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- package B::Lint;
-
- our $VERSION = '1.01';
-
- =head1 NAME
-
- B::Lint - Perl lint
-
- =head1 SYNOPSIS
-
- perl -MO=Lint[,OPTIONS] foo.pl
-
- =head1 DESCRIPTION
-
- The B::Lint module is equivalent to an extended version of the B<-w>
- option of B<perl>. It is named after the program B<lint> which carries
- out a similar process for C programs.
-
- =head1 OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
-
- Option words are separated by commas (not whitespace) and follow the
- usual conventions of compiler backend options. Following any options
- (indicated by a leading B<->) come lint check arguments. Each such
- argument (apart from the special B<all> and B<none> options) is a
- word representing one possible lint check (turning on that check) or
- is B<no-foo> (turning off that check). Before processing the check
- arguments, a standard list of checks is turned on. Later options
- override earlier ones. Available options are:
-
- =over 8
-
- =item B<context>
-
- Produces a warning whenever an array is used in an implicit scalar
- context. For example, both of the lines
-
- $foo = length(@bar);
- $foo = @bar;
- will elicit a warning. Using an explicit B<scalar()> silences the
- warning. For example,
-
- $foo = scalar(@bar);
-
- =item B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>
-
- These options produce a warning whenever an operation implicitly
- reads or (respectively) writes to one of Perl's special variables.
- For example, B<implicit-read> will warn about these:
-
- /foo/;
-
- and B<implicit-write> will warn about these:
-
- s/foo/bar/;
-
- Both B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write> warn about this:
-
- for (@a) { ... }
-
- =item B<dollar-underscore>
-
- This option warns whenever $_ is used either explicitly anywhere or
- as the implicit argument of a B<print> statement.
-
- =item B<private-names>
-
- This option warns on each use of any variable, subroutine or
- method name that lives in a non-current package but begins with
- an underscore ("_"). Warnings aren't issued for the special case
- of the single character name "_" by itself (e.g. $_ and @_).
-
- =item B<undefined-subs>
-
- This option warns whenever an undefined subroutine is invoked.
- This option will only catch explicitly invoked subroutines such
- as C<foo()> and not indirect invocations such as C<&$subref()>
- or C<$obj-E<gt>meth()>. Note that some programs or modules delay
- definition of subs until runtime by means of the AUTOLOAD
- mechanism.
-
- =item B<regexp-variables>
-
- This option warns whenever one of the regexp variables $', $& or
- $' is used. Any occurrence of any of these variables in your
- program can slow your whole program down. See L<perlre> for
- details.
-
- =item B<all>
-
- Turn all warnings on.
-
- =item B<none>
-
- Turn all warnings off.
-
- =back
-
- =head1 NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
-
- =over 8
-
- =item B<-u Package>
-
- Normally, Lint only checks the main code of the program together
- with all subs defined in package main. The B<-u> option lets you
- include other package names whose subs are then checked by Lint.
-
- =back
-
- =head1 BUGS
-
- This is only a very preliminary version.
-
- This module doesn't work correctly on thread-enabled perls.
-
- =head1 AUTHOR
-
- Malcolm Beattie, mbeattie@sable.ox.ac.uk.
-
- =cut
-
- use strict;
- use B qw(walkoptree_slow main_root walksymtable svref_2object parents
- OPf_WANT_LIST OPf_WANT OPf_STACKED G_ARRAY
- );
-
- my $file = "unknown"; # shadows current filename
- my $line = 0; # shadows current line number
- my $curstash = "main"; # shadows current stash
-
- # Lint checks
- my %check;
- my %implies_ok_context;
- BEGIN {
- map($implies_ok_context{$_}++,
- qw(scalar av2arylen aelem aslice helem hslice
- keys values hslice defined undef delete));
- }
-
- # Lint checks turned on by default
- my @default_checks = qw(context);
-
- my %valid_check;
- # All valid checks
- BEGIN {
- map($valid_check{$_}++,
- qw(context implicit_read implicit_write dollar_underscore
- private_names undefined_subs regexp_variables));
- }
-
- # Debugging options
- my ($debug_op);
-
- my %done_cv; # used to mark which subs have already been linted
- my @extra_packages; # Lint checks mainline code and all subs which are
- # in main:: or in one of these packages.
-
- sub warning {
- my $format = (@_ < 2) ? "%s" : shift;
- warn sprintf("$format at %s line %d\n", @_, $file, $line);
- }
-
- # This gimme can't cope with context that's only determined
- # at runtime via dowantarray().
- sub gimme {
- my $op = shift;
- my $flags = $op->flags;
- if ($flags & OPf_WANT) {
- return(($flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST ? 1 : 0);
- }
- return undef;
- }
-
- sub B::OP::lint {}
-
- sub B::COP::lint {
- my $op = shift;
- if ($op->name eq "nextstate") {
- $file = $op->file;
- $line = $op->line;
- $curstash = $op->stash->NAME;
- }
- }
-
- sub B::UNOP::lint {
- my $op = shift;
- my $opname = $op->name;
- if ($check{context} && ($opname eq "rv2av" || $opname eq "rv2hv")) {
- my $parent = parents->[0];
- my $pname = $parent->name;
- return if gimme($op) || $implies_ok_context{$pname};
- # Two special cases to deal with: "foreach (@foo)" and "delete $a{$b}"
- # null out the parent so we have to check for a parent of pp_null and
- # a grandparent of pp_enteriter or pp_delete
- if ($pname eq "null") {
- my $gpname = parents->[1]->name;
- return if $gpname eq "enteriter" || $gpname eq "delete";
- }
- warning("Implicit scalar context for %s in %s",
- $opname eq "rv2av" ? "array" : "hash", $parent->desc);
- }
- if ($check{private_names} && $opname eq "method") {
- my $methop = $op->first;
- if ($methop->name eq "const") {
- my $method = $methop->sv->PV;
- if ($method =~ /^_/ && !defined(&{"$curstash\::$method"})) {
- warning("Illegal reference to private method name $method");
- }
- }
- }
- }
-
- sub B::PMOP::lint {
- my $op = shift;
- if ($check{implicit_read}) {
- if ($op->name eq "match" && !($op->flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
- warning('Implicit match on $_');
- }
- }
- if ($check{implicit_write}) {
- if ($op->name eq "subst" && !($op->flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
- warning('Implicit substitution on $_');
- }
- }
- }
-
- sub B::LOOP::lint {
- my $op = shift;
- if ($check{implicit_read} || $check{implicit_write}) {
- if ($op->name eq "enteriter") {
- my $last = $op->last;
- if ($last->name eq "gv" && $last->gv->NAME eq "_") {
- warning('Implicit use of $_ in foreach');
- }
- }
- }
- }
-
- sub B::SVOP::lint {
- my $op = shift;
- if ($check{dollar_underscore} && $op->name eq "gvsv"
- && $op->gv->NAME eq "_")
- {
- warning('Use of $_');
- }
- if ($check{private_names}) {
- my $opname = $op->name;
- if ($opname eq "gv" || $opname eq "gvsv") {
- my $gv = $op->gv;
- if ($gv->NAME =~ /^_./ && $gv->STASH->NAME ne $curstash) {
- warning('Illegal reference to private name %s', $gv->NAME);
- }
- } elsif ($opname eq "method_named") {
- my $method = $op->gv->PV;
- if ($method =~ /^_./) {
- warning("Illegal reference to private method name $method");
- }
- }
- }
- if ($check{undefined_subs}) {
- if ($op->name eq "gv"
- && $op->next->name eq "entersub")
- {
- my $gv = $op->gv;
- my $subname = $gv->STASH->NAME . "::" . $gv->NAME;
- no strict 'refs';
- if (!defined(&$subname)) {
- $subname =~ s/^main:://;
- warning('Undefined subroutine %s called', $subname);
- }
- }
- }
- if ($check{regexp_variables} && $op->name eq "gvsv") {
- my $name = $op->gv->NAME;
- if ($name =~ /^[&'`]$/) {
- warning('Use of regexp variable $%s', $name);
- }
- }
- }
-
- sub B::GV::lintcv {
- my $gv = shift;
- my $cv = $gv->CV;
- #warn sprintf("lintcv: %s::%s (done=%d)\n",
- # $gv->STASH->NAME, $gv->NAME, $done_cv{$$cv});#debug
- return if !$$cv || $done_cv{$$cv}++;
- my $root = $cv->ROOT;
- #warn " root = $root (0x$$root)\n";#debug
- walkoptree_slow($root, "lint") if $$root;
- }
-
- sub do_lint {
- my %search_pack;
- walkoptree_slow(main_root, "lint") if ${main_root()};
-
- # Now do subs in main
- no strict qw(vars refs);
- local(*glob);
- for my $sym (keys %main::) {
- next if $sym =~ /::$/;
- *glob = $main::{$sym};
- svref_2object(\*glob)->EGV->lintcv;
- }
-
- # Now do subs in non-main packages given by -u options
- map { $search_pack{$_} = 1 } @extra_packages;
- walksymtable(\%{"main::"}, "lintcv", sub {
- my $package = shift;
- $package =~ s/::$//;
- #warn "Considering $package\n";#debug
- return exists $search_pack{$package};
- });
- }
-
- sub compile {
- my @options = @_;
- my ($option, $opt, $arg);
- # Turn on default lint checks
- for $opt (@default_checks) {
- $check{$opt} = 1;
- }
- OPTION:
- while ($option = shift @options) {
- if ($option =~ /^-(.)(.*)/) {
- $opt = $1;
- $arg = $2;
- } else {
- unshift @options, $option;
- last OPTION;
- }
- if ($opt eq "-" && $arg eq "-") {
- shift @options;
- last OPTION;
- } elsif ($opt eq "D") {
- $arg ||= shift @options;
- foreach $arg (split(//, $arg)) {
- if ($arg eq "o") {
- B->debug(1);
- } elsif ($arg eq "O") {
- $debug_op = 1;
- }
- }
- } elsif ($opt eq "u") {
- $arg ||= shift @options;
- push(@extra_packages, $arg);
- }
- }
- foreach $opt (@default_checks, @options) {
- $opt =~ tr/-/_/;
- if ($opt eq "all") {
- %check = %valid_check;
- }
- elsif ($opt eq "none") {
- %check = ();
- }
- else {
- if ($opt =~ s/^no_//) {
- $check{$opt} = 0;
- }
- else {
- $check{$opt} = 1;
- }
- warn "No such check: $opt\n" unless defined $valid_check{$opt};
- }
- }
- # Remaining arguments are things to check
-
- return \&do_lint;
- }
-
- 1;
-