directory? =item Using Attributes and Parameters ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION =item Additional lowercase attributes clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, tool_autosplit =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>> =item Hintsfile support =item Distribution Support make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci =item Disabling an extension =back =item ENVIRONMENT PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item MANIFEST.SKIP =item EXPORT_OK =item GLOBAL VARIABLES =item DIAGNOSTICS C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file> =item ENVIRONMENT B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG> =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME =item AUTHOR =item REVISION =back =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USAGE =item FUNCTIONS new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS =back =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse =item EXAMPLES C<basename>, C<dirname> =back =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =item HISTORY =back =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item RETURN =item AUTHOR =back =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32) rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) =back =item RETURN =item NOTES =item AUTHOR =back =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTES =item EXPORTS (by request only) =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<find>, B<finddepth> =over 4 =item %options C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>, C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip> =item The wanted function C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete pathname to the file =back =item WARNINGS =item CAVEAT $dont_use_nlink, symlinks =item NOTES =item HISTORY =back =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT> =item DIAGNOSTICS C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND> =item NOTES =item AUTHOR =back =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHORS =back =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir, no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath, splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs() =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION canonpath() =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Exports =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS canonpath =back catdir() catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir file_name_is_absolute path splitpath splitdir catpath abs2rel rel2abs =over 4 =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back canonpath splitpath splitdir catpath =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS canonpath() =back catdir() catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir no_upwards case_tolerant file_name_is_absolute path join splitpath splitdir catpath() abs2rel rel2abs() =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION eliminate_macros =back fixpath =over 4 =item Methods always loaded canonpath (override) =back catdir catfile curdir (override) devnull (override) rootdir (override) tmpdir (override) updir (override) case_tolerant (override) path (override) file_name_is_absolute (override) splitpath (override) splitdir (override) catpath (override) abs2rel (override) rel2abs (override) =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION devnull =back tmpdir catfile canonpath splitpath splitdir catpath =over 4 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely =over 4 =item PORTABILITY =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item FUNCTIONS B<tempfile> =back B<tempdir> =over 4 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS B<mkstemp> =back B<mkstemps> B<mkdtemp> B<mktemp> =over 4 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS B<tmpnam> =back B<tmpfile> =over 4 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS B<tempnam> =back =over 4 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS B<unlink0> =back =over 4 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH =back TopSystemUID =over 4 =item WARNING =over 4 =item Temporary files and NFS =back =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR =item CAVEATS =item BUGS =back =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The Problem =item A Solution =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour =item All-in-one interface =item Filtering only specific components of source code C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">, C<"all"> =item Filtering only the code parts of source code Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'> component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial filters described in the previous section. =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together =item How it works =back =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call> =item B<import()> =item B<filter() and anonymous sub> B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del> =back =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Example 1: A simple filter. =item Example 2: Using the context =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter =item Example 4: Using filter_del =back =item Filter::Simple =item AUTHOR =item DATE =back =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES =item KNOWN ISSUES =item KNOWN BUGS =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AVAILABILITY =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Command Line Options, an Introduction =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long =over 4 =item Simple options =item A little bit less simple options =item Mixing command line option with other arguments =item Options with values =item Options with multiple values =item Options with hash values =item User-defined subroutines to handle options =item Options with multiple names =item Case and abbreviations =item Summary of Option Specifications !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], : + [ I<desttype> ] =back =item Advanced Possibilities =over 4 =item Object oriented interface =item Thread Safety =item Documentation and help texts =item Storing options in a hash =item Bundling =item The lonesome dash =item Argument callback =back =item Configuring Getopt::Long default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) =item Return values and Errors =item Legacy =over 4 =item Default destinations =item Alternative option starters =item Configuration variables =back =item Trouble Shooting =over 4 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long? =back =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER =back =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Restricted hashes lock_keys, unlock_keys =back =back lock_value, unlock_value B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash> =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back the function is_language_tag($lang1) the function extract_language_tags($whatever) the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2) the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2) the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2) the function super_languages($lang1) the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier) the function encode_language_tag($lang1) the function alternate_language_tags($lang1) the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages) =over 4 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =item AUTHOR =back =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS =item LIST OF LANGUAGES {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} : Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} : Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian, {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} : Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian, {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} : Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} : Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami, {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} : Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} : Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon} : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages], {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} : Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan, [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} : Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages], {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER =item AUTHOR =back =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item EXPORT =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 IO - load various IO modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile =item METHODS open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) =item METHODS $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint =item NOTE =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [READER, WRITER] ) =item METHODS reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HANDLES ] ) =item METHODS add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL]) =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =over 4 =item METHODS sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost () =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS hostpath(), peerpath() =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile =item METHODS open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) =item METHODS $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint =item NOTE =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [READER, WRITER] ) =item METHODS reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HANDLES ] ) =item METHODS add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL]) =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =over 4 =item METHODS sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost () =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS hostpath(), peerpath() =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item WARNING =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item WARNING =back =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION ftok( PATH, ID ) =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST =item KNOWN BUGS =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST =item KNOWN BUGS =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF =item KNOWN BUGS =item COPYRIGHT =item BLATANT PLUG =back =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric> =item CONVERSION ROUTINES code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET ) =item QUERY ROUTINES C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )> =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES =over 4 =item alias_code =item rename_country =back =item EXAMPLES =item DOMAIN NAMES =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html, http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html, http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION XTS, XXX =item CONVERSION ROUTINES code2currency(), currency2code() =item QUERY ROUTINES C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()> =item EXAMPLES =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONVERSION ROUTINES code2language(), language2code() =item QUERY ROUTINES C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()> =item EXAMPLES =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F), http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item QUICK OVERVIEW =item METHODS =over 4 =item Construction Methods =item The "maketext" Method $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto =item Utility Methods $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative), $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items), $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding() =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals =back =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON =item BRACKET NOTATION =item AUTO LEXICONS =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes =over 4 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You =item The Linguistic View =item Breaking gettext =item Replacing gettext =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation =item Buzzword: Isomorphism =item Buzzword: Inheritance =item Buzzword: Concision =item The Devil in the Details =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites =item References =back =back =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric> =over 4 =item SPECIAL CODES =back =item CONVERSION ROUTINES code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET ) =item QUERY ROUTINES C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )> =item EXAMPLES =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924, http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/ =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str) =item DIAGNOSTICS Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data =item EXAMPLES =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str); =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str); =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Canonical notation =item Output =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()> =item Accuracy vs. Precision =item Rounding ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 ) =back =item EXAMPLES # not ready yet =item Autocreating constants =over 4 =item Math library =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite =back =item BUGS =item CAVEAT stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow =item LICENSE =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION Canonical notation, Input, Output =item METHODS =over 4 =item config =item accuracy =item brsft =item new =item bnan =item bzero =item binf =item bone =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf() =item is_positive()/is_negative() $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int() =item bcmp =item bacmp =item sign =item bcmp =item bneg =item babs =item bnorm =item bnot =item binc =item bdec =item badd =item bsub =item bmul =item bdiv =item bmod =item bmodinv =item bmodpow =item bpow =item blsft =item brsft =item band =item bior =item bxor =item bnot =item bsqrt =item bfac =item round =item bround =item bfround =item bfloor =item bceil =item bgcd =item blcm =item exponent =item mantissa =item parts =item copy =item as_number =item bsstr =item as_hex =item as_bin =back =item ACCURACY and PRECISION =over 4 =item Precision P =item Accuracy A =item Fallback F =item Rounding mode R 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage, Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values, Remarks =back =item INTERNALS =over 4 =item MATH LIBRARY =item SIGN =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts() =back =item EXAMPLES use Math::BigInt; =item Autocreating constants =item PERFORMANCE =over 4 =item Alternative math libraries =item SUBCLASSING =back =item Subclassing Math::BigInt =item UPGRADING =over 4 =item Auto-upgrade bsqrt(), div(), blog() =back =item BUGS Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0 =item CAVEATS stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt(), brsft() =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORT =item WRAP YOUR OWN =item LICENSE This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item MATH LIBRARY =back =item METHODS =over 4 =item new() =item numerator() =item denominator() $d = $x->denominator(); =item parts() =item as_number() =item bfac() =item blog() =item bround()/round()/bfround() =back =item BUGS =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPERATIONS =item CREATION =item STRINGIFICATION =over 4 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 =back =item USAGE =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS B<tan> =over 4 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS =back =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS =over 4 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical =back =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS =back =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item DETAILS =item OPTIONS =over 4 =item INSTALL =item NORMALIZER =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE> C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE> =back =item OTHER FACILITIES =over 4 =item C<unmemoize> =item C<flush_cache> =back =item CAVEATS =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT =item BUGS =item MAILING LIST =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =item THANK YOU =back =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item INTERFACE TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE =item ALTERNATIVES =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR> =item DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...> =back =item BUGS AND WARNINGS =back =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Enforcing redispatch =item Avoiding repetitions =back =item AUTHOR =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USER METHODS debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ), dataend () =item CLASS METHODS debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ... ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (), ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh () =item EXPORTS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet =over 4 =item SYNOPSYS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS requires_firewall HOST =item NetConfig VALUES nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts, time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists =back =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain () =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERVIEW =item CONSTRUCTOR new (HOST [,OPTIONS]) =item METHODS login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]), site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS]) ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit () =over 4 =item Methods for the adventurous quot (CMD [,ARGS]) =back =item THE dataconn CLASS read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), bytes_read (), abort (), close () =item UNIMPLEMENTED B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN> =item REPORTING BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =item USE EXAMPLES http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz =item CREDITS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ]) =item METHODS article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit () =over 4 =item Extension methods newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (), overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath ( MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [ GROUP ] ), reader =back =item UNSUPPORTED =item DEFINITIONS MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d> =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] ) =item METHODS user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit () =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Functions Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); =back =item WARNING =item NOTES =item INSTALL =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item CONSTRUCTOR new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] =item METHODS banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit () =item ADDRESSES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]) =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Where to get this document =item How to contribute to this document =back =item Author and Copyright Information =over 4 =item Disclaimer =back =item Obtaining and installing libnet =over 4 =item What is libnet ? =item Which version of perl do I need ? =item What other modules do I need ? =item What machines support libnet ? =item Where can I get the latest libnet release =back =item Using Net::FTP =over 4 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ? =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ? =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ? =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server ? =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ? =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ? =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ? =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ? =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ? =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside ? =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP server ? =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it documented ? =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods =back =item Using Net::SMTP =over 4 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the hostname ? =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ? =item The verify method always returns true ? =back =item Debugging scripts =over 4 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item THE .netrc FILE machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef name =item CONSTRUCTOR lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ]) =item METHODS login (), password (), account (), lpa () =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONVENTIONS =item IMPLEMENTATION =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR> =item DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...> =back =item BUGS AND WARNINGS =back =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item WARNING =item Operator Names and Operator Lists an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset) =item Opcode Functions opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT) =item Manipulating Opsets =item TO DO (maybe) =back =over 4 =item Predefined Opcode Tags :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION a new namespace, an operator mask =item WARNING =over 4 =item RECENT CHANGES =item Methods in class Safe permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) =item Some Safety Issues Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =item AUTHOR =back =back =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item CAVEATS =item FUNCTIONS _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write =item CLASSES =over 4 =item POSIX::SigAction new =item POSIX::SigSet new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember =item POSIX::Termios new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values =back =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS Constants =item POSIX CONSTANTS Constants =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Constants =item ERRNO Constants =item FCNTL Constants =item FLOAT Constants =item LIMITS Constants =item LOCALE Constants =item MATH Constants =item SIGNAL Constants =item STAT Constants, Macros =item STDLIB Constants =item STDIO Constants =item TIME Constants =item UNISTD Constants =item WAIT Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED, WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG =back =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop =over 4 =item Alternatives to raw =item Defaults and how to override them =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPECTED METHODS $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh) =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle =back =back =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS =over 4 =item podchecker() B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val> =back =item DESCRIPTION =item DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item Errors empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification, unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>, empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s) after =back =item Warnings multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one> vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME section =item Hyperlinks ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or / =back =item RETURN VALUE =item EXAMPLES =item INTERFACE =back C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )> C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts}, @args )> C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()> C<$checker-E<gt>name()> C<$checker-E<gt>node()> C<$checker-E<gt>idx()> C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()> =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )> C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt> 1> =back =over 4 =item C<simplify_name( $str )> =back =over 4 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )> C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt> 1> =back =over 4 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )> =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item ARGUMENTS backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose =item EXAMPLE =item ENVIRONMENT =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item REQUIRES =item EXPORTS =item DESCRIPTION package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree> =back =over 4 =item B<Pod::InputSource> =back =over 4 =item B<new()> =back =over 4 =item B<name()> =back =over 4 =item B<handle()> =back =over 4 =item B<was_cutting()> =back =over 4 =item B<Pod::Paragraph> =back =over 4 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()> =back =over 4 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence> =back =over 4 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()> =back =over 4 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()> =back =over 4 =item B<Pod::ParseTree> =back =over 4 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()> =back =over 4 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()> =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item OBJECT METHODS C<initialize> =back =over 4 =item Data Accessors B<AddPreamble> =back B<AddPostamble> B<Head1Level> B<Label> B<LevelNoNum> B<MakeIndex> B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection> B<StartWithNewPage> B<TableOfContents> B<UniqueLabels> B<UserPreamble> B<UserPostamble> B<Lists> =over 4 =item Subclassed methods =back B<begin_pod> B<end_pod> B<command> B<verbatim> B<textblock> B<interior_sequence> =over 4 =item List Methods B<begin_list> =back B<end_list> B<add_item> =over 4 =item Methods for headings B<head> =back =over 4 =item Internal methods B<_output> =back B<_replace_special_chars> B<_replace_special_chars_late> B<_create_label> B<_create_index> B<_clean_latex_commands> B<_split_delimited> =over 4 =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =item REVISION =back =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes, release, section =item DIAGNOSTICS roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back =item BUGS =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item Pod::List Pod::List-E<gt>new() =back $list-E<gt>file() $list-E<gt>start() $list-E<gt>indent() $list-E<gt>type() $list-E<gt>rx() $list-E<gt>item() $list-E<gt>parent() $list-E<gt>tag() =over 4 =item Pod::Hyperlink Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new() =back $link-E<gt>parse($string) $link-E<gt>markup($string) $link-E<gt>text() $link-E<gt>warning() $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line() $link-E<gt>page() $link-E<gt>node() $link-E<gt>alttext() $link-E<gt>type() $link-E<gt>link() =over 4 =item Pod::Cache Pod::Cache-E<gt>new() =back $cache-E<gt>item() $cache-E<gt>find_page($name) =over 4 =item Pod::Cache::Item Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new() =back $cacheitem-E<gt>page() $cacheitem-E<gt>description() $cacheitem-E<gt>path() $cacheitem-E<gt>file() $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes() $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name) $cacheitem-E<gt>idx() =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item REQUIRES =item EXPORTS =item DESCRIPTION =item QUICK OVERVIEW =item PARSING OPTIONS B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset), B<-warnings> (default: unset) =back =over 4 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES =back =over 4 =item B<command()> C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back =over 4 =item B<verbatim()> C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back =over 4 =item B<textblock()> C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back =over 4 =item B<interior_sequence()> =back =over 4 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES =back =over 4 =item B<new()> =back =over 4 =item B<initialize()> =back =over 4 =item B<begin_pod()> =back =over 4 =item B<begin_input()> =back =over 4 =item B<end_input()> =back =over 4 =item B<end_pod()> =back =over 4 =item B<preprocess_line()> =back =over 4 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()> =back =over 4 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING =back =over 4 =item B<parse_text()> B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name> =back =over 4 =item B<interpolate()> =back =over 4 =item B<parse_paragraph()> =back =over 4 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()> =back =over 4 =item B<parse_from_file()> =back =over 4 =item ACCESSOR METHODS =back =over 4 =item B<errorsub()> =back =over 4 =item B<cutting()> =back =over 4 =item B<parseopts()> =back =over 4 =item B<output_file()> =back =over 4 =item B<output_handle()> =back =over 4 =item B<input_file()> =back =over 4 =item B<input_handle()> =back =over 4 =item B<input_streams()> =back =over 4 =item B<top_stream()> =back =over 4 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA =back =over 4 =item B<_push_input_stream()> =back =over 4 =item B<_pop_input_stream()> =back =over 4 =item TREE-BASED PARSING =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item EXPORT =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from input =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item REQUIRES =item EXPORTS =item DESCRIPTION =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS =back =over 4 =item OBJECT METHODS =back =over 4 =item B<curr_headings()> =back =over 4 =item B<select()> =back =over 4 =item B<add_selection()> =back =over 4 =item B<clear_selections()> =back =over 4 =item B<match_section()> =back =over 4 =item B<is_selected()> =back =over 4 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS =back =over 4 =item B<podselect()> B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges> =back =over 4 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA =back =over 4 =item B<_compile_section_spec()> =back =over 4 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS} =back =over 4 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS} =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width =item DIAGNOSTICS Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s, %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back =item RESTRICTIONS =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod documentation =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ARGUMENTS C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>, C<-pathlist> =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Recommended Use =back =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =back =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in translators. =over 4 =item HEADINGS =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading =over 4 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading> =back =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading =over 4 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading> =back =item LINKS =item OVER AND ITEMS This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item text =item FORMATTING CODES E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol> =item VERBATIM =item CONCLUSION =back =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF =over 4 =item new() foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2 Sat, 3 Mat =item old() =back =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR> =item DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...> =back =item BUGS AND WARNINGS =back =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION a new namespace, an operator mask =item WARNING =over 4 =item RECENT CHANGES =item Methods in class Safe permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) =item Some Safety Issues Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =item AUTHOR =back =back =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF =item KNOWN BUGS =item COPYRIGHT =item BLATANT PLUG =back =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The __DATA__ token =item SelfLoader autoloading =item Autoloading and package lexicals =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle. =item Classes and inherited methods. =back =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names =back =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =back =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item MEMORY STORE =item ADVISORY LOCKING =item SPEED =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable =item ERROR REPORTING =item WIZARDS ONLY =over 4 =item Hooks C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>, I<serialized>, .. =item Predicates C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>, C<Storable::is_retrieving> =item Recursion =item Deep Cloning =back =item Storable magic =item EXAMPLES =item WARNING =item BUGS =over 4 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 =back =item CREDITS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl =over 4 =item VERSION =item SYNOPSIS =item BACKGROUND =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Allowing fall-through =item Automating fall-through =item Alternative syntax =item Higher-order Operations =back =item DEPENDENCIES =item AUTHOR =item BUGS =item LIMITATION =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added in 5.004_02), closelog =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added in 5.004_02), closelog =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item DIAGNOSTICS Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s =item ENVIRONMENT ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED =item RESTRICTIONS =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item METHODS =back =back B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH> B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH> B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH> B<Trequire> =over 4 =item EXAMPLES =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt> =item DIAGNOSTICS =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Minimal set of supported functions C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>, C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features> =item Additional supported functions C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY> =item EXPORTS =item ENVIRONMENT =item CAVEATS =back =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Functions B<plan> =back =back B<_to_value> B<ok> =over 4 =item TEST TYPES NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS =item ONFAIL =item BUGS and CAVEATS =item NOTE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Construction B<new> =back =back =over 4 =item Setting up tests B<exported_to> =back B<plan> B<expected_tests> B<no_plan> B<skip_all> =over 4 =item Running tests B<ok> =back B<is_eq>, B<is_num> B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num> B<like>, B<unlike> B<maybe_regex> B<cmp_ok> B<BAILOUT> B<skip> B<todo_skip> B<skip_rest> =over 4 =item Test style B<level> =back B<use_numbers> B<no_header>, B<no_ending> =over 4 =item Output B<diag> =back B<_print> B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output> =over 4 =item Test Status and Info B<current_test> =back B<summary> B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo> B<caller> B<_sanity_check> B<_whoa> B<_my_exit> =over 4 =item THREADS =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The test script output B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>, B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else> =item Taint mode =item Configuration variables. B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches> =item Failure B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of Failed> =item Functions B<runtests> =back =back B<_all_ok> B<_globdir> B<_run_all_tests> B<_mk_leader> B<_leader_width> =over 4 =item EXPORT =item DIAGNOSTICS C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s> =item ENVIRONMENT C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>, C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE> =item EXAMPLE =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item TODO =item BUGS =back =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Functions B<assert> =back =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Construction B<new> =back =back B<_init> =over 4 =item Analysis B<analyze> =back B<analyze_fh> B<analyze_file> B<_switches> B<_INC2PERL5LIB> B<_filtered_INC> B<_restore_PERL5LIB> =over 4 =item Parsing B<_is_comment> =back B<_is_header> B<_is_test> B<_is_bail_out> B<_reset_file_state> =over 4 =item Results B<_detailize> =back =over 4 =item EXAMPLES =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item I love it when a plan comes together =back =back =over 4 =item Test names =item I'm ok, you're not ok. B<ok> =back B<is>, B<isnt> B<like> B<unlike> B<cmp_ok> B<can_ok> B<isa_ok> B<pass>, B<fail> =over 4 =item Diagnostics B<diag> =back =over 4 =item Module tests B<use_ok> =back B<require_ok> =over 4 =item Conditional tests B<SKIP: BLOCK> =back B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip> When do I use SKIP vs. TODO? =over 4 =item Comparison functions B<is_deeply> =back B<eq_array> B<eq_hash> B<eq_set> =over 4 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More B<builder> =back =over 4 =item NOTES =item BUGS and CAVEATS Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness upgrades =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<ok> =back =over 4 =item EXAMPLE =item CAVEATS =item NOTES =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>, L<Test::Harness> =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Nuts and bolts of testing. =item Where to start? =item Names =item Test the manual =item Sometimes the tests are wrong =item Testing lots of values =item Informative names =item Skipping tests =item Todo tests =item Testing with taint mode. =back =item FOOTNOTES =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLE =back =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item General behaviour in list contexts [0], [1], [2] =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts =item A note about prefixes =item C<extract_delimited> =item C<extract_bracketed> =item C<extract_tagged> C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>, [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] =item C<gen_extract_tagged> =item C<extract_quotelike> [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents" [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10] =item C<extract_codeblock> =item C<extract_multiple> =item C<gen_delimited_pat> =back =item DIAGNOSTICS C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>, C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">, C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>, C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>, C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag: /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing tag> =item AUTHOR =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item LIMITATIONS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERRIDES =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only) =over 4 =item CAVEAT =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub, LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield =item METHODS join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done =item LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER =back =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably (for old code) =over 4 =item CAVEAT =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =back =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item C<recsep> =item C<autochomp> =item C<mode> =item C<memory> =item C<dw_size> =item Option Format =back =item Public Methods =over 4 =item C<flock> =item C<autochomp> =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer> =back =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle =item Deferred Writing =over 4 =item Autodeferring =back =item CAVEATS =item SUBCLASSING =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>? =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE =item WARRANTY =item THANKS =item TODO =back =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this =item MORE INFORMATION =item COMPATIBILITY =back =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for tied hashes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash> =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash> =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY> =item MORE INFORMATION =back =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize> =item EXAMPLE =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =item VERSION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this =item MORE INFORMATION =back =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEATS =back =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ), alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer, getitimer ( $which ) =item EXAMPLES =item C API =item CAVEATS =item AUTHORS =item REVISION =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item IMPLEMENTATION =item BUGS =back =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ) =back =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Constructor and Tailoring alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower =item Methods for Collation C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>, C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm = $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)> =item Other Methods UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version =item EXPORT =item TODO =item CAVEAT =item BUGS =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize> =back =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Normalization Forms C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>, C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>, C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)> =item Decomposition and Composition C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string = reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)> =item Quick Check C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result = check($form_name, $string)> =item Character Data C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>, C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>, C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>, C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion = isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>, C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>, C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)> =item EXPORT =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/, http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt =back =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item charinfo =back =over 4 =item charblock =back =over 4 =item charscript =back =over 4 =item charblocks =back =over 4 =item charscripts =back =over 4 =item Blocks versus Scripts =item Matching Scripts and Blocks =item Code Point Arguments =item charinrange =back =over 4 =item compexcl =back =over 4 =item casefold =back =over 4 =item casespec =back =over 4 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion =back =over 4 =item Implementation Note =back =over 4 =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item System Specifics =back =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =item HISTORY March 18th, 2000 =back =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(), Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(), Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE), Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(), Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(), Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE, PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown, Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE), Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(), Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) =back =back =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet: =over 4 =item a2p =item s2p =item find2perl =item h2ph =item c2ph =item h2xs =item xsubpp =item pod2man =item wrapsuid =back =head1 AUTHOR Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles of other folks.