<telo><p>obchodn∞polit. systΘm, tvo°φcφ protiklad k <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('116442');" target="_self">volnΘmu obchodu</a>. Sna₧φ se ochrßnit domßcφ v²robu (nap°. zem∞d∞l., t∞₧bu nerost∙, t∞₧k² nebo textilnφ pr∙m.) ochrann²mi <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('016902');" target="_self">cly</a>, dovoznφmi kontingenty a jin²mi netarifnφmi obch. p°ekß₧kami p°ed zahraniΦnφ konkurencφ (<i>prohibiΦnφ systΘm</i>). Prvnφ teorii p. rozvinuli zastßnci <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('064648');" target="_self">merkantilismu</a>, pozd∞ji F. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('059586');" target="_self">List</a> svou teoriφ ochrany v²chovn²m clem v protikladu k myÜlenkßm volnΘho obchodu <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('050441');" target="_self">klasickΘ ekonomie</a>. P°edevÜφm vßlky a autarkickΘ snahy vedly v₧dy znovu ke vzniku p. 1947 se zavßzaly signatß°skΘ stßty <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('032164');" target="_self">GATT</a> protekcionismus odbourat. TΘ₧ <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('118946');" target="_self">WTO</a>. </p></telo>