<telo><p>souΦßst filosofie, kterß usiluje o pochopenφ p°φrody v jejφ celistvosti, a to bu∩ v podob∞ zßkladnφ teorie p°φrodnφ v∞dy, nebo v podob∞ metafyziky p°φrody. PoΦßtky p. f. jsou spjaty s <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('053668');" target="_self">kosmologiφ</a> a <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('053662');" target="_self">kosmogoniφ</a> i≤nsk²ch p°φrodnφch filosof∙: <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('106766');" target="_self">ThalΘs</a>, <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('004132');" target="_self">Anaximandros</a> a <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('004133');" target="_self">AnaximenΘs</a>; dßle s <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('026464');" target="_self">Empedoklem</a>, DΘmokritov²m atomismem (<a href="javascript:top.GetURL('021281');" target="_self">DΘmokritos</a>) a s <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('026962');" target="_self">Epik·rem</a>. SvΘho prvnφho vrcholu dosahuje ve zkoumßnφ zßsad <i>fyziky</i> u <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('006062');" target="_self">Aristotela</a>. U stoik∙ (<a href="javascript:top.GetURL('101005');" target="_self">stoß</a>) se p. f. jako₧to fyzika stala hlavnφ filosofickou disciplφnou. St°v. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('096588');" target="_self">scholastika</a> aristotelskou p. f. zavrhla. V renesanci byla p. f. chßpßna p°evß₧n∞ jako experimentßlnφ filosofie. V novov∞ku byla navr₧ena celß °ada spekulativnφch p°φrodn∞filosofick²ch systΘm∙, viz nap°. F. W. J. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('096429');" target="_self">Schelling</a>; na druhΘ stran∞ se p. f. stßvala stßle vφce jak teoreticko-poznßvacφm a metodologick²m zßkladem p°φrodnφch v∞d (zvl. I. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('048305');" target="_self">Kant</a> a <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('072867');" target="_self">novokantovstvφ</a>), tak i (S. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('002629');" target="_self">Alexander</a>, N. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('035910');" target="_self">Hartmann</a> a logick² <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('084983');" target="_self">pozitivismus</a>) filosofick²m zpracovßnφm a v²kladem jejφch v²sledk∙.</p><p>Zßsadnφ podn∞ty pro souΦasnou p. f. vyÜly od Ch. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('020481');" target="_self">Darwina</a> a jeho evoluΦnφ teorie a obecn∞ od p°φrodov∞dc∙ (R. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('015277');" target="_self">Carnap</a>, F. Dessauer, P. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('105659');" target="_self">Teilhard de Chardin</a>, C. F. von <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('118380');" target="_self">WeizsΣcker</a>, W. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('036400');" target="_self">Heisenberg</a>), kte°φ se ve sv²ch diskusφch o chßpßnφ p°φrody a otßzkßch evoluΦnφ teorie (v²voj ₧ivota z jednoduch²ch bφlkovin) v∞novali problΘm∙m princip∙ a metod modernφch p°φrodnφch v∞d, mo₧nosti n∞jakΘho jednotnΘho v²kladovΘho principu sv∞ta, problematice ·Φelu (cφlûp°φΦina).</p></telo>