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- The Linux XFree86 HOWTO
- by Eric S. Raymond
- v5.12, 12 May 1999
-
- This document describes how to obtain, install, and configure version
- 3.3 of the XFree86 version of the X Window System (X11R6) for Linux
- systems. It is a step-by-step guide to configuring XFree86 on your
- system.
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
- Table of Contents
-
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- 1.1 Other sources of information
- 1.2 New versions of this document
- 1.3 Feedback and Corrections
-
- 2. Hardware requirements
-
- 3. Installing XFree86
-
- 4. Configuring XFree86
-
- 4.1 Normal Configuration
- 4.2 Troubleshooting
- 4.3 Custom Configuration
- 4.4 Using 16-bit Color
-
- 5. Running XFree86
-
- 5.1 Terms of Use
- 5.2 Acknowledgements
-
- 6. Translations
-
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- The X Window System is a large and powerful (some might say
- excessively large and overly complex) graphics environment for UNIX
- systems. The original X Window System code was developed at MIT;
- commercial vendors have since made X the industry standard for UNIX
- platforms. Virtually every UNIX workstation in the world runs some
- variant of the X Window system.
-
- A freely redistributable port of the MIT X Window System version 11,
- release 6 (X11R6) for 80386/80486/Pentium UNIX systems has been
- developed by a team of programmers originally headed by David
- Wexelblat <dwex@XFree86.org>. The release, known as XFree86, is
- available for System V/386, 386BSD, and other x86 UNIX
- implementations, including Linux. It includes all of the required
- binaries, support files, libraries, and tools.
-
- Complete information on XFree86 is available at the XFree86 web site,
- <http://www.XFree86.org>.
-
- In this document, we'll give a step-by-step description of how to
- install and configure XFree86 for Linux, but you will have to fill in
- some of the details yourself by reading the documentation released
- with XFree86 itself. (This documentation is discussed below.)
- However, using and customizing the X Window System is far beyond the
- scope of this document---for this purpose you should obtain one of the
- many good books on using the X Window System.
-
-
- 1.1. Other sources of information
-
- If you have never heard of Linux before, there are several sources of
- basic information about the system. The best place to find these is at
- the Linux Documentation Project home page at
- <http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP>. You can find the latest, up-to-date
- version of this document there, as
- <http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/XFree86-HOWTO.html>
-
-
- 1.2. New versions of this document
-
- New versions of the Linux XFree86 HOWTO will be periodically posted to
- comp.os.linux.help and and news.answers <news:news.answers>. They
- will also be uploaded to various Linux WWW and FTP sites, including
- the LDP home page.
-
- You can always view the latest version of this on the World Wide Web
- via the URL <http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/XFree86-HOWTO.html>.
-
-
- 1.3. Feedback and Corrections
-
- If you have questions or comments about this document, please feel
- free to mail Eric S. Raymond, at esr@thyrsus.com. I welcome any
- suggestions or criticisms. If you find a mistake with this document,
- please let me know so I can correct it in the next version. Thanks.
-
- Please do not mail me questions about how to make your video card and
- monitor work with X. This HOWTO is intended to be a rapid, painless
- guide to normal installation using the new interactive configurator.
- If you run into problems, browse the XFree86 Video Timings HOWTO,
- <http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.html>.
- (This is the up-to-date HTML version of XFree86's `Videomodes.doc'
- file.) That document tells everything I know about configuration
- troubleshooting. If it can't help you, I can't either.
-
-
- 2. Hardware requirements
-
-
- XFree86 3.3.3 presently supports the following chipsets: The
- documentation included with your video adaptor should specify the
- chipset used. If you are in the market for a new video card, or are
- buying a new machine that comes with a video card, have the vendor
- find out exactly what the make, model, and chipset of the video card
- is. This may require the vendor to call technical support on your
- behalf; in general vendors will be happy to do this. Many PC hardware
- vendors will state that the video card is a ``standard SVGA card''
- which ``should work'' on your system. Explain that your software
- (mention Linux and XFree86!) does not support all video chipsets and
- that you must have detailed information.
-
- You can also determine your videocard chipset by running the
- SuperProbe program included with the XFree86 distribution. This is
- covered in more detail below.
-
-
- Ark Logic
- ARK1000PV, ARK1000VL, ARK2000PV, ARK2000MT
-
-
- Alliance
- AP6422, AT24
-
-
- ATI
- 18800, 18800-1, 28800-2, 28800-4, 28800-5, 28800-6, 68800-3,
- 68800-6, 68800AX, 68800LX, 88800GX-C, 88800GX-D, 88800GX-E,
- 88800GX-F, 88800CX, 264CT, 264ET, 264VT, 264GT, 264VT-B, 264VT3,
- 264GT-B, 264GT3 (this list includes the Mach8, Mach32, Mach64,
- 3D Rage, 3D Rage II and 3D Rage Pro)
-
-
- Avance Logic
- ALG2101, ALG2228, ALG2301, ALG2302, ALG2308, ALG2401
-
-
- Chips & Technologies
- 65520, 65525, 65530, 65535, 65540, 65545, 65546, 65548, 65550,
- 65554, 65555, 68554, 69000, 64200, 64300
-
-
- Cirrus Logic
- CLGD5420, CLGD5422, CLGD5424, CLGD5426, CLGD5428, CLGD5429,
- CLGD5430, CLGD5434, CLGD5436, CLGD5440, CLGD5446, CLGD5462,
- CLGD5464, CLGD5465, CLGD5480, CLGD6205, CLGD6215, CLGD6225,
- CLGD6235, CLGD6410, CLGD6412, CLGD6420, CLGD6440, CLGD7541(*),
- CLGD7543(*), CLGD7548(*), CLGD7555(*)
-
-
- Cyrix
- MediaGX, MediaGXm
-
-
- Compaq
- AVGA
-
-
- Digital Equipment Corporation
- TGA
-
-
- Epson
- SPC8110
-
-
- Genoa
- GVGA
-
-
- IBM
- 8514/A (and true clones), XGA-2
-
-
- IIT
- AGX-014, AGX-015, AGX-016
-
-
- Matrox
- MGA2064W (Millennium), MGA1064SG (Mystique and Mystique 220),
- MGA2164W (Millennium II PCI and AGP), G100, G200
-
-
- MX MX68000(*), MX680010(*)
-
-
-
- NCR
- 77C22(*), 77C22E(*), 77C22E+(*)
-
-
- NeoMagic
- 2200, 2160, 2097, 2093, 2090, 2070
-
-
- Number Nine
- I128 (series I and II), Revolution 3D (T2R)
-
-
- NVidia/SGS Thomson
- NV1, STG2000, RIVA128, Riva TNT
-
-
- OAK
- OTI067, OTI077, OTI087
-
-
- RealTek
- RTG3106(*)
-
-
- Rendition
- V1000, V2x00
-
-
- S3 86C911, 86C924, 86C801, 86C805, 86C805i, 86C928, 86C864, 86C964,
- 86C732, 86C764, 86C765, 86C767, 86C775, 86C785, 86C868, 86C968,
- 86C325, 86C357, 86C375, 86C375, 86C385, 86C988, 86CM65, 86C260
-
-
- SiS
- 86C201, 86C202, 86C205, 86C215, 86C225, 5597, 5598, 6326
-
-
- 3DLabs
- GLINT 500TX, GLINT MX, Permedia, Permedia 2, Permedia 2v
-
-
- Tseng
- ET3000, ET4000AX, ET4000/W32, ET4000/W32i, ET4000/W32p, ET6000,
- ET6100
-
-
- Trident
- TVGA8800CS, TVGA8900B, TVGA8900C, TVGA8900CL, TVGA9000,
- TVGA9000i, TVGA9100B, TVGA9200CXR, Cyber9320(*), TVGA9400CXi,
- TVGA9420, TGUI9420DGi, TGUI9430DGi, TGUI9440AGi, TGUI9660XGi,
- TGUI9680, ProVidia 9682, ProVidia 9685(*), Cyber 9382, Cyber
- 9385, Cyber 9388, 3DImage975, 3DImage985, Cyber 9397, Cyber 9520
-
-
- Video 7/Headland Technologies
- HT216-32(*)
-
-
- Weitek
- P9000, P9100
-
-
- Western Digital/Paradise
- PVGA1
-
-
- Western Digital
- WD90C00, WD90C10, WD90C11, WD90C24, WD90C24A, WD90C30, WD90C31,
- WD90C33
-
- (*) Note, chips marked in this way have either limited support or the
- drivers for them are not actively maintained.
-
- All of the above are supported in both 256 color, and some are
- supported in mono and 16 color modes, and some are supported an higher
- color depths.
-
- The monochrome server also supports generic VGA cards, using 64k of
- video memory in a single bank, the Hercules monochrome card, the
- Hyundai HGC1280, Sigma LaserView, Visa and Apollo monochrome cards.
-
- The VGA16 server supports memory banking with the ET4000, Trident,
- ATI, NCR, OAK and Cirrus 6420 chipsets allowing virtual display sizes
- up to about 1600x1200 (with 1MB of video memory). For other chipsets
- the display size is limited to approximately 800x600.
-
- You can find an up-to-date list of supported cards at
- http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.3/README3.html
- <http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.3/README3.html>.
-
- Video cards using these chipsets are supported on all bus types,
- including VLB and PCI.
-
- One problem faced by the XFree86 developers is that some video card
- manufacturers use non-standard mechanisms for determining clock
- frequencies used to drive the card. Some of these manufacturers either
- don't release specifications describing how to program the card, or
- they require developers to sign a non-disclosure statement to obtain
- the information. This would obviously restrict the free distribution
- of the XFree86 software, something that the XFree86 development team
- is not willing to do. For a long time, this has been a problem with
- certain video cards manufactured by Diamond, but as of release 3.1 of
- XFree86, Diamond has started to work with the development team to
- release free drivers for these cards.
-
- The suggested setup for XFree86 under Linux is a 486 or better with at
- least 8 megabytes of RAM, and a video card with a chipset listed
- above. For optimal performance, we suggest using an accelerated card,
- such as an S3-chipset card. You should check the documentation for
- XFree86 and verify that your particular card is supported before
- taking the plunge and purchasing expensive hardware.
-
- As a side note, the personal Linux system of Matt Welsh (this FAQ's
- originator) was a 486DX2-66, 20 megabytes of RAM, equipped with a VLB
- S3-864 chipset card with 2 megabytes of DRAM. He ran X benchmarks on
- this machine as well as on Sun Sparc IPX workstations. The Linux
- system was roughly 7 times faster than the Sparc IPX (for the curious,
- XFree86-3.1 under Linux, with this video card, runs at around 171,000
- xstones; the Sparc IPX at around 24,000). In general, XFree86 on a
- Linux system with an accelerated SVGA card will give you much greater
- performance than that found on commercial UNIX workstations (which
- usually employ simple framebuffers for graphics).
-
- Your machine will need at least 4 megabytes of physical RAM, and 16
- megabytes of virtual RAM (for example, 8 megs physical and 8 megs
- swap). Remember that the more physical RAM that you have, the less
- that the system will swap to and from disk when memory is low. Because
- swapping is inherently slow (disks are very slow compared to memory),
- having 8 megabytes of RAM or more is necessary to run XFree86
- comfortably. 16 is better. A system with 4 megabytes of physical RAM
- could run much (up to 10 times) more slowly than one with 8 megs or
- more.
- 3. Installing XFree86
-
- It's quite likely that you obtained XFree86 as part of a Linux
- distribution, in which case downloading the software separately is not
- necessary. Or you may be able to get RPM binary packages built for
- your machine, in which case you can just install those using rpm(1).
- In either case you can skip this the rest of this section.
-
- The Linux binary distribution of XFree86 can be found on a number of
- FTP sites. On the XFree86 site it's under
- <ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/current/binaries/>.
-
- Before doing anything else, download and run the `preinst.sh' shell
- script first. This may tell you about prerequisites you'll need to
- have in place before contibuing your installation.
-
- If you are downloading XFree86 directly, this table lists the files in
- the XFree86-3.3 distribution.
-
- One of the following servers is required:
-
- X8514.tgz
- Server for 8514-based boards.
-
-
- XAGX.tgz
- Server for AGX-based boards.
-
-
- XI128.tgz
- Server for the Number Nine Imagine 128.
-
-
- XMach32.tgz
- Server for Mach32-based boards.
-
-
- XMach64.tgz
- Server for Mach64-based boards.
-
-
- XMach8.tgz
- Server for Mach8-based boards.
-
-
- XMono.tgz
- Server for monochrome video modes.
-
-
- XP9K.tgz
- Server for P9000-based boards.
-
-
- XS3.tgz
- Server for S3-based boards.
-
-
- XS3V.tgz
- Server for the S3 ViRGE and ViRGE/VX (considered beta)
-
-
- XSVGA.tgz
- Server for Super VGA-based boards.
-
-
-
- XW32.tgz
- Server for ET4000/W32-based boards.
-
-
- If you don't know which one to take, take the VGA16 server, XVG16.tgz.
- You want to download this one anyway, because you'll need it to run
- the auto-configuration utility in the next step.
-
- All of the following files are required:
-
- preinst.sh
- Pre-installation script
-
-
- postinst.sh
- Post-installation script
-
-
- Xbin.tgz
- The rest of the X11R6 binaries.
-
-
- Xcfg.tgz
- Config files for xdm, xinit and fs.
-
-
- Xdoc.tgz
- Documentation.
-
-
- Xman.tgz
- Manual pages.
-
-
- Xfnts.tgz
- 75dpi, misc and PEX fonts
-
-
- Xlib.tgz
- Shared X libraries and support files.
-
-
- Xset.tgz
- XF86Setup utility.
-
-
- XVG16.tgz
- Server for VGA/EGA-based boards.
-
-
- The following files are optional:
-
- Xf100.tgz
- 100dpi fonts
-
-
- Xfcyr.tgz
- Cyrillic fonts
-
-
- Xfnon.tgz
- Other fonts (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hebrew)
-
-
- Xfscl.tgz
- Scalable fonts (Speedo and Type1)
- Xfsrv.tgz
- Font server and config files
-
-
- Xprog.tgz
- X header files, config files and compile-time libs
-
-
- Xlkit.tgz
- X server LinkKit
-
-
- Xlk98.tgz
- PC98 X server LinkKit
-
-
- Xnest.tgz
- Nested X server
-
-
- Xprt.tgz
- X print server
-
-
- Xvfb.tgz
- Virtual framebuffer X server
-
-
- Xps.tgz
- PostScript version of the documentation
-
-
- Xhtml.tgz
- HTML version of the documentation
-
-
- The XFree86 directory should contain release notes for the current
- version in RELNOTES. Consult those for installation details
-
- All that is required to install XFree86 is to obtain the above files,
- create the directory /usr/X11R6 (as root), and unpack the files from
- /usr/X11R6 with a command such as:
-
-
- gzip -dc Xbin.tgz | tar xfB -
-
-
-
-
- Remember that these tar files are packed relative to /usr/X11R6, so
- it's important to unpack the files there.
-
- You need to make sure that /usr/X11R6/bin is on your path. This can
- be done by editing your system default /etc/profile or /etc/csh.login
- (based on the shell that you, or other users on your system, use). Or
- you can simply add the directory to your personal path by modifying
- .bashrc or .cshrc, based on your shell.
-
- You also need to make sure that /usr/X11R6/lib can be located by
- ld.so, the runtime linker. To do this, add the line
-
-
- /usr/X11R6/lib
-
-
-
- to the file /etc/ld.so.conf, and run /sbin/ldconfig, as root.
-
-
- 4. Configuring XFree86
-
-
- 4.1. Normal Configuration
-
- Configuring XFree86 to use your mouse, keyboard, monitor, and video
- card correctly used to be something of a black art, requiring
- extensive hand-hacking of a complex configuration file. No more; the
- 3.2/3.3 release made the process nearly trivial. All you do is fire
- up the program XF86Setup.
-
- This program depends on the fact that all new PC hardware these days
- ships with EGA/VGA capable monitors. It invokes the VGA16 server and
- uses it to bring up X in a lowest-common-denominator 640x480 mode.
- Then it runs an interactive program that walks you through a series of
- five configuration panels -- mouse, keyboard, (video) card, monitor,
- and `other' (miscellaneous server options). The whole process is quite
- painless.
-
- (If you're running Red Hat Linux, you may see a different program
- called xf86config. This works fairly similarly to XF86Setup but does
- not itself use an X interface and the VGA16 server.)
-
- One minor point to keep in mind is that, if you're like most people
- using a current PC, your keyboard is actually what XF86Setup calls
- `Generic 102-key PC (intl)' rather than the default `Generic 101-key
- PC'. If you pick the default (101) the key cluster on the extreme
- right of your keyboard (numeric keypad and friends) may stop working.
-
- If you're not sure of your monitor type, you can try the listed ones
- in succession. Work your way from top down (upper choices involve
- lower dot-clock speeds and are less demanding on the hardware). Back
- off if you get hash or a seriously distorted picture. Minor
- distortions (picture slightly too large, slightly too small, or
- slightly off-center) are no problem; you'll get a chance to correct
- those immediately by fine-tuning the mode.
-
- And, when the program brings up xvidtune to allow you to tweak your
- video mode, don't let the initial warning box make you nervous.
- Modern multisync monitors (unlike their fixed-frequency predecessors)
- are not easy to damage this way.
-
- XF86Config may assume that your mouse device is /dev/mouse. If you
- find this doesn't work, you may need to link /dev/mouse to whatever
- /dev/ca[01] the mouse is on. If you find that XFree86 gives you a
- "mouse busy" error when gpm is running, you may need to link to
- /dev/ttyS[01] instead.
-
- The configuration process operates by selecting a server corresponding
- to to the general type of your video card (such as XF86_VGA16,
- XF86_Mach64, or XF86_S3) and configuring an XF86Config that the server
- will read on startup to get specific parameters for your installation.
- The location of XF86Config varies depending on your OS, but one place
- to look for it is /etc/X11.
-
- On older versions of XFree86, XF86Setup links the `X' command directly
- to the chosen server. In recent versions, `X' is instead linked to a
- set-user-id wrapper program called Xwrapper. The idea is that all the
- setuid root stuff gets localized in Xwrapper so the server doesn't
- have to run setuid root.
-
-
-
- 4.2. Troubleshooting
-
-
- Occasionally, something will not be quite right when you initially
- fire up the X server. This is almost always caused by a problem in
- your configuration file. Usually, the monitor timing values are off,
- or the video card dot clocks set incorrectly. Minor problems can be
- fixed with xvidtune; a really garbled screen usually means you need to
- go back into XF86Setup and choose a less capable monitor type.
-
- If your display seems to roll, or the edges are fuzzy, this is a clear
- indication that the monitor timing values or dot clocks are wrong.
- Also be sure that you are correctly specifying your video card
- chipset, as well as other options for the Device section of
- XF86Config. Be absolutely certain that you are using the right X
- server and that /usr/X11R6/bin/X is a symbolic link to this server.
-
- If all else fails, try to start X ``bare''; that is, use a command
- such as:
-
-
- X > /tmp/x.out 2>&1
-
-
-
-
- You can then kill the X server (using the ctrl-alt-backspace key com¡
- bination) and examine the contents of /tmp/x.out. The X server will
- report any warnings or errors---for example, if your video card
- doesn't have a dot clock corresponding to a mode supported by your
- monitor.
-
- Remember that you can use ctrl-alt-numeric + and ctrl-alt-numeric - to
- switch between the video modes listed on the Modes line of the Screen
- section of XF86Config. If the highest resolution mode doesn't look
- right, try switching to lower resolutions. This will let you know, at
- least, that those parts of your X configuration are working correctly.
-
- Also, check the vertical and horizontal size/hold knobs on your
- monitor. In many cases it is necessary to adjust these when starting
- up X. For example, if the display seems to be shifted slightly to one
- side, you can usually correct this using the monitor controls.
-
- The USENET newsgroup comp.windows.x.i386unix is devoted to discussions
- about XFree86, as is comp.os.linux.x. It might be a good idea to
- watch that newsgroup for postings relating to your video
- configuration---you might run across someone with the same problems as
- your own.
-
-
- 4.3. Custom Configuration
-
- You will need to hand-hack your X configuration to get optimal
- performance if your monitor can support 1600x1200 -- the highest
- canned resolution XF86Setup supports is 1280x1024.
-
- If you want to hand-hack your video configuration for this or any
- other reason, go see the LDP's XFree86 Video Timings HOWTO,
- <http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.html>.
- (This is the up-to-date HTML version of XFree86's `Videomodes.doc'
- file.)
-
-
-
-
-
- 4.4. Using 16-bit Color
-
-
- By default, X uses 8-bit color depth giving 256 colors. To circumvent
- this restriction, many applications allocate their own colormaps,
- resulting in sudden color jumps when the cursor moves between two
- windows each having a color map of its own. The Arena WWW browser does
- it this way.
-
- If you want to use advanced graphic applications 256 colors may be not
- sufficient. You may need to go to 16-bit color depth (65,536 colors).
- But beware, not all applications will work with 16bit colors.
-
- You can use 16bit color depth with 65K different colors simply by
- starting X with
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- startx -- -bpp 16
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- or putting
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- exec X :0 -bpp 16
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- into your .xserverrc file. In order for this to work, however, you
- need to have a
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- screen
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- DefaultColorDepth 16
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- If you're using xdm, you may need to change the Xservers file, which
- is probably located in /etc/X11/xdm/. A typical configuration has
- just one uncommented line, looking something like
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- :0 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- Add
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- -bpp 16
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- :0 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X -bpp 16
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- Also, you'll need to add to the `screen' section of your X
- configuration a Display part with a Depth value of 16. Generally you
- can just duplicate the 8-bit Display section and change the Depth
- field.
-
- More colors makes your video card transfer more data during the same
- time. If your video card cannot cope, then either the resolution has
- or the refresh rate has to be reduced. By default, XFree reduces the
- resolution. If you want to keep the resolution and reduce the refresh
- rate, you must insert a new appropriate Modeline into your XF86Config
- file which defines that resolution with a lower refresh rate. For
- instance replace the old value
-
-
- Modeline "1024x768" 75 1024 1048 1184 1328 768 771 777 806 -hsync -vsync
-
-
-
-
- with
-
-
- Modeline "1024x768" 65 1024 1032 1176 1344 768 771 777 806 -hsync -vsync.
-
-
-
-
- The magic numbers 75 and 65 are the respective clock rates which you
- find reported by X in your .X.err file. Consult the monitors file in
- the XF86 documentation for Modelines suitable to the maximum clock
- rate your video card can deliver under 16bit color depth.
-
-
- 5. Running XFree86
-
- With your XF86Config file configured, you're ready to fire up the X
- server and give it a spin. First, be sure that /usr/X11R6/bin is on
- your path.
-
- The command to start up XFree86 is
-
- startx
-
-
- This is a front-end to xinit (in case you're used to using xinit on
- other UNIX systems).
-
- This command will start the X server and run the commands found in the
- file .xinitrc in your home directory. .xinitrc is just a shell script
- containing X clients to run. If this file does not exist, the system
- default /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xinit/xinitrc will be used.
-
- A standard .xinitrc file looks like this:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- #!/bin/sh
-
- xterm -fn 7x13bold -geometry 80x32+10+50 &
- xterm -fn 9x15bold -geometry 80x34+30-10 &
- oclock -geometry 70x70-7+7 &
- xsetroot -solid midnightblue &
-
- exec fvwm2
-
-
-
-
- This script will start up two xterm clients, an oclock, and set the
- root window (background) color to midnightblue. It will then start up
- fvwm2, the window manager. Note that fvwm2 is executed with the
- shell's exec statement; this causes the xinit process to be replaced
- with fvwm2. Once the fvwm2 process exits, the X server will shut down.
- You can cause fvwm2 to exit by using the root menus: depress mouse
- button 1 on the desktop background---this will display a pop up menu
- which will allow you to Exit Fvwm2.
-
- Be sure that the last command in .xinitrc is started with exec, and
- that it is not placed into the background (no ampersand on the end of
- the line). Otherwise the X server will shut down as soon as it has
- started the clients in the .xinitrc file.
-
- Alternately, you can exit X by pressing ctrl-alt-backspace in
- combination. This will kill the X server directly, exiting the window
- system.
-
- The above is a very, very simple desktop configuration. Many wonderful
- programs and configurations are available with a bit of work on your
- .xinitrc file.
-
- If you are new to the X Window System environment, we strongly suggest
- picking up a book such as The Joy of X: An Overview of the X Window
- System by Niall Mansfield (Addison-Wesley 1993, ISBN 0201-565129).
- Using and configuring X is far too in-depth to cover here. See the man
- pages for xterm, oclock, and fvwm2 for clues on getting started.
-
-
- 5.1. Terms of Use
-
- This document is copyright 1996 by Eric S. Raymond. You may use,
- disseminate, and reproduce it freely, provided you:
-
-
- ╖ Do not omit or alter this copyright notice.
-
- ╖ Do not omit or alter the version number and date.
-
- ╖ Do not omit or alter the document's pointer to the current WWW
- version.
-
- ╖ Clearly mark any condensed or altered versions as such.
-
- These restrictions are intended to protect potential readers from
- stale or mangled versions. If you think you have a good case for an
- exception, ask me.
-
-
- 5.2. Acknowledgements
-
- This document was originated by Matt Welsh in the dim and backward
- abysm of time. Thanks, Matt!
-
- 6. Translations
-
-
- ╖ Italian <http://www.pluto.linux.it/ildp/HOWTO/XFree86-HOWTO.html>
-
- ╖ Slovenian <http://www.lugos.si/delo/slo/HOWTO-sl/XFree86-HOWTO-
- sl.html>
-
- ╖ Croatian <http://meta.mioc.hr/XFree86-KAKO.html>
-
- ╖ Dutch <http://www.nl.linux.org/doc/HOWTO/>
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