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README
Java Solaris Native Threads Pack
Version 1.1.6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
CONTENTS
Overview of the Native Threads Pack
System Requirements
Installation
Using the Native Threads Pack
- The THREADS_FLAG environment variable
- The -native and -green convenience options
=======================================================================
OVERVIEW OF THE NATIVE THREADS PACK
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
The Solaris Native Threads Pack 1.1.6 is available in FCS versions for
Solaris SPARC and Solaris-x86. When you install the Native Threads
Pack, the Java virtual machine (VM) is able to use native threads when
running Java code. Native threads can provide several advantages over
the default threads package (called green threads), depending on your
computing situation. Among the benefits of using the native threads VM
are:
- If you run Java code in a multi-processor environment, the
Solaris kernel can schedule native threads on the parallel
processors for increased performance. By contrast, green
threads exist only at the user-level and are not mapped to
multiple kernel threads by the operating system. Performance
enhancement from parallelism cannot be realized using green
threads.
- The native threads VM can call into C libraries that use
Solaris native threads. Such libraries cannot be used with
green threads.
- When using the native threads, the VM can avoid some
inefficient remapping of I/O system calls that are necessary
when green threads are used.
In some instances, it may be advisable to use the default green
threads. Native code that is not multithread safe (MT-safe) may not
work correctly with native threads. In general, if you aren't using
the native Solaris threads mechanisms directly, then you need to
compile your native code with the option -D_REENTRANT to make sure
that they work correctly in a threaded environment. You may also need
to use reentrant versions of certain Solaris interfaces.
Specific information concerning multithreaded programming on Solaris
may be found in the Multithreaded Programming Guide of the Solaris
Software Developer AnswerBook. This information is also available
at http://docs.sun.com. Navigate to the Tools link under the
Programming heading and go to the link "Solaris 2.6 Software
Developer Collection Vol. 1".
It is possible that thread-synchronization bugs in code that you run
may be hidden when using green threads, but may manifest themselves
when run under native threads. You should consider this possibility if
your code runs differently under the two threads packages.
The Native Threads Pack has not been tested in conjunction with any
JIT compiler, and its use with JIT compilers is not recommended.
If you encounter any problems or bugs with the Native Threads Pack,
please report them via the JavaSoft bug submission web page at
http://java.sun.com/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi. Please select the
"runtime" subcategory when reporting a bug against the Native Threads
Pack.
=======================================================================
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
The JavaSoft JDK 1.1.6 or JRE 1.1.6 must be installed on your machine
prior to the installation of the Native Threads Pack.
To use Solaris Native Threads, you need Solaris 2.5.1 or Solaris 2.6.
Earlier versions of Solaris, including Solaris 2.5, are not supported.
To support Native Threads, Solaris 2.5.1 needs two patches which
resolve thread synchronization problems. On Solaris-SPARC, the
required patches are 103566-08 and 103640-08. On Solaris-x86, the
required patches are 104241-01 and 103641-08. The last two digits of
the patch numbers indicate the patch version; you can use the
indicated patch versions or later versions of the same patches.
To determine which patches are installed, use the shell command
"showrev":
% showrev -p
You can obtain patches from your warranty provider, from SunService
(if you have a SunSpectrum contract) or from the SunSolve web site.
To obtain these patches from the SunSolve web site:
1. Access the web site at http://sunsolve.sun.com/.
2. Choose the "Public Patches" link.
3. Download either the Solaris 2.5.1 Recommended Patch Cluster or
the Solaris 2.5.1 x86_Recommended Patch Cluster.
4. Follow the instructions in the Patch Cluster README, available
from the "Public Patches" page.
=======================================================================
INSTALLATION
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
To install the Native Threads Pack on top of JDK 1.1.6, the download
file must be opened inside the jdk1.1.6 directory, on the same level as
the bin and lib directories. To install the Native Threads Pack on top
of JRE 1.1.6, the download file must be opened inside the jre1.1.6
directory, on the same level as the bin and lib directories.
Installation for SPARC ------------------------------------------------
To install the Native Threads Pack on a SPARC-based machine, execute
the following commands:
% chmod a+x ntp116-solaris2-sparc.bin
% ./ntp116-solaris2-sparc.bin
Two directories, jdk1.1.6/bin/sparc/native_threads and
jdk1.1.6/lib/sparc/native_threads, will be created to contain the
Native Threads Pack files.
Installation for x86 --------------------------------------------------
To install the Native Threads Pack on an x86-based machine, execute
the following commands:
% chmod a+x ntp116-solaris2-x86.bin
% ./ntp116-solaris2-x86.bin
Two directories, jdk1.1.6/bin/i386/native_threads and
jdk1.1.6/lib/i386/native_threads, will be created to contain the Native
Threads Pack files.
=======================================================================
USING THE NATIVE THREADS PACK
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
The THREADS_FLAG Environment Variable ---------------------------------
All the tools in the JDK use green threads as a default. To specify
that native threads should be used, set the THREADS_FLAG environment
variable:
% setenv THREADS_FLAG native
You can revert to use of green threads by setting THREADS_FLAG to
the value green:
% setenv THREADS_FLAG green
The -native and -green Convenience Options ----------------------------
You can specify that the JDK tools should use either native threads or
green threads by using the -native and -green convenience options. If
you use -native or -green, they must be the first option specified on
the command line.
The convenience options can be used as in these examples:
% java -native mypkg.MyClass
% javac -native MyClass.java
% appletviewer -green MyApplet.html
The convenience options override the setting of the THREADS_FLAG
environment variable.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright ⌐ 1997, 1998 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303-4900. USA
All rights reserved.