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- package Carp;
-
- our $VERSION = '1.01';
-
- =head1 NAME
-
- carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
-
- cluck - warn of errors with stack backtrace
- (not exported by default)
-
- croak - die of errors (from perspective of caller)
-
- confess - die of errors with stack backtrace
-
- shortmess - return the message that carp and croak produce
-
- longmess - return the message that cluck and confess produce
-
- =head1 SYNOPSIS
-
- use Carp;
- croak "We're outta here!";
-
- use Carp qw(cluck);
- cluck "This is how we got here!";
-
- print FH Carp::shortmess("This will have caller's details added");
- print FH Carp::longmess("This will have stack backtrace added");
-
- =head1 DESCRIPTION
-
- The Carp routines are useful in your own modules because
- they act like die() or warn(), but with a message which is more
- likely to be useful to a user of your module. In the case of
- cluck, confess, and longmess that context is a summary of every
- call in the call-stack. For a shorter message you can use carp,
- croak or shortmess which report the error as being from where
- your module was called. There is no guarantee that that is where
- the error was, but it is a good educated guess.
-
- Here is a more complete description of how shortmess works. What
- it does is search the call-stack for a function call stack where
- it hasn't been told that there shouldn't be an error. If every
- call is marked safe, it then gives up and gives a full stack
- backtrace instead. In other words it presumes that the first likely
- looking potential suspect is guilty. Its rules for telling whether
- a call shouldn't generate errors work as follows:
-
- =over 4
-
- =item 1.
-
- Any call from a package to itself is safe.
-
- =item 2.
-
- Packages claim that there won't be errors on calls to or from
- packages explicitly marked as safe by inclusion in @CARP_NOT, or
- (if that array is empty) @ISA. The ability to override what
- @ISA says is new in 5.8.
-
- =item 3.
-
- The trust in item 2 is transitive. If A trusts B, and B
- trusts C, then A trusts C. So if you do not override @ISA
- with @CARP_NOT, then this trust relationship is identical to,
- "inherits from".
-
- =item 4.
-
- Any call from an internal Perl module is safe. (Nothing keeps
- user modules from marking themselves as internal to Perl, but
- this practice is discouraged.)
-
- =item 5.
-
- Any call to Carp is safe. (This rule is what keeps it from
- reporting the error where you call carp/croak/shortmess.)
-
- =back
-
- =head2 Forcing a Stack Trace
-
- As a debugging aid, you can force Carp to treat a croak as a confess
- and a carp as a cluck across I<all> modules. In other words, force a
- detailed stack trace to be given. This can be very helpful when trying
- to understand why, or from where, a warning or error is being generated.
-
- This feature is enabled by 'importing' the non-existent symbol
- 'verbose'. You would typically enable it by saying
-
- perl -MCarp=verbose script.pl
-
- or by including the string C<MCarp=verbose> in the PERL5OPT
- environment variable.
-
- =head1 BUGS
-
- The Carp routines don't handle exception objects currently.
- If called with a first argument that is a reference, they simply
- call die() or warn(), as appropriate.
-
- =cut
-
- # This package is heavily used. Be small. Be fast. Be good.
-
- # Comments added by Andy Wardley <abw@kfs.org> 09-Apr-98, based on an
- # _almost_ complete understanding of the package. Corrections and
- # comments are welcome.
-
- # The members of %Internal are packages that are internal to perl.
- # Carp will not report errors from within these packages if it
- # can. The members of %CarpInternal are internal to Perl's warning
- # system. Carp will not report errors from within these packages
- # either, and will not report calls *to* these packages for carp and
- # croak. They replace $CarpLevel, which is deprecated. The
- # $Max(EvalLen|(Arg(Len|Nums)) variables are used to specify how the eval
- # text and function arguments should be formatted when printed.
-
- $CarpInternal{Carp}++;
- $CarpInternal{warnings}++;
- $CarpLevel = 0; # How many extra package levels to skip on carp.
- # How many calls to skip on confess.
- # Reconciling these notions is hard, use
- # %Internal and %CarpInternal instead.
- $MaxEvalLen = 0; # How much eval '...text...' to show. 0 = all.
- $MaxArgLen = 64; # How much of each argument to print. 0 = all.
- $MaxArgNums = 8; # How many arguments to print. 0 = all.
- $Verbose = 0; # If true then make shortmess call longmess instead
-
- require Exporter;
- @ISA = ('Exporter');
- @EXPORT = qw(confess croak carp);
- @EXPORT_OK = qw(cluck verbose longmess shortmess);
- @EXPORT_FAIL = qw(verbose); # hook to enable verbose mode
-
-
- # if the caller specifies verbose usage ("perl -MCarp=verbose script.pl")
- # then the following method will be called by the Exporter which knows
- # to do this thanks to @EXPORT_FAIL, above. $_[1] will contain the word
- # 'verbose'.
-
- sub export_fail {
- shift;
- $Verbose = shift if $_[0] eq 'verbose';
- return @_;
- }
-
-
- # longmess() crawls all the way up the stack reporting on all the function
- # calls made. The error string, $error, is originally constructed from the
- # arguments passed into longmess() via confess(), cluck() or shortmess().
- # This gets appended with the stack trace messages which are generated for
- # each function call on the stack.
-
- sub longmess {
- { local $@; require Carp::Heavy; } # XXX fix require to not clear $@?
- # Icky backwards compatibility wrapper. :-(
- my $call_pack = caller();
- if ($Internal{$call_pack} or $CarpInternal{$call_pack}) {
- return longmess_heavy(@_);
- }
- else {
- local $CarpLevel = $CarpLevel + 1;
- return longmess_heavy(@_);
- }
- }
-
-
- # shortmess() is called by carp() and croak() to skip all the way up to
- # the top-level caller's package and report the error from there. confess()
- # and cluck() generate a full stack trace so they call longmess() to
- # generate that. In verbose mode shortmess() calls longmess() so
- # you always get a stack trace
-
- sub shortmess { # Short-circuit &longmess if called via multiple packages
- { local $@; require Carp::Heavy; } # XXX fix require to not clear $@?
- # Icky backwards compatibility wrapper. :-(
- my $call_pack = caller();
- local @CARP_NOT = caller();
- shortmess_heavy(@_);
- }
-
-
- # the following four functions call longmess() or shortmess() depending on
- # whether they should generate a full stack trace (confess() and cluck())
- # or simply report the caller's package (croak() and carp()), respectively.
- # confess() and croak() die, carp() and cluck() warn.
-
- sub croak { die shortmess @_ }
- sub confess { die longmess @_ }
- sub carp { warn shortmess @_ }
- sub cluck { warn longmess @_ }
-
- 1;
-