<telo><p>od pok°es¥anÜt∞nφ Polska v 10. st. zatlaΦovalo duchovnφ bßs., v∞tÜinou lat., lid. tradici; vedle toho vznikaly kroniky a legendy. Na KrakovskΘ univ. (zal. r. 1364) se v 15. st. p∞stoval humanismus, kt. takΘ vtiskl charakter prvnφ dob∞ rozkv∞tu pol. lit., valnou m∞rou dosud latinskojazyΦnΘ. Pronikßnφ reformace v 16. st., zpoΦßtku ·sp∞ÜnΘ, ovlivnilo p°φzniv∞ v²voj polÜtiny jako lit. jaz., nap°. ve spisech prot. Reje z Nag│owic, jezuitskΘho kazatele Piotra Skargy (1536û1612) a vÜestrannΘho J. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('051550');" target="_self">KochanowskΘho</a>. Vßlky spolu s ·padkem pol. stßtu v 18. st. posilujφ polit. tΘma v pol. lit. (W. H. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('051561');" target="_self">Kochowski</a>, W. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('084773');" target="_self">Potocki</a>). Nastupujφcφ 19. st. p°ineslo nov² rozkv∞t (A. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('065619');" target="_self">Mickiewicz</a>, Z. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('054265');" target="_self">Krasi±ski</a>, J. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('098144');" target="_self">S│owacki</a>). Pol. lit. hledala smysl t∞₧kΘho osudu rozd∞lenΘho a poko°enΘho Polska a nalezla ho v tzv. mesianismu, myÜlence utrpenφ pol. nßroda ve jmΘnu lidstva. Ne·sp∞ch 2. pol. povstßnφ r. 1863 p°inesl vyst°φzliv∞nφ, zatφmco hosp. a soc. v²voj dosp∞l k vyst°φdßnφ dotud vedoucφ (i v lit.) ÜlechtickΘ st°. vrstvy m∞Ü¥ansk²mi kruhy. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('089762');" target="_self">Realismus</a> se prosadil v romßnech J. I. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('054322');" target="_self">KraszewskΘho</a> a dosßhl vrcholu v tvorb∞ B. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('086776');" target="_self">Pruse</a>. Mistrem hist. romßnu byl p°edevÜφm H. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('096861');" target="_self">Sienkiewicz</a>. Natural. dr. G. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('119948');" target="_self">ZapolskΘ</a> byl p°ekonßn symbolismem skupiny MladΘho Polska (St. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('086925');" target="_self">Przybyszewski</a>, J. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('049119');" target="_self">Kasprowicz</a>, K. P. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('106604');" target="_self">Tetmajer</a>). V romßnech W. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('090803');" target="_self">Reymonta</a> a St. ▐eromskΘho doÜly vyjßd°enφ soc. problΘmy, v dr. St. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('119004');" target="_self">Wyspia±skΘho</a> problΘmy nßr. Po r. 1918 sehrßla v²zn. roli p°edevÜφm skupina <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('097432');" target="_self">Skamander</a> (lyrikovΘ J. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('109749');" target="_self">Tuwim</a> a J. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('057968');" target="_self">Lecho±</a>). Projevil se vyprav∞Φsk² talent M. D╣browskΘ, J. Wittlina, Z. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('069733');" target="_self">Na│kowskΘ</a>. 2. sv. vßlka lit. v obsazenΘm Polsku tΘm∞° zcela umlΦela. Osvobozenφ se brzy projevilo jako iluzornφ v d∙sledku zglajchÜaltovßnφ duchovnφho ₧ivota podle sov. vzoru. K o₧ivenφ doÜlo po ätßnφô v °φjnu 1956. P°ednφmi p°edstaviteli souΦasnΘ polskΘ lit. jsou: J. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('004332');" target="_self">Andrzejewski</a>, K. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('013072');" target="_self">Brandys</a>, J. Broszkiewicz (* 1922), St. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('024895');" target="_self">Dygat</a>, Z. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('036860');" target="_self">Herbert</a>, J. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('044925');" target="_self">Iwaszkiewicz</a>, T. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('053069');" target="_self">Konwicki</a>, S. J. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('057722');" target="_self">Lec</a>, T. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('092265');" target="_self">R≤┐ewicz</a>, T. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('012571');" target="_self">Borowski</a>, M. Nowakowski (* 1935) a St. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('058083');" target="_self">Lem</a>. V emigraci vznikla dφla W. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('033648');" target="_self">Gombrowicze</a>, Cz. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('066127');" target="_self">Mi│osze</a>, T. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('072974');" target="_self">NowakowskΘho</a>, S. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('068493');" target="_self">Mro┐ka</a>, M. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('037728');" target="_self">H│aska</a> a filosofa L. <a href="javascript:top.GetURL('051660');" target="_self">Ko│akowskΘho</a>. </p></telo>