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- Linux Install From PPA-Zip drive mini-HOWTO
- by Kevin Snively, k.snively@seaslug.org
- v01.04, 29 April 1998
-
- This document describes how to install Linux from a parallel port zip
- drive using the Slackware Linux distribution.
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
- Table of Contents
-
-
- 1. Prelude
-
- 1.1 Intro:
- 1.2 Background:
- 1.3 Advantages:
- 1.4 Material:
- 1.5 Conventions:
- 1.6 Other reading:
- 1.6.1 Slackware
-
- 2. Slackware
-
- 2.1 Making the first zip disk.
- 2.2 Making the second zip disk.
- 2.3 Making the boot floppy.
-
- 3. The install:
-
- 3.1 Round 1.
- 3.2 Round 2.
- 3.3 Library Trouble
-
- 4. Thank you
-
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
- 1. Prelude
-
- 1.1. Intro:
-
- The following method has been written for use with the Slackware Linux
- distribution. It assumes some familiarity with it's installation. The
- installer will also need access to a working Linux system of any
- distribution. It also assumes the destination system has 4 to 6 megs
- ram. More powerful systems can use this method also but you will
- probably be able to find a faster easier way. It is not intended to
- be used by first time installers or by people new to Linux. Only
- issues specific to the use of a zip drive as source media will be
- covered here.
-
-
- 1.2. Background:
-
-
- I have an OLD 486/20 slc with a 120 meg hd, 4 megs ram and a 2400 baud
- modem that I wanted to run Linux on. It has no cdrom drive or pcmcia
- connectivity, and will never see a network card (parallel port style).
- There is nothing left that can be upgraded on this unit.
-
- Linux has been at the cutting edge from the start but also breathes
- new life into some older 386 and 486 hardware. The documentation says
- "386 with 2 megs ram no math coprocessor" but try to find a
- distribution that will do it today. Slackware can be placed on a 4
- meg machine with some work and a prayer. The following system greatly
- reduces the work. Prayer always helps, even with the best of systems.
-
- I've used the following system with 3 other laptops, and one 386
- desktop machine. The lamest being a 386 with 4 megs ram & 60 meg HD no
- math coprocessor. While this system works well I'd like to be able to
- do similar tricks with Debian, RedHat, Caldera Lite, and some of the
- other popular distributions offering more choice to Linux users I help
- this way.
-
-
-
- 1.3. Advantages:
-
- Installing from cdrom or Ethernet are the methods of choice when
- available. In cases where floppy disk install appears to be the only
- choice a parallel port zip drive offers numerous advantages. These
- include better speed than a floppy disk, and fewer disk changes. In
- addition on systems with minimal ram "6 megs. or less" the ability to
- install a swap file on the root disk uncomplicates the install greatly
- by freeing you from the need to creat one on the hard disk before
- running setup. When installing Slackware the swap file allows
- installers to choose the color.gz root disk or text.gz. The color.gz
- is not recommended for floppy based installs on machines with such
- limited resources. With a zip disk you may also produce an emergency
- boot disk during the initial install, by freeing the first floppy
- drive. Something not possible during a normal floppy based install on
- systems of this type.
-
-
- 1.4. Material:
-
-
- This method has been used with Slackware Ver's. 3.1, through 3.4 A
- full Slackware install requires 2 zip disk's not counting source
- packages if they are desired. You will need one parallel port zip
- drive & cables, and a 1.44 meg boot disk. Pencil and paper are
- optional for making a few notes during install.
-
- At least two systems are required to use this install method. The
- first (host) system is used to prepare the installation media and must
- contain a working Linux system. The second will be the target system.
- Once the media has been prepared it can be used to install to as many
- target systems as you like. I work from cdrom but you can down load
- your distribution from the Internet if you have a fast enough
- connection. For me this is not practical.
-
-
-
- 1.5. Conventions:
-
-
-
- let (floppy) represent the path to and directory you
- mount your 1.44 meg floppy disk on.
-
- let (zip) represent the path to and directory you
- mount your zip disk on.
-
- let (cdrom) represent the path to and directory you
- mount your cdrom on.
-
- let (verx.x) represent the distribution version you
- are installing.
-
-
- If you down load your disk images please let (cdrom)/slakware the path
- and directory to those images. My parallel port zip drive shows up on
- my system as
-
-
-
- /dev/sda4
-
-
-
-
- I've never seen it come up as any thing else unless I run fdisk on it
- and change the partition table, creating more than one partition on
- the disk. Then I always get corrupt disk error messages when I try to
- use it. You may however mark the partition type 83 Linux etc... if you
- wish with out trouble. You also need to know the device names of your
- cdrom and 1.44 meg floppy drives. Mine are
-
-
-
- /dev/hdc cdrom
- /dev/fd0 1.44 meg floppy
-
-
-
-
-
- I'll use my device names, you use yours ;-|)
-
- About Slackware and slakware (note the missing c in slakware).
- Slackware is the name of the overall distribution and slakware is the
- name of the directory where Patrick Volkerding places the stable "not
- experimental or developmental" packages for installation. Whenever I'm
- writing about slakware I'm writing about the directory.
-
-
- 1.6. Other reading:
-
-
- Linux Installation and Getting Started by Matt Welsh
-
- If you are having trouble accessing your zip drive please see the
- Linux ZIP drive mini-HOWTO by Grant Guenther
-
- When you have completed your install I can not recommend strongly
- enough that you work through the Small-Memory mini-HOWTO by Todd
- Burgess
-
-
-
- 1.6.1. Slackware
-
- I also recommend the LOWMEM.TXT document from the Slackware
- documentation on your cdrom or Slackware ftp site. This document
- discribes a system that eleminates many of the difficulties discribed
- in that document.
-
-
-
- 2. Slackware
-
-
-
-
-
-
- 2.1. Making the first zip disk.
-
-
- 1) Attach zip drive to host system, insert blank zip disk into the
- drive and boot the system to Linux
-
- 2) Login. You probably need to login as root or the user you log in
- as will need to be able to write file systems, mount and unmount disks
- etc....
-
- 3) Install an ext2fs file system on the zip disk. with the
- command:
-
-
- /sbin/mke2fs -b 1024 /dev/sda4
-
-
-
-
-
- 4) Mount the zip disk with:
-
-
- mount /dev/sda4 /(zip)
-
-
-
-
-
- 5) Insert your cdrom into its drive and mount it:
-
-
- mount /dev/hdc /(cdrom)
-
-
-
-
-
- 6) Make a directory to install the slakware disk images in:
-
-
- mkdir /(zip)/slakware
-
-
-
-
-
- 7) Make a writable ( non zip disk ) temporary directory on your
- main disk to work in. May I suggest:
-
-
- mkdir /root/slakware/(verx.x)
-
-
-
-
-
- 8) Copy the root disk image to the above named directory:
-
-
- cp /(cdrom)/rootdsks/text.gz /root/slakware/(verx.x)/
-
-
-
-
-
- 9) Change directories to the one the root disk image was copied to
- and decompress it with the commands:
-
-
- cd /root/slakware/(verx.x)
- gunzip text.gz
-
-
-
-
- 10) Install a 1.44 meg floppy with a dos or ext2fs file system on it
- in its drive and copy the root disk image to it this time with the dd
- command:
-
-
- dd if=text of=/dev/fd0
-
-
-
-
-
- 11) Mount the 1.44 meg floppy with the command:
-
-
- mount /dev/fd0 /(floppy)
-
-
-
-
-
- 12) Copy the root disk image to the zip disk:
-
-
- cp -dpR /(floppy)/* /(zip)/
-
-
-
-
- 13) In order to ease the install process later we will want to cre¡
- ate a swap file on the zip disk of about 8 megs. with:
-
-
- dd if=/dev/zero of=/(zip)/swap bs=1024 count=8208
-
-
-
-
- 14) Initialize the swap file with:
-
-
- /sbin/mkswap /(zip)/swap 8208
-
-
-
-
- 15) Next with your favorite text editor you will need to edit the
- file /(zip)/etc/rc and after the line /bin/mount -av -t nonfs
- insert a new line
-
-
- /sbin/swapon /swap
-
-
-
-
- 16) Copy the disk images to the zip disk:
- cp -r /(cdrom)/slakware/[a-ty]* /(zip)/slakware/ &
-
-
-
-
- include the square brackets [a-ty]* exactly as shown above. the & sign
- at the end of the line will make this command execute in the back¡
- ground. It takes about 20 min to complete. Use this time for some
- coffee and reading more HOWTO's.
-
- 17) External zip drives have two lights--mine are green and yellow;
- the internal drives appear to have only one. When my zip disk has
- finished receiving information the yellow light goes out and I'm left
- with just the green power light. on internal drives the single
- "status?" light will go out.
-
- It is now time to prepare the floppy and zip disks for removal from
- their drives by unmounting them:
-
-
- cd
- umount /dev/fd0
- umount /dev/sda4
-
-
-
-
- 18) Life will be easier later if we check the root disk's file system
- before we try to use it with the command:
-
-
- /sbin/e2fsck -f /dev/sda4
-
-
-
-
- When disk activity ends if there are no errors you may remove the zip
- disk from the drive and label it Slackware Root disk. I also include
- the version number in pencil.
-
-
- 2.2. Making the second zip disk.
-
- If the X window system is to be installed or you will be needing one
- of the other prebuilt kernels it is now time to build the 2nd. zip
- disk.
-
-
- x1) Insert disk 2 in the zip drive. I like to write an ext2fs file
- system on this disk also, but if it has a M$ Dos file system that will
- work also. I use the up arrow key on my keyboard to recall previously
- used commands from my history file because I'm a bit lazy, but if you
- want to retype the command repeat instructions 3), 4), and 6) above.
-
- x2) Copy the X11R6 "X Window" packages to zip
-
-
- cp -r /(cdrom)/slakware/x* /(zip)/slakware/ &
-
-
-
-
- again in the background. This will take about 1/2 as long as step 9)
- did. If your system was slow then it will be again. More coffee and
- HOWTO reading.
-
- x3) There is also room on this disk for the custom kernels directory.
- It is classy to install one that meets the system's needs as closely
- as possible to go with the one needed to access the zip drive. Make
- this kernel the system default. So now we will make a directory for
- that and then copy the information to it:
-
-
-
- mkdir /(zip)/kernels
- cp -r /(cdrom)/kernels/* /(zip)/kernels/ &
-
-
-
-
- This will take another 10 or 15 min. Dispose of the used coffee? Read
- more Linux Documentation?
-
- x4) When disk activity is at an end unmount the disk and run fsck on
- it:
-
-
- umount /dev/sda4
- /sbin/e2fsck -f /dev/sda4
-
-
-
-
- x5) When e2fsck is done with the disk and the command prompt returns
- to the screen eject the disk and label it.
-
-
- 2.3. Making the boot floppy.
-
-
- b1) I now make a 1.44 meg boot disk. Use the
- /(cdrom)/bootdsks.144/iomega.s image. Install a new 1.44 meg floppy
- disk in the proper drive. The command to make the disk is:
-
-
- dd if=/(cdrom)/bootdsks.144/iomega.s of=/dev/fd0
-
-
-
-
- b2) Check the file systems of the boot disk:
-
-
- /sbin/e2fsck -f /dev/fd0
-
-
-
-
- When disk activity ends if there are no errors you may remove all your
- disks, write protect your boot floppy and label it including version
- number.
-
-
-
- 3. The install:
-
- After connecting everything up to the target machine and putting the
- zip disk in place I boot the machine with the appropriate boot disk.
- Before logging in it is a good idea to use the scroll back feature
- built into Linux and check to see all your hardware was detected
- properly. To do this hold the shift key and use the page up and page
- down keys as appropriate. Getting a login prompt at all usually means
- the boot time errors were not too bad.
-
-
- 3.1. Round 1.
-
- Slackware will present some instructions. Please read them Carefully.
- Login as root and fdisk root and swap partitions on the target drive
- if needed. Reboot the machine if you ran fdisk and Carefully reread
- the instructions on the screen if there are any, then login as root.
-
- Even on machines with only 4 megs. of ram you will not need to create
- a swap partition until prompted to do so in the setup program. We
- already have swap running on the zip disk. Run the Slackware setup
- program:
-
-
- setup
-
-
-
-
- CAREFULLY read and follow the instructions the menus provide. The
- first thing setup will want to do is create and initialize your swap
- partition on your hard drive this is ok despite the dire warnings and
- will not affect the swap file on the zip drive.
-
- You do not want to allow /dev/sda4 to be automatically mounted and
- when questions come up about this in the menus. Do not add it unless
- this zip drive is dedicated to the target machine full time.
-
- When you get the menu that asks where the source of the installation
- media is select item number 4. "Install from a premounted directory".
- The next screen will ask for its name, it is /slakware.
-
- I recommend installing only the "a" disk set at this time. It will
- crash the install if the person selecting packages gets greedy and
- fills the disk before lilo is written and the kernel is installed.
- During basic install I install the kernel from the boot disk only.
- There are relatively few choices to be made from here and the
- Slackware documentation from the cdrom or your ftp site will do you
- much better than I can from here.
-
- Leave the zip drive and disk in place after the initial install is
- complete. Remove the floppy when prompted to do so and reboot. If
- all is right in the world Bill, er, your friend/customer will have a
- working Linux system come up.
-
-
- 3.2. Round 2.
-
- After rebooting the system login as root and mount the zip disk again:
-
-
- mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
-
-
-
-
-
- Check available drive space:
-
-
- df
-
-
-
- Run setup again from your new system:
-
-
- setup
-
-
-
-
-
- Choose "s" SOURCE from the menu and press the enter key. Select item
- number 4. "Install from a premounted directory" and press the enter
- key again.
-
- Enter the directory name. This time use:
-
-
- /mnt/slakware
-
-
-
-
-
- Choose the packages you want or need. All are available except those
- which start with "x". When you're finished installing packages from
- this disk exit setup and run:
-
-
- umount /dev/sda4
-
-
-
-
- You may now remove the disk and if X will be installed insert the 2nd
- zip disk and work through setup again this time only packages
- beginning with X will be available. If you will be installing a custom
- kernel from the prebuilt kernels you may also do this while the 2nd.
- zip disk is installed.
-
-
- 3.3. Library Trouble
-
- Some times I have trouble with the links for the libraries either on
- the root zip disk or on the final destination machine. There are two
- possible fixes for this.
-
- Fix 1) If the system boots to a command prompt and you can login as
- root in single user mode try the command:
-
-
- ldconfig
-
-
-
-
- If things are not broken so badly that this command will not run then
- reboot and watch for library related errors. If there are none your in
- business.
-
- Fix 2) If ldconfig can not repair things you will need to re master
- the root floppy disk and recopy the files from it as in instruction
- ``8)'' through 12) or reinstall Linux to the destination system as
- appropriate.
-
-
-
-
- 4. Thank you
-
- This mini-HOWTO brought to you by the letters G. N. and U. and the
- Linux documentation project.
-
- Special thanks to Dr. Randolph Bentson whose devotion to Linux
- inspired me to give something back to the people who gave us the ONE
- TRUE OPERATING SYSTEM.
-
-
- I hope this helps someone.
-
- Sincerely
-
- Kevin Snively
- P.O. Box 1013
- Everett Wa. 98206-1013
- USA
-
-
-
-
- k.snively@seaslug.org
-
-
- root@aldrovanda
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