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- package NEXT;
- $VERSION = '0.50';
- use Carp;
- use strict;
-
- sub ancestors
- {
- my @inlist = shift;
- my @outlist = ();
- while (my $next = shift @inlist) {
- push @outlist, $next;
- no strict 'refs';
- unshift @inlist, @{"$outlist[-1]::ISA"};
- }
- return @outlist;
- }
-
- sub AUTOLOAD
- {
- my ($self) = @_;
- my $caller = (caller(1))[3];
- my $wanted = $NEXT::AUTOLOAD || 'NEXT::AUTOLOAD';
- undef $NEXT::AUTOLOAD;
- my ($caller_class, $caller_method) = $caller =~ m{(.*)::(.*)}g;
- my ($wanted_class, $wanted_method) = $wanted =~ m{(.*)::(.*)}g;
- croak "Can't call $wanted from $caller"
- unless $caller_method eq $wanted_method;
-
- local ($NEXT::NEXT{$self,$wanted_method}, $NEXT::SEEN) =
- ($NEXT::NEXT{$self,$wanted_method}, $NEXT::SEEN);
-
-
- unless ($NEXT::NEXT{$self,$wanted_method}) {
- my @forebears =
- ancestors ref $self || $self, $wanted_class;
- while (@forebears) {
- last if shift @forebears eq $caller_class
- }
- no strict 'refs';
- @{$NEXT::NEXT{$self,$wanted_method}} =
- map { *{"${_}::$caller_method"}{CODE}||() } @forebears
- unless $wanted_method eq 'AUTOLOAD';
- @{$NEXT::NEXT{$self,$wanted_method}} =
- map { (*{"${_}::AUTOLOAD"}{CODE}) ? "${_}::AUTOLOAD" : ()} @forebears
- unless @{$NEXT::NEXT{$self,$wanted_method}||[]};
- }
- my $call_method = shift @{$NEXT::NEXT{$self,$wanted_method}};
- while ($wanted_class =~ /^NEXT:.*:UNSEEN/ && defined $call_method
- && $NEXT::SEEN->{$self,$call_method}++) {
- $call_method = shift @{$NEXT::NEXT{$self,$wanted_method}};
- }
- unless (defined $call_method) {
- return unless $wanted_class =~ /^NEXT:.*:ACTUAL/;
- (local $Carp::CarpLevel)++;
- croak qq(Can't locate object method "$wanted_method" ),
- qq(via package "$caller_class");
- };
- return shift()->$call_method(@_) if ref $call_method eq 'CODE';
- no strict 'refs';
- ($wanted_method=${$caller_class."::AUTOLOAD"}) =~ s/.*:://
- if $wanted_method eq 'AUTOLOAD';
- $$call_method = $caller_class."::NEXT::".$wanted_method;
- return $call_method->(@_);
- }
-
- no strict 'vars';
- package NEXT::UNSEEN; @ISA = 'NEXT';
- package NEXT::ACTUAL; @ISA = 'NEXT';
- package NEXT::ACTUAL::UNSEEN; @ISA = 'NEXT';
- package NEXT::UNSEEN::ACTUAL; @ISA = 'NEXT';
-
- 1;
-
- __END__
-
- =head1 NAME
-
- NEXT.pm - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
-
-
- =head1 SYNOPSIS
-
- use NEXT;
-
- package A;
- sub A::method { print "$_[0]: A method\n"; $_[0]->NEXT::method() }
- sub A::DESTROY { print "$_[0]: A dtor\n"; $_[0]->NEXT::DESTROY() }
-
- package B;
- use base qw( A );
- sub B::AUTOLOAD { print "$_[0]: B AUTOLOAD\n"; $_[0]->NEXT::AUTOLOAD() }
- sub B::DESTROY { print "$_[0]: B dtor\n"; $_[0]->NEXT::DESTROY() }
-
- package C;
- sub C::method { print "$_[0]: C method\n"; $_[0]->NEXT::method() }
- sub C::AUTOLOAD { print "$_[0]: C AUTOLOAD\n"; $_[0]->NEXT::AUTOLOAD() }
- sub C::DESTROY { print "$_[0]: C dtor\n"; $_[0]->NEXT::DESTROY() }
-
- package D;
- use base qw( B C );
- sub D::method { print "$_[0]: D method\n"; $_[0]->NEXT::method() }
- sub D::AUTOLOAD { print "$_[0]: D AUTOLOAD\n"; $_[0]->NEXT::AUTOLOAD() }
- sub D::DESTROY { print "$_[0]: D dtor\n"; $_[0]->NEXT::DESTROY() }
-
- package main;
-
- my $obj = bless {}, "D";
-
- $obj->method(); # Calls D::method, A::method, C::method
- $obj->missing_method(); # Calls D::AUTOLOAD, B::AUTOLOAD, C::AUTOLOAD
-
- # Clean-up calls D::DESTROY, B::DESTROY, A::DESTROY, C::DESTROY
-
-
- =head1 DESCRIPTION
-
- NEXT.pm adds a pseudoclass named C<NEXT> to any program
- that uses it. If a method C<m> calls C<$self->NEXT::m()>, the call to
- C<m> is redispatched as if the calling method had not originally been found.
-
- In other words, a call to C<$self->NEXT::m()> resumes the depth-first,
- left-to-right search of C<$self>'s class hierarchy that resulted in the
- original call to C<m>.
-
- Note that this is not the same thing as C<$self->SUPER::m()>, which
- begins a new dispatch that is restricted to searching the ancestors
- of the current class. C<$self->NEXT::m()> can backtrack
- past the current class -- to look for a suitable method in other
- ancestors of C<$self> -- whereas C<$self->SUPER::m()> cannot.
-
- A typical use would be in the destructors of a class hierarchy,
- as illustrated in the synopsis above. Each class in the hierarchy
- has a DESTROY method that performs some class-specific action
- and then redispatches the call up the hierarchy. As a result,
- when an object of class D is destroyed, the destructors of I<all>
- its parent classes are called (in depth-first, left-to-right order).
-
- Another typical use of redispatch would be in C<AUTOLOAD>'ed methods.
- If such a method determined that it was not able to handle a
- particular call, it might choose to redispatch that call, in the
- hope that some other C<AUTOLOAD> (above it, or to its left) might
- do better.
-
- By default, if a redispatch attempt fails to find another method
- elsewhere in the objects class hierarchy, it quietly gives up and does
- nothing (but see L<"Enforcing redispatch">). This gracious acquiesence
- is also unlike the (generally annoying) behaviour of C<SUPER>, which
- throws an exception if it cannot redispatch.
-
- Note that it is a fatal error for any method (including C<AUTOLOAD>)
- to attempt to redispatch any method that does not have the
- same name. For example:
-
- sub D::oops { print "oops!\n"; $_[0]->NEXT::other_method() }
-
-
- =head2 Enforcing redispatch
-
- It is possible to make C<NEXT> redispatch more demandingly (i.e. like
- C<SUPER> does), so that the redispatch throws an exception if it cannot
- find a "next" method to call.
-
- To do this, simple invoke the redispatch as:
-
- $self->NEXT::ACTUAL::method();
-
- rather than:
-
- $self->NEXT::method();
-
- The C<ACTUAL> tells C<NEXT> that there must actually be a next method to call,
- or it should throw an exception.
-
- C<NEXT::ACTUAL> is most commonly used in C<AUTOLOAD> methods, as a means to
- decline an C<AUTOLOAD> request, but preserve the normal exception-on-failure
- semantics:
-
- sub AUTOLOAD {
- if ($AUTOLOAD =~ /foo|bar/) {
- # handle here
- }
- else { # try elsewhere
- shift()->NEXT::ACTUAL::AUTOLOAD(@_);
- }
- }
-
- By using C<NEXT::ACTUAL>, if there is no other C<AUTOLOAD> to handle the
- method call, an exception will be thrown (as usually happens in the absence of
- a suitable C<AUTOLOAD>).
-
-
- =head2 Avoiding repetitions
-
- If C<NEXT> redispatching is used in the methods of a "diamond" class hierarchy:
-
- # A B
- # / \ /
- # C D
- # \ /
- # E
-
- use NEXT;
-
- package A;
- sub foo { print "called A::foo\n"; shift->NEXT::foo() }
-
- package B;
- sub foo { print "called B::foo\n"; shift->NEXT::foo() }
-
- package C; @ISA = qw( A );
- sub foo { print "called C::foo\n"; shift->NEXT::foo() }
-
- package D; @ISA = qw(A B);
- sub foo { print "called D::foo\n"; shift->NEXT::foo() }
-
- package E; @ISA = qw(C D);
- sub foo { print "called E::foo\n"; shift->NEXT::foo() }
-
- E->foo();
-
- then derived classes may (re-)inherit base-class methods through two or
- more distinct paths (e.g. in the way C<E> inherits C<A::foo> twice --
- through C<C> and C<D>). In such cases, a sequence of C<NEXT> redispatches
- will invoke the multiply inherited method as many times as it is
- inherited. For example, the above code prints:
-
- called E::foo
- called C::foo
- called A::foo
- called D::foo
- called A::foo
- called B::foo
-
- (i.e. C<A::foo> is called twice).
-
- In some cases this I<may> be the desired effect within a diamond hierarchy,
- but in others (e.g. for destructors) it may be more appropriate to
- call each method only once during a sequence of redispatches.
-
- To cover such cases, you can redispatch methods via:
-
- $self->NEXT::UNSEEN::method();
-
- rather than:
-
- $self->NEXT::method();
-
- This causes the redispatcher to skip any classes in the hierarchy that it has
- already visited in an earlier redispatch. So, for example, if the
- previous example were rewritten:
-
- package A;
- sub foo { print "called A::foo\n"; shift->NEXT::UNSEEN::foo() }
-
- package B;
- sub foo { print "called B::foo\n"; shift->NEXT::UNSEEN::foo() }
-
- package C; @ISA = qw( A );
- sub foo { print "called C::foo\n"; shift->NEXT::UNSEEN::foo() }
-
- package D; @ISA = qw(A B);
- sub foo { print "called D::foo\n"; shift->NEXT::UNSEEN::foo() }
-
- package E; @ISA = qw(C D);
- sub foo { print "called E::foo\n"; shift->NEXT::UNSEEN::foo() }
-
- E->foo();
-
- then it would print:
-
- called E::foo
- called C::foo
- called A::foo
- called D::foo
- called B::foo
-
- and omit the second call to C<A::foo>.
-
- Note that you can also use:
-
- $self->NEXT::UNSEEN::ACTUAL::method();
-
- or:
-
- $self->NEXT::ACTUAL::UNSEEN::method();
-
- to get both unique invocation I<and> exception-on-failure.
-
-
- =head1 AUTHOR
-
- Damian Conway (damian@conway.org)
-
- =head1 BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
-
- Because it's a module, not an integral part of the interpreter, NEXT.pm
- has to guess where the surrounding call was found in the method
- look-up sequence. In the presence of diamond inheritance patterns
- it occasionally guesses wrong.
-
- It's also too slow (despite caching).
-
- Comment, suggestions, and patches welcome.
-
- =head1 COPYRIGHT
-
- Copyright (c) 2000-2001, Damian Conway. All Rights Reserved.
- This module is free software. It may be used, redistributed
- and/or modified under the same terms as Perl itself.
-