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- package AutoLoader;
-
- use 5.006_001;
- our(@EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK, $VERSION);
-
- my $is_dosish;
- my $is_epoc;
- my $is_vms;
- my $is_macos;
-
- BEGIN {
- require Exporter;
- @EXPORT = @EXPORT = ();
- @EXPORT_OK = @EXPORT_OK = qw(AUTOLOAD);
- $is_dosish = $^O eq 'dos' || $^O eq 'os2' || $^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'NetWare';
- $is_epoc = $^O eq 'epoc';
- $is_vms = $^O eq 'VMS';
- $is_macos = $^O eq 'MacOS';
- $VERSION = '5.59';
- }
-
- AUTOLOAD {
- my $sub = $AUTOLOAD;
- my $filename;
- # Braces used to preserve $1 et al.
- {
- # Try to find the autoloaded file from the package-qualified
- # name of the sub. e.g., if the sub needed is
- # Getopt::Long::GetOptions(), then $INC{Getopt/Long.pm} is
- # something like '/usr/lib/perl5/Getopt/Long.pm', and the
- # autoload file is '/usr/lib/perl5/auto/Getopt/Long/GetOptions.al'.
- #
- # However, if @INC is a relative path, this might not work. If,
- # for example, @INC = ('lib'), then $INC{Getopt/Long.pm} is
- # 'lib/Getopt/Long.pm', and we want to require
- # 'auto/Getopt/Long/GetOptions.al' (without the leading 'lib').
- # In this case, we simple prepend the 'auto/' and let the
- # C<require> take care of the searching for us.
-
- my ($pkg,$func) = ($sub =~ /(.*)::([^:]+)$/);
- $pkg =~ s#::#/#g;
- if (defined($filename = $INC{"$pkg.pm"})) {
- if ($is_macos) {
- $pkg =~ tr#/#:#;
- $filename =~ s#^(.*)$pkg\.pm\z#$1auto:$pkg:$func.al#s;
- } else {
- $filename =~ s#^(.*)$pkg\.pm\z#$1auto/$pkg/$func.al#s;
- }
-
- # if the file exists, then make sure that it is a
- # a fully anchored path (i.e either '/usr/lib/auto/foo/bar.al',
- # or './lib/auto/foo/bar.al'. This avoids C<require> searching
- # (and failing) to find the 'lib/auto/foo/bar.al' because it
- # looked for 'lib/lib/auto/foo/bar.al', given @INC = ('lib').
-
- if (-r $filename) {
- unless ($filename =~ m|^/|s) {
- if ($is_dosish) {
- unless ($filename =~ m{^([a-z]:)?[\\/]}is) {
- if ($^O ne 'NetWare') {
- $filename = "./$filename";
- } else {
- $filename = "$filename";
- }
- }
- }
- elsif ($is_epoc) {
- unless ($filename =~ m{^([a-z?]:)?[\\/]}is) {
- $filename = "./$filename";
- }
- }
- elsif ($is_vms) {
- # XXX todo by VMSmiths
- $filename = "./$filename";
- }
- elsif (!$is_macos) {
- $filename = "./$filename";
- }
- }
- }
- else {
- $filename = undef;
- }
- }
- unless (defined $filename) {
- # let C<require> do the searching
- $filename = "auto/$sub.al";
- $filename =~ s#::#/#g;
- }
- }
- my $save = $@;
- local $!; # Do not munge the value.
- eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require $filename };
- if ($@) {
- if (substr($sub,-9) eq '::DESTROY') {
- *$sub = sub {};
- } else {
- # The load might just have failed because the filename was too
- # long for some old SVR3 systems which treat long names as errors.
- # If we can succesfully truncate a long name then it's worth a go.
- # There is a slight risk that we could pick up the wrong file here
- # but autosplit should have warned about that when splitting.
- if ($filename =~ s/(\w{12,})\.al$/substr($1,0,11).".al"/e){
- eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require $filename };
- }
- if ($@){
- $@ =~ s/ at .*\n//;
- my $error = $@;
- require Carp;
- Carp::croak($error);
- }
- }
- }
- $@ = $save;
- goto &$sub;
- }
-
- sub import {
- my $pkg = shift;
- my $callpkg = caller;
-
- #
- # Export symbols, but not by accident of inheritance.
- #
-
- if ($pkg eq 'AutoLoader') {
- local $Exporter::ExportLevel = 1;
- Exporter::import $pkg, @_;
- }
-
- #
- # Try to find the autosplit index file. Eg., if the call package
- # is POSIX, then $INC{POSIX.pm} is something like
- # '/usr/local/lib/perl5/POSIX.pm', and the autosplit index file is in
- # '/usr/local/lib/perl5/auto/POSIX/autosplit.ix', so we require that.
- #
- # However, if @INC is a relative path, this might not work. If,
- # for example, @INC = ('lib'), then
- # $INC{POSIX.pm} is 'lib/POSIX.pm', and we want to require
- # 'auto/POSIX/autosplit.ix' (without the leading 'lib').
- #
-
- (my $calldir = $callpkg) =~ s#::#/#g;
- my $path = $INC{$calldir . '.pm'};
- if (defined($path)) {
- # Try absolute path name.
- if ($is_macos) {
- (my $malldir = $calldir) =~ tr#/#:#;
- $path =~ s#^(.*)$malldir\.pm\z#$1auto:$malldir:autosplit.ix#s;
- } else {
- $path =~ s#^(.*)$calldir\.pm\z#$1auto/$calldir/autosplit.ix#;
- }
-
- eval { require $path; };
- # If that failed, try relative path with normal @INC searching.
- if ($@) {
- $path ="auto/$calldir/autosplit.ix";
- eval { require $path; };
- }
- if ($@) {
- my $error = $@;
- require Carp;
- Carp::carp($error);
- }
- }
- }
-
- sub unimport {
- my $callpkg = caller;
- eval "package $callpkg; sub AUTOLOAD;";
- }
-
- 1;
-
- __END__
-
- =head1 NAME
-
- AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
-
- =head1 SYNOPSIS
-
- package Foo;
- use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD'; # import the default AUTOLOAD subroutine
-
- package Bar;
- use AutoLoader; # don't import AUTOLOAD, define our own
- sub AUTOLOAD {
- ...
- $AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD = "...";
- goto &AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD;
- }
-
- =head1 DESCRIPTION
-
- The B<AutoLoader> module works with the B<AutoSplit> module and the
- C<__END__> token to defer the loading of some subroutines until they are
- used rather than loading them all at once.
-
- To use B<AutoLoader>, the author of a module has to place the
- definitions of subroutines to be autoloaded after an C<__END__> token.
- (See L<perldata>.) The B<AutoSplit> module can then be run manually to
- extract the definitions into individual files F<auto/funcname.al>.
-
- B<AutoLoader> implements an AUTOLOAD subroutine. When an undefined
- subroutine in is called in a client module of B<AutoLoader>,
- B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD subroutine attempts to locate the subroutine in a
- file with a name related to the location of the file from which the
- client module was read. As an example, if F<POSIX.pm> is located in
- F</usr/local/lib/perl5/POSIX.pm>, B<AutoLoader> will look for perl
- subroutines B<POSIX> in F</usr/local/lib/perl5/auto/POSIX/*.al>, where
- the C<.al> file has the same name as the subroutine, sans package. If
- such a file exists, AUTOLOAD will read and evaluate it,
- thus (presumably) defining the needed subroutine. AUTOLOAD will then
- C<goto> the newly defined subroutine.
-
- Once this process completes for a given function, it is defined, so
- future calls to the subroutine will bypass the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
-
- =head2 Subroutine Stubs
-
- In order for object method lookup and/or prototype checking to operate
- correctly even when methods have not yet been defined it is necessary to
- "forward declare" each subroutine (as in C<sub NAME;>). See
- L<perlsub/"SYNOPSIS">. Such forward declaration creates "subroutine
- stubs", which are place holders with no code.
-
- The AutoSplit and B<AutoLoader> modules automate the creation of forward
- declarations. The AutoSplit module creates an 'index' file containing
- forward declarations of all the AutoSplit subroutines. When the
- AutoLoader module is 'use'd it loads these declarations into its callers
- package.
-
- Because of this mechanism it is important that B<AutoLoader> is always
- C<use>d and not C<require>d.
-
- =head2 Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
-
- In order to use B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD subroutine you I<must>
- explicitly import it:
-
- use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';
-
- =head2 Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
-
- Some modules, mainly extensions, provide their own AUTOLOAD subroutines.
- They typically need to check for some special cases (such as constants)
- and then fallback to B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD for the rest.
-
- Such modules should I<not> import B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD subroutine.
- Instead, they should define their own AUTOLOAD subroutines along these
- lines:
-
- use AutoLoader;
- use Carp;
-
- sub AUTOLOAD {
- my $sub = $AUTOLOAD;
- (my $constname = $sub) =~ s/.*:://;
- my $val = constant($constname, @_ ? $_[0] : 0);
- if ($! != 0) {
- if ($! =~ /Invalid/ || $!{EINVAL}) {
- $AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD = $sub;
- goto &AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD;
- }
- else {
- croak "Your vendor has not defined constant $constname";
- }
- }
- *$sub = sub { $val }; # same as: eval "sub $sub { $val }";
- goto &$sub;
- }
-
- If any module's own AUTOLOAD subroutine has no need to fallback to the
- AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD subroutine (because it doesn't have any AutoSplit
- subroutines), then that module should not use B<AutoLoader> at all.
-
- =head2 Package Lexicals
-
- Package lexicals declared with C<my> in the main block of a package
- using B<AutoLoader> will not be visible to auto-loaded subroutines, due to
- the fact that the given scope ends at the C<__END__> marker. A module
- using such variables as package globals will not work properly under the
- B<AutoLoader>.
-
- The C<vars> pragma (see L<perlmod/"vars">) may be used in such
- situations as an alternative to explicitly qualifying all globals with
- the package namespace. Variables pre-declared with this pragma will be
- visible to any autoloaded routines (but will not be invisible outside
- the package, unfortunately).
-
- =head2 Not Using AutoLoader
-
- You can stop using AutoLoader by simply
-
- no AutoLoader;
-
- =head2 B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
-
- The B<AutoLoader> is similar in purpose to B<SelfLoader>: both delay the
- loading of subroutines.
-
- B<SelfLoader> uses the C<__DATA__> marker rather than C<__END__>.
- While this avoids the use of a hierarchy of disk files and the
- associated open/close for each routine loaded, B<SelfLoader> suffers a
- startup speed disadvantage in the one-time parsing of the lines after
- C<__DATA__>, after which routines are cached. B<SelfLoader> can also
- handle multiple packages in a file.
-
- B<AutoLoader> only reads code as it is requested, and in many cases
- should be faster, but requires a mechanism like B<AutoSplit> be used to
- create the individual files. L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> will invoke
- B<AutoSplit> automatically if B<AutoLoader> is used in a module source
- file.
-
- =head1 CAVEATS
-
- AutoLoaders prior to Perl 5.002 had a slightly different interface. Any
- old modules which use B<AutoLoader> should be changed to the new calling
- style. Typically this just means changing a require to a use, adding
- the explicit C<'AUTOLOAD'> import if needed, and removing B<AutoLoader>
- from C<@ISA>.
-
- On systems with restrictions on file name length, the file corresponding
- to a subroutine may have a shorter name that the routine itself. This
- can lead to conflicting file names. The I<AutoSplit> package warns of
- these potential conflicts when used to split a module.
-
- AutoLoader may fail to find the autosplit files (or even find the wrong
- ones) in cases where C<@INC> contains relative paths, B<and> the program
- does C<chdir>.
-
- =head1 SEE ALSO
-
- L<SelfLoader> - an autoloader that doesn't use external files.
-
- =cut
-