1Please, be quiet. I'm trying {16/to concentrate}.
2He learnt {8/to play} the piano when he was young.
Where do you want {6/to go}?
*I've forgotten {8/to send} her a postcard.
!The tenants refused {9/to leave}.
He promised {6/to be} on time.
Don't pretend {6/to be} angry.
$We've decided {8/to leave} tomorrow.
We would like {8/to meet} him.
speak
leave
concentrate
become
concentrate
leave
leave
leave
send
show
Infinitive
@Zagl
dnij do s
ownika.@
#Consult a dictionary.#
)@Uzupe
nij zdania. U
yj jednego ze s
w:@5#Complete the sentence using one of the given words.#
)@Uzupe
nij zdania. U
yj jednego ze s
#Complete the sentence:#
I hope {6/to see} you soon.
$The rooms {12/are tidied} every day.
!My car {12/was stolen} yesterday.
I {12/am paid} $1000 a month.
1These houses {12/were built} about 200 years ago.
0This programme {12/is shown} on TV every Friday.
5Three houses {12/were damaged} in the fire last week.
.Many different languages {12/are spoken} here.
"I {12/was born} in London in 1951.
Butter {12/is made} from milk.
%They {12/were woken} up by the noise.
steal
build
damage
speak
make
Passive voice
@Budowa strony biernej:@
#Forming the passive voice:#
3_ - somebody asks him - he is asked3_ - somebody asked him - he was asked3_ - somebody has asked him - he has been asked3_ - somebody will ask him - he will be asked
(@Uzupe
nij zdania. U
yj strony biernej.@:#Complete the sentence. Use the passive form of the verb.#
(@Uzupe
nij zdania. U
yj strony biernej.@.#Complete the sentence. Use the passive form.#
damage2
3This car {11/was damaged} in an accident yesterday.
,It is {9} to explain some grammatical rules.
the last
difficult
sorry
surprised
"That ladder isn't {8} to stand on.
polite
sorry
safe
the last
1I was {9} to find a complete stranger in my room.
polite
difficult
surprised
,I'm {6/sorry} to hear that your wife is ill.
sorry
polite
(Your handwriting is almost {10} to read.
difficult
impossible
surprised
It was {9} of them to invite me.
sorry
surprised
difficult
6It wasn't {10} of you to leave without saying goodbye.
difficult
polite
surprised
the last
impossible
$It was {10} of you to offer me help.
sorry
impossible
difficult
surprised
<We always have to wait for her. She's always {10} to arrive.
difficult
polite
impossible
the last
/He mumbles. It's almost {10} to understand him.
sorry
impossible
safe
Adjectives
@Przyk
ady:@#Examples:#
"It is difficult to understand him.
How kind of you to let me come.
5@Uzupe
nij zdania wybieraj
c jeden podanych wyraz
w.@2#Complete the sentence choosing one of the words.#
-@Uzupe
nij zdania u
c podanych wyraz
w.@/#Complete the sentence using one of the words.#
&It is {9/difficult} to understand him.
difficult
sorry
surprised
{30/smaller, smallest}
{30/younger, youngest}
{30/softer, softest}
{30/more useful, most useful}
{30/harder, hardest}
{30/longer, longest}
{30/brighter, brightest}
{30/braver, bravest}
#{35/more difficult, most difficult}
#{35/more colourful, most colourful}
small
young
useful
bright
brave
difficult
colourful
Adjectives - comparison
@Przyk
ad:@#Example:#:
$long - longer - longest+difficult - more difficult - most difficult
&#The length of the adjective decides.# @Decyduje d
przymiotnika.@
;@Utw
rz stopie
szy i najwy
szy podanych przymiotnik
w.@B#Form the comparative and the superlative of the given adjective.#
$@Utw
rz stopie
szy i najwy
szy.@+#Form the comparative and the superlative.#
strong2
{20/stronger, strongest}
?Mole {8/slipped} out of Ratty's warm parlour into the open air.
1The sky {8/was} steely. The countryside was bare.
<Twigs {8/crackled} under Mole's feet. Trees {8/took} on ugly
&crouching shapes. The light {8/faded}.
DMole {8/began} to feel frightened. Then the faces began - evil faces
Glooking out of holes and then vanishing. Mole {8/kept} up his pace and,
Dlooking around, {8/saw} every hole with a face in it, all fixing him
8with sharp looks. He {8/ran} and {8/bumped} into a tree.
crackle
begin
Simple Past Tense
@5Pewne czasowniki s
nieregularne i trzeba si
nauczy
6formy przesz
ej indywidualnie. S
pewne podobie
stwa i
schematy ale nie za wiele./Zagl
dnij do listy czasownik
w nieregularnych.@
#7Some verbs are irregular and you have to learn the past8forms by heart. There are some patterns and similarities
but not too many.+Consult the list of irregular verbs (F2)..#
G@Uzupe
nij zdania u
c czasu Simple Past odpowiedniego czasownika.@B#Complete the story. Use the Simple Past form of a suitable verb.#
.@Uzupe
nij zdania u
c czasu Simple Past.@*#Complete the story. Use the Simple Past.#
start2
>They {7/started} dancing but he {7/slipped} and {4/fell} down.
I like {3} flowers.
8Your garden is beautiful. {3/The} flowers are very nice.
I don't like {3} coffee.
5{3/The} English are famous for their sense of humour.
1"Where is {3/the} coffee?" " It's on the table."
#Taking {3} photographs is my hobby.
CI must show you {3/the} photographs I took when we were on holiday.
I don't like {3} windy weather.
#{3/The} weather is very nice today.
&Do you think {3} English is difficult?
Articles
7@`the' - gdy rzeczownik jest wyr
niony przez kontekst@:#`the' - when the noun is a specified person, thing, etc.#
"@Inne przyk
ady:@#Other examples:#
%the radio, the cinema, -- television,
-- lunch, -- breakfast,
the sea, the country,
4-- hospital (when ill), the hospital (when visiting)
A@Wstaw `the' gdy jest to potrzebne, a gdy nie to naci
nij Enter.@3#Put in `the' if necessary. Otherwise press Enter.#
$@Wstaw `the' gdy jest to potrzebne.@
#Put in `the' if necessary.#
Do you like {3} coffee?
She {3/is} sorry.
They {3/are} right.
You {3/are} calm.
I {3/am} pleased.
He {3/is} annoyed.
It {3/is} all right.
We {3/are} late.
You {3/are} surprised.
They {3/are} ready.
It {3/is} too bad.
BE as an ordinary verb
I am
you, we, they are
he, she, it is
@Wybierz w
form
#Choose the correct form.#
@Wybierz w
form
#Choose the correct form.#
He {3} late.
I had enough money to buy two.
4{15/I didn't have/I hadn't} enough money to buy two.
He had a red car last year.
,{15/Did he have/Had he} a red car last year?
They had the kind they wanted.
1{15/Did they have/Had they} the kind they wanted?
They had the kind they wanted.
7{20/They didn't have/They hadn't} the kind they wanted.
We had some cigarettes.
'{15/Did we have/Had we} any cigarettes?
We had some cigarettes.
-{20/We didn't have/We hadn't} any cigarettes.
I had some money on me.
&{15/Did I have/Had I} any money on me?
I had some money on me.
,{20/I didn't have/I hadn't} any money on me.
You had a camera yesterday.
-{15/Did you have/Had you} a camera yesterday?
You had a camera yesterday.
3{18/You didn't have/You hadn't} a camera yesterday.
@zaprzeczenie@#negative#
@pytanie@#question#
@pytanie@#question#
@zaprzeczenie@#negative#
@pytanie@#question#
@zaprzeczenie@#negative#
@pytanie@#question#
@zaprzeczenie@#negative#
@pytanie@#question#
@zaprzeczenie@#negative#
#Question#@Pytanie@
_ Did she have ... ?
_ Had she ... ?
#Negative#@Zaprzeczenie@
_ She did not have ...
_ She didn't have ...
_ She had not ...
_ She hadn't ...
7@Napisz pytania lub zaprzeczenia. U
yj kr
tkiej formy.@0#Write questions or negatives. Use short forms.#
:@Napisz pytanie lub zaprzeczenie u
tkiej formy.@0#Write questions or negatives. Use short forms.#
@zaprzeczenie@#negative#2
He had a red car last year.
({14/He didn't have} a red car last year.
#You live in London, {12/don't you}?
Tom can drive, {12/can't he}?
You'll help me, {12/won't you}?
%They're on holiday, {12/aren't they}?
You smoke, {12/don't you}?
$It's a beautiful day, {12/isn't it}?
%You locked the door, {12/didn't you}?
.Those flowers are very nice, {12/aren't they}?
He was angry, {12/wasn't he}?
)You were ill last week, {12/weren't you}?
Question tags
@Przyk
ady:@#Examples:#
!_ They are nice, aren't they?
_ It is fun, isn't it?
G@Doko
cz zdania zwrotem pytaj
cym odpowiadaj
cym polskiemu "nieprawda
tkiej formy.@&#Add a question tag. Use short forms.#
#@Doko
cz zdania zwrotem pytaj
cym.@
#Add a question tag.#
It's a lovely hat, {9/isn't is}?
She came early.
{15/So did I.}
They were late for the concert.
{15/So were you.}
We need a holiday.
{15/So do I.}
(They spent the whole day playing bridge.
{15/So did I.}
We should smoke less.
{15/So should I.}
We've never been to China.
{15/Neither have I.}
They don't like bananas.
{15/Neither do I.}
We didn't know that she was ill.
{15/Neither did I.}
I'd love a cup of coffee.
{15/So would I.}
We arrived last night.
{15/So did they.}
they Additions
@Przyk
ad:@#Example:#
8I'm tired. - So am I. ( = I'm tired, too)(I passed the exam. - So did Mary.+I haven't got any change. - Neither have I.._ - I haven't either.(_ - Nor have I.
cz swoj
wypowied
c `so' lub `neither'.@7#Add to the following remarks using `so' or `neither'.#
cz swoj
do nast
cych wypowiedzi.@
#Add your remarks.#
Mary likes tea. {8/So do I.}
*The children were asleep half an hour ago.
They {20/are still asleep.}
*The children were asleep half an hour ago.
6They {30/haven't woken up yet./have not woken up yet.}
'Tom was looking for a job one weak ago.
#He {30/is still looking for a job.}
'Tom was looking for a job one weak ago.
8He {30/hasn't found a job yet./has not found a job yet.}
*They were having their dinner one our ago.
(They {40/are still having their dinner.}
*They were having their dinner one our ago.
PThey {40/haven't finished their dinner yet./have not finished their dinner yet.}
Jane was at school one hour ago.
She {30/is still at school.}
Jane was at school one hour ago.
5She {30/hasn't come back yet./has not come back yet.}
It was raining half an hour ago.
It {30/is still raining.}
It was raining half an hour ago.
@It {30/hasn't stopped raining yet./has not stopped raining yet.}
still
yet / wake up
still
yet / find
still
yet / finish
still
yet / come back
still
yet / stop
Adverb
@still - w dalszym ci
gu, nadal@@#still - something is the same as before - the action continues#
,@yet - do teraz@#up to the time of speaking#
$@Napisz zdania z podanymi wyrazami.@'#Write sentences. Use the given words.#
$@Napisz zdania z podanymi wyrazami.@'#Write sentences. Use the given words.#
still2
#Mary was on holiday three days ago.
She {20/is still on holiday.}
They spent their money.
H{40/They foolishly spent their money./They spent their money foolishly.}
Please answer my letter.
&{40/Please answer my letter promptly.}
He opened the door.
@{40/He opened the door carefully./He carefully opened the door.}
Simon washed the windows.
#{40/Simon washed the windows well.}
&He denied that he had stolen the bike.
3{50/He angrily denied that he had stolen the bike.}
She speaks French.
{30/She speaks French well.}
They looked at me.
D{40/They looked at me suspiciously./They looked suspiciously at me.}
He paid for us all.
#{40/He generously paid for us all.}
'He paid us. We have a lot of money now.
7{30/He paid us generously.} We have a lot of money now.
He solved the problem.
@{40/He easily solved the problem./He solved the problem easily.}
foolishly
promptly
carefully
angrily
suspiciously
generously
generously
easily
Position of Adverbs
#Adverb of*_ manner - medial or final position#
@Przys
wek#_ sposobu - koniec lub
rodek@
)@Wstaw przys
wek w odpowiednim miejscu.@+#Insert the adverb in the proper position.#
)@Wstaw przys
wek w odpowiednim miejscu.@+#Insert the adverb in the proper position.#
easily2
The boy climbed the tree.
%{33/The boy easily climbed the tree.}
2It {20/would have broken} if he had not caught it.
1He would have told her if she {20/had asked} him.
>If she {20/had known} that, she would not have made a mistake.
<He {20/would have succeeded} if he had done as you told him.
<If she had left earlier, she {20/would have caught} the bus.
0It {20/would have been} safer if you had waited.
6He {25/would have never known} if you hadn't told him.
`If he had lost his spectacles, he {30/wouldn't have been able/would not have been able} to read.
DIf you {20/had opened} the case you would have found the spectacles.
=If she had fallen into the lake, she {25/would have drowned}.
break
succeed
catch
never know
not be able
open
drown
Conditional - type 3
@;Tryb warunkowy - typ 3 - zdarzenia nierealne - sk
ada si
z3_ - cz
ci `if' (warunek) - stosujemy Past PerfectC_ - czynno
ci - stosujemy `would'+`have'+imies
w czasu przesz
&Kolejno
odwr
cona.@
#FConditional type 3 - unreal event that didn't take place - consists of2_ - `if' part (condition): here use Past Perfect,D_ - action: here use the -would+have+past participle- construction.
2Note that the order of the parts may be reversed.#
@Wpisz w
ciwy czas.@$#Use the correct tense of the verb:#
@Wpisz w
ciwy czas.@$#Use the correct tense of the verb:#
!If it hadn't rained all the time,
(it {15/would have been} a pleasant walk.
1The hotel was very noisy {7} they couldn't sleep.
because
)I went to bed early {7} I was very tired.
because
AMilchester looked a very nice place {7} they decided to go there.
because
:They can't get into the room {7} they haven't got the key.
because
2He is learning English {7} he needs it in his job.
because
&We like Mary {7} she is very friendly.
because
.I won't be at home tonight {7} don't phone me.
because
(It was too hot {7} he opened the window.
because
,We often go to the cinema {7} we like films.
because
3The water wasn't clean {7} they didn't go swimming.
because
Conjunctions
7_ so... - #the result of something#@wynik czego
@7_ because... - #the reason of something#@pow
d czego
@Uzupe
nij zdania.@
#Complete the sentence.#
@Uzupe
nij zdania.@
#Complete the sentence.#
2They weren't enjoying themselves {7} so they left.
because
/{20/She'll be doing} her homework after dinner.
5{20/We'll be swimming} in the sea this time tomorrow.
*{20/I'll be waiting} for you at 7 o'clock.
){20/We'll be having} tea about 5 o'clock.
/{20/He'll be talking} for another half an hour.
.{20/It'll be getting} dark when you come back.
2{20/He'll be lecturing} on modern poets next week.
%{20/She'll be leaving} in a few days.
%{20/They'll be playing} bridge later.
){20/I'll be seeing} her tomorrow morning.
she/do
we/swim
I/wait
we/have
he/talk
it/get
he/lecture
she/leave
they/play
I/see
Future Continuous
+@Do budowy czasu Future Continuous u
ywamy@##To build Future Continuous we use#
1) will/shall
,@zale
nie od osoby, lub kr
tkiej formy: 'll@8#depending on the person, or simply the short form: 'll#1@kt
ra jest taka sama we wszystkich przypadkach;@!#which is the same in all cases;#
2) be + -ing
@@Napisz zdania w czasie Future Continuous. U
yj kr
tkiej formy.@<#Write sentences in Future Continuous using the short form.#
.@Uzupe
nij zdania w czasie Future Continuous.@.#Complete the sentences in Future Continuous.#
he/wait2
+{16/He'll be waiting} for her after dinner.
&{25/What are you going to do} tonight?
E{25/I am going to spend/I'm going to spend} my next holiday in Spain.
={20/I am going to go/I'm going to go} to the theatre tonight.
E{25/We are going to visit/We're going to visit} my parents on Sunday.
){30/When is he going to finish} this job?
*{30/What are you going to have} for lunch?
0{40/What time are you going to get up} tomorrow?
'{35/How much are you going to pay} him?
@{25/We are going to meet/We're going to meet} again next Friday.
K{25/They are going to have/They're going to have} another party next month.
what/you/do
I/spend
I/go
we/visit
when/he/finish
what/you/have
what time/you/get up
how much/you/pay
we/meet
they/have
Future - `going to'
1@Przysz
e plany opisujemy konstrukcj
`going to'.
Budujemy j
)1) odpowiedniej formy czasownika `to be',
2) `going to',
3) czasownika.@;#Future plans are described by the `going to' construction.
We form it by using
;1) the appropriate form of `to be' (I am, you are, etc. ),
2) `going to',
3) the verb.#
:@Zbuduj zdania u
c podanych s
w i formy `going to'.@@#Build sentences using the given words and the `going to' form.#
*@Zbuduj zdania u
c formy `going to'.@,#Build sentences using the `going to' form.#
I/play2
'{18/I am going to play} bridge tonight.
={40/He is going to sell his car./He's going to sell his car.}
I{40/We're going to leave in one week./We are going to leave in one week.}
A{40/He's going to sell his house./He is going to sell his house.}
6{30/She'll know the answer./She will know the answer.}
;{40/When shall I see you again?/When will I see you again?}
={40/She's going to have a baby./She is going to have a baby.}
Q{50/He's going to write to me every week./He is going to write to me every week.}
T{40/I'll phone you tomorrow./I will phone you tomorrow./I shall phone you tomorrow.}
R{50/He'll probably be in Paris next week./He will probably be in Paris next week.}
9{40/We're going to buy a car./We are going to buy a car.}
we/buy/a car&Simple Future - Present for the Future
li przysz
a czynno
jest zamierzona - u
yj `going to'.@Je
li nie jest ca
kiem pewna - u
yj Simple Future (will/shall).@
#2If the future action is intended - use `going to'.)If it is not so sure - use `will/shall'.#
6@Napisz zdanie u
c `going to' lub Simple Future.@5#Write a sentence using `going to' or Simple Future.#&Use `going to'-form or Simple Future.#
6@Napisz zdanie u
c `going to' lub Simple Future.@5#Write a sentence using `going to' or Simple Future.#
I/think/I/go out/tonight2
!{28/I think I'll go out tonight.}
Do you like {10/reading} books?
I hate {10/dancing}.
(She doesn't mind {10/travelling} by air.
!He suggested {10/going} by train.
+She has finished {10/cleaning} the kitchen.
He has given up {10/smoking}.
)We consider {10/painting} the walls blue.
-I recollect {10/telling} him about our plans.
He can't help {10/missing} her.
4She couldn't resist {10/buying} such a lovely dress.
dance
travel
clean
smoke
paint
miss
Gerund
7@Gerund tworzymy dodaj
`-ing' do czasownika.5Je
li czasownik ko
czy si
na `-e' to je opuszczamy.@/#Gerund is formed by adding `-ing' to the verb.+If the verb ends with `-e', it is dropped.#
_ (write, writing)
/@Niekiedy ostatnia sp
oska jest powt
rzona.@2#For some short verbs the last letter is doubled.#
_ (sit, sitting)
)@Uzupe
nij zdanie stosuj
c form
`-ing'.@-#Complete the sentence with the `-ing' form.#
)@Uzupe
nij zdanie stosuj
c form
`-ing'.@-#Complete the sentence with the `-ing' form.#
write2
Do you like {7/writing} letters?
\He {15/can/could/was able to/will be able to} pass his examination because he studied a lot.
:He {15/could/was able to} run very fast when he was young.
GShe {15/will be able to} draw with her left hand if she practices more.
CShe {15/could/was able to} draw with her left hand when she had to.
OWe {15/can/will be able to/could} catch the nine-thirty train tomorrow morning.
HYesterday we {15/were able to/could} catch the train in spite of the fog
and we arrived in time.
7She {15/can/will be able to} do what she likes tonight.
=He said I {15/could/was able to} have a look at his painting.
+They said I {15/could} pour out the coffee.
IThey {15/will be able to/can} put the fire out when another engine comes.
could
will be able to
was able to
were able to
Modals
5@Czas przysz
y od@#Future of# `can' = will be able to;@Czas przesz
y od@#Past of# `can' = could, was/were able to
@Uzupe
nij zdania za pomoc
#Complete the sentence. Use#
@Uzupe
nij zdania za pomoc
#Complete the sentence. Use#
could
will be able to2
*When he was young he {5/could} run faster.
We must hurry. We {8} be late.
mustn't
needn't
$You {8} pay today. Tomorrow will do.
mustn't
needn't
'This is a secret. You {8} tell anybody.
mustn't
needn't
3The weather is fine today. We {8} take an umbrella.
mustn't
needn't
0You {8} drive fast. There is a speed limit here.
mustn't
needn't
)You {8} drive fast. We've plenty of time.
mustn't
needn't
9This letter is very important. You {8} forget to post it.
mustn't
needn't
<You {8} read the whole book. The first two chapters will do.
mustn't
needn't
:You {8} wear that dress again. You look terrible in green.
mustn't
needn't
2You {8} go to the bank. I can give you some money.
mustn't
needn't
Modals
(mustn't (must not) -#prohibition#@zakaz@
9needn't (need not) - #absence of obligation#@brak nakazu@
needn't = don't need to
+@Uzupe
nij zdanie.@#Complete the sentence.#
+@Uzupe
nij zdanie.@#Complete the sentence.#
!You are too young. You {7} smoke.
mustn't
needn't
(John: I'll take the children to the zoo.
:John said that {20/he would take} the children to the zoo.
Ann: I won't tell anybody.
DAnn promised that {25/she wouldn't tell/she would not tell} anybody.
Dennis: I won't complain.
BDennis said that {25/he wouldn't complain/she would not complain}.
Mary: I'll lend you some money.
1Mary said that {20/she would lend} me some money.
Simon: I'll be on time.
)Simon said that {20/he would be} on time.
Sue: I won't be late.
=Sue promised that {25/she wouldn't be/she would not be} late.
David: I'll write to you.
.David promised that {20/he would write} to us.
Sam: I won't forget.
:Sam said that {25/he wouldn't forget/he would not forget}.
Jill: I'll help them.
(Jill said that {25/she would help them}.
!Lucy: I won't answer this letter.
ILucy said that {25/she wouldn't answer/she would not answer} this letter.
Modals
@Przyk
ad:@#_Example:#
_ "I will come."%_ He said that he would come.
)@Przekszta
na zdania w mowie zale
nej.@)#Put the following into Reported Speech.#
%@Przekszta
zdania na mow
zale
.@)#Put the following into Reported Speech.#
Mary: I promise I'll come.
'Mary promised {19/that she would come}.
!People drink {5} milk than juice.
fewer
-There are {5} chairs than people in the room.
fewer
.There is {5} poetry in our textbook this year.
fewer
.There are {5} poems in the textbook this year.
fewer
We'll have {5} sport next year.
fewer
There was {5} rain last summer.
fewer
#We have {5} leisure time this year.
fewer
They drink {5} coffee than tea.
fewer
+There are {5} girls than boys in our class.
fewer
(Our library has {5} books than this one.
fewer
Noun - countable/uncountable
>#With countable nouns use `fewer', with uncountable - `less'.#.@Z rzeczownikami policzalnymi u
ywamy `fewer',
_a z niepoliczalnymi - `less'.@
+@Uzupe
nij zdania.@#Complete the sentence.#
+@Uzupe
nij zdania.@#Complete the sentence.#
'There are {5} jobs available this year.
fewer
the door/the house
{25/the door of the house}
the top floor/the house
{30/the top floor of the house}
the decision/the goverment
{25/the goverment's decision}
the house/Mary and John
{25/Mary and John's house}
birthday/Charles
){25/Charles' birthday/Charles's birthday}
car/Mr Jones
!{20/Mr Jones' car/Mr Jones's car}
intervention/America
{25/America's intervention}
plays/Shakespeare
{25/Shakespeare's plays}
wives/Henry the Eight
{30/Henry the Eight's wives}
the result/the match
{30/the result of the match}
Noun - Possessive Case
@0Dla s
w nie ko
cych si
na `s' dodajemy -'s.0Dla s
w w liczbie mnogiej ko
cych si
na `s'#dodajemy tylko apostrof ' na ko
,`of' stosujemy dla przedmiot
w nieo
ywionych
(z pewnymi wyj
tkami).
#=For singular and plural words not ending with `s' we add -'s.9For plural nouns ending with `s' we add the apostrophe '.
F`of' is the normal possesive for objects other from people and animals
(with some exceptions).
*#Join two nouns. Use 's or ' if possible.#<@Po
cz dwa rzeczowniki u
c 's lub ' je
li to mo
liwe.@
*#Join two nouns. Use 's or ' if possible.#
cz dwa rzeczowniki.@
the umbrella / my mother
{21/my mother's umbrella}
brushes {8/brush}
ladies {8/lady}
women {8/woman}
children {8/child}
halves {8/half}
churches {8/church}
libraries {8/library}
knives {8/knife}
flies {8/fly}
roses {8/rose}
Noun - singular/plural
@8W liczbie mnogiej na og
dodajemy ko
`s' lub `es'*ale niekt
re rzeczowniki s
nieregularne.@
#,Usually we form plural by adding `s' or `es'
but some nouns are irregular.#
@Zmie
na liczb
pojedyncz
#Put into singular.#
@Zmie
na liczb
pojedyncz
#Put into singular.#
balls {4/ball}
=I {12/was walking} over the bridge when I {12/saw} a monster.
7He {12/came} in when we {12/were eating} our breakfast.
:We {12/drank} coffee every day when we {12/were} in Italy.
:I {12/was digging} in the garden when I {12/found} a coin.
8She {12/was looking} into the mirror when it {12/broke}.
drink
break
Past Continuous and Past Simple
@Mamy dwie przesz
e czynno
ci:C_ jedna rozci
ga si
ugim okresie czasu - u
yj Past Continuous@_ inna zachodzi w mi
dzyczasie - u
yj Simple Past@
#We have two past actions:C_ one extends over a longer period - use the Past Continuous tense@_ other takes place meanwhile - use the Past Simple tense#
5@Uzupe
nij zdanie w Simple Past lub Past Continuous.@E#Put the verb into the correct form: Past Simple or Past Continuous.#
5@Uzupe
nij zdanie w Simple Past lub Past Continuous.@&#Put the verbs into the correct form.#
cross
$When I {12/was crossing} the street,
I {3/saw} the red car crash.
(I went to sleep after you {12/had gone}.
1She died after she {12/had been} ill a long time.
4He {15/had just left} when they called at his house.
:I was surprised to hear that she {12/had passed} the exam.
:She went to the doctor after I {12/had told} her to do so.
DThey wondered why I {15/had not visited/hadn't visited} them before.
7The burglar {12/had escaped} before the police arrived.
@After it {12/had been} dry for a long time, it rained yesterday.
9They {15/had finished} their homework before I came back.
@She discovered to her horror that she {15/had swallowed} a ring.
leave (just)
not visit
escape
finish
swallow
Past Perfect Tense
@Budowa czasu Past Perfect:F_ przesz
a forma czasownika `to have' - I had, you had, he had, etc. _ + imies
w czasu przesz
ego@##The Past Perfect form consists of:;_ the past form of `to have': I had, you had, he had, etc.
_ + the past participle#
__ (I had gone)
@Uzupe
nij zdania.@3#Complete the sentence. Use the Past Perfect form.#
@Uzupe
nij zdania.@
#Complete the sentence.#
leave2
$I went to bed after he {8/had left}.
(Could you {6/fill} in this form, please.
!The firemen {6/put} the fire out.
-{6/Switch/Turn} off TV. Nobody's watching it.
If you don't know the word
-you have to {6/look} it up in the dictionary.
'{6/Turn} down the radio. It's too loud.
ICan you {6/turn/switch} the radio on? I would like to listen to the news.
2I like that dress. I'm going to {6/try/put} it on.
)This newspaper is old. {6/Throw} it away.
,A cat was {6/run} over by a car on our road.
You must {6/give} up smoking.
Phrasal verbs
@Zagl
dnij do s
ownika.@
#Consult a dictionary.#
+@Uzupe
nij zdania.@#Complete the sentence.#
+@Uzupe
nij zdania.@#Complete the sentence.#
/I will need this page. Don't {5/throw} it away.
"Have you ever {20/seen that film?}
_%{40/I've seen that film three times.}
'Have you ever {25/climbed Mount Blanc?}
_${40/I've never climbed Mount Blanc.}
"Have you ever {20/ridden a horse?}
_${40/I've ridden a horse many times.}
!Have you ever {20/met the Queen?}
{40/I've never met the Queen.}
,Have you ever {30/tried this new detergent?}
_({50/I've just tried this new detergent.}
see, that film
three times
climb, Mount Blanc
never
ride, a horse
many times
meet, the Queen
never
try, this new detergent
Present Perfect Tense
ywamy `I have', `he has'... + imies
w czasu przesz
ego@0#We use `I have', `he has'... + past participle#
%_ (I have read, he has written,...).
(@W pytaniach zmieniamy porz
dek wyraz
w@(#In questions we change the word order.#
(_ (have I read ?, has he written ?...).
owa takie jak `never', `ever' ... id
rodka pomi
`have' i imies
w@1#Words like `never', `ever' ... go in the middle,'between `have' and the past participle#
_ (I have never been ...)
tka forma:@#Contractions:#
_ have = 've
_ has = 's
@@Doko
cz pytanie i daj pe
odpowied
tkiej formy.@C#Complete the question and give a full answer using contractions. #
%@Doko
cz pytanie i odpowiedz na nie.@'#Complete the question and answer it. #
buy a new car
once2
$Have you ever {17/bought a new car?}
_ {27/I've once bought a new car.}
Where are the children?
-They {12/are playing} football in the garden.
#Look! Susan {12/is riding} a horse.
Can I speak to David, please?
5He {12/is having} a shower at the moment, I'm afraid.
$I {12/am working}. Please, be quiet.
Where are you Jane?
+In the bathroom. I {12/am washing} my hair.
'Take your umbrella. It {12/is raining}.
Look out! A car {12/is coming}.
&Auch! You {12/are standing} on my toe!
/The telephone {12/is ringing}. Will you get it?
$Listen, Jane {12/is singing} a song.
stand
Present Continuous Tense
ywamy w
ciwej formy czasownika `to be' i formy `ing'.@A#We use the proper form of `to be' + the `ing' form of the verb.#
_ I am + smiling
_ you are + sitting
_ ...
-@Zagl
dnij do s
ownika aby wybra
czasownik.@,#Consult the dictionary to choose the verb.#
D@Uzupe
nij zdania jednym z czasownik
w w czasie Present Continuous.@K#Fill in the sentence with the Present Continuous form of a suitable verb.#
/@Uzupe
nij zdania w czasie Present Continuous.@4#Fill in the sentence using the Present Continuous.#
stand
wash2
Listen! Jill {10/is singing}.
4We {18/have been waiting} for you since one o'clock.
1He {18/has been learning} French for three years.
-They {18/have been swimming} since 4 o'clock.
5She {18/has been lying} on the grass for three hours.
7The dog {18/has been sitting} by the fire since supper.
4What {24/have you been doing} while I have been out?
=She has a headache because she {18/has been typing} too long.
=My grandfather's clock {18/has been standing} here for longer
than I can remember.
+How long {24/have you been learning} Latin?
2How long {24/has he been teaching} in that school?
learn
do (you)
stand
learn (you)
teach (he) Present Perfect Continuous Tense
@Budowa@#Forming#:
_ I have
_ you have
_ he has been doing _ she has
_ ...
=@Uzupe
nij zdania u
c czasu Present Perfect Continuous.@M#Complete the sentence with the Present Perfect Continuous form of the verb.#
7@Uzupe
nij zdania w czasie Present Perfect Continuous.@
#Complete the sentence.#
wait2
3We {17/have been waiting} for you for half an hour.
he {8/tries}
she {8/lies}
he {8/lays}
he {8/studies}
he {8/buys}
she {8/may}
he {8/ought} to
he {8/must}
it {8/can}
it {8/flies}
study
ought to
Simple Present Tense
@:Dodajemy `s' lub `es' (z wyj
tkiem czasownik
w modalnych),
`y' zamieniamy na `ies'.
#@We add `s' or `es' (except modals) and we replace `y' by `ies'.#
?@Napisz trzeci
osob
liczby pojedynczej od danego czasownika.@4#Write the third person singular form of this verb.#
*@Napisz trzeci
osob
liczby pojedynczej.@'#Write the third person singular form.#
carry2
he {7/carries}
@Ann and I {10/are doing} something different this summer. We are
@at a learning centre. People {10/come} here to learn English. We
:{10/get} up at 8 and {10/have} lessons from 9 to half past
Btwelve. We {10/have} lunch at one and then there are more lessons.
;It is hard work but I {10/like} it here. We {10/are having}
Ba wonderful time. It is evening now and we {12/are sitting} out on
Lthe grass. Most of us {10/are doing} homework but I {10/am writing} letters.
_ Love, Julia.
write%Present Tense - Continuous and Simple
@ Czynno
9codzienna, cz
sta, powtarzaj
ca si
yj Simple Present>bie
ca (teraz) - u
yj Present Continuous@
#<Every day, often, each Sunday - use the Simple Present tenseANow - use the Present Continuous tense#
?@Uzupe
nij tekst u
ciwej formy podanego czasownika.@>#Complete the text using the correct form of the given verbs.#
6@Uzupe
nij tekst u
ciwej formy czasownika.@=#Complete the text. Use the correct form of the given verbs.#
spend2
-I {11/am spending} summer in Spain this year.
It never {5/rains} there.
"I was bored {6/during} the lesson.
during
while
/I wrote a lot of letters {6/during} my holiday.
during
while
1I read a lot of books {6/while} I was on holiday.
during
while
-Somebody broke a window {6/during} the night.
during
while
1Somebody broke a window {6/while} we were asleep.
during
while
0She went to sleep {6/while} she was watching TV.
during
while
'She learnt a lot {6/during} the course.
during
while
&She went to sleep {6/during} the film.
during
while
(They talked {6/while} they were dancing.
during
while
#Mary phoned {6/while} you were out.
during
while
Prepositions
2_while + #verb#@czasownik@: while I was on holiday.during + #noun#@rzeczownik@: during my holiday
+@Uzupe
nij zdania.@#Complete the sentence.#
+@Uzupe
nij zdania.@#Complete the sentence.#
#He worked very little {6} the term.
during
while
%Put on {5/your} coat when you go out.
@Tom and Sally live in England but {5/their} son lives in France.
Thank you for {5/your} letter.
-We will see all {5/our} friends at the party.
-John is a doctor and {5/his} wife is a nurse.
5I gave Mary the ticket and she put it in {5/her} bag.
4This car is small but {5/its} seats are comfortable.
.I like skiing. This is {5/my} favourite sport.
2Jane and {5/her} husband are coming to us tonight.
3Do you know Mr Jones? {5/His} wife works in a bank.
their
Pronouns
I - my
you - your he - his she - her it - its we - our
you - your
they- their
,@Uzupe
nij zdania u
c jednego ze s
w:@.#Complete the sentence with one of the words:#
,@Uzupe
nij zdania u
c jednego ze s
w:@.#Complete the sentence with one of the words:#
He put on {3/his} hat.
Emma has got {8} friends.
much
a lot of
little
I haven't got {8} money.
much
a lot of
little
I have got {8} money.
some
a lot of
little
She spent {8} time studying.
much
a lot of
little
{8} people agree with him.
Much
A lot of
Little
Do {8} people agree with him?
much
a lot of
little
#She didn't spend {8} time studying.
much
a lot of
little
!They didn't ask me {8} questions.
much
a lot of
little
There is {8} food in the fridge.
much
a lot of
little
(There are {8} old buildings in the town.
much
a lot of
little
Quantifiers
@81) Wyra
enia `much', `a lot of', `little' i `a little'-stosuje si
do rzeczownik
w niepoliczalnych.@
#I1) We use `much', `a lot of', `little/a little' with uncountable nouns.#
8_@ little = ma
o a little = troch
@A_# little = nearly nothing/no a little = some but not much#
@02) Wyra
enia `many', `a lot of', `few' i `a few'7stosuje si
do rzeczownik
w policzalnych w l. mnogiej.@
#J2) We use `many', `a lot of', `few/a few' with countable (plural) nouns.#
9_@ few = ma
o, niewiele a few = kilku, par
@?_# few = nearly no a few = some but not many#
K@Wybierz wszystkie poprawne odpowiedzi (spacj
i kursorami, potem Enter). @D#Choose all proper answers. Use [Space] and [Arrows], then [Enter].#
%@Wybierz wszystkie dobre odpowiedzi.@
#Choose all proper answers.#
I've got {8} friends.
little
I'm writing.
)What {25/are you writing?/are you doing?}
I don't like Tom.
Why {25/don't you like Tom?}
They will be here.
When {25/will they be here?}
We live in Oxford?
Where {25/do you live?}
I broke my arm.
How {40/did you break your arm?}
I went to bed early.
!What time {25/did you go to bed?}
I visit my mother regularly.
(How often {40/do you visit your mother?}
We spent a lot of money.
"How much money {25/did you spend?}
They are going to stay here.
*How long {40/are they going to stay here?}
I like beer.
#What kind of beer {25/do you like?}
Questions
Zmieniamy porz
dek s
w.,Stawiamy czasownik posi
kowy przed podmiot.@
We change the word order..We put the auxiliary verb before the subject.#
_ Do you live in a city?
_ Are you ready?
_ Did you arrive on time?
!@Zadaj pytania.@#Ask a question.#
!@Zadaj pytania.@#Ask a question.#
We need some money.
_ How much money {12/do you need?}
Do you know {4/who} did it?
(I'll try to do the best {4//that} I can.
4Tell us {5/what} you want and we'll try to help you.
*I agree with everything {4//that} he said.
'I agree with {4/what} he has just said.
1She is the only woman {4/who/that}understands me.
?Why do you always blame her for everything {4/that} goes wrong?
Did you hear {4/what} I said?
8I wasn't interested in {4/what} they were talking about.
DI wasn't interested in the things {4//that} they were talking about.
&He is the man {4/who} lives next door.
Relative clauses
@#Nie mo
na opu
`that' ani `who',!je
eli wyst
w roli podmiotu.
%Nie mo
`that' zamiast `what'.
_ `what' = to, co...@
#.Remember: You cannot leave out `that' or `who'
when it is a subject.
(You cannot use `what' instead of `that'.$_ `what' = the thing(s) that....#
@Przyk
ady:@#Examples:#
._ I gave him all the money (that) I had.)_ I'll tell everybody what she did.
0@Uzupe
nij zdania tam, gdzie jest to konieczne.@>#Complete the sentence if necessary; otherwise press [Enter].#
0@Uzupe
nij zdania tam, gdzie jest to konieczne.@%#Complete the sentence if necessary.#
Do you know {4/what} happened?
"I've lost my passport."
+He said that {30/he had lost his passport.}
"I haven't been to Paris."
JShe told me that {30/she had not been to Paris./she hadn't been to Paris.}
"I've got a lot of money."
CHe said that {30/he had got a lot of money./he had a lot of money.}
"I can drive a car."
)She said that {30/she could drive a car.}
"I was in London yesterday."
<He told me that {30/he had been in London} the previous day.
"I didn't see him yesterday."
KShe said that {30/she had not seen him/she hadn't seen him} the day before.
"I will go home soon."
*She said that {30/she would go home soon.}
"I cannot sleep well."
HShe told me that {40/she could not sleep well./she couldn't sleep well.}
"You should hurry up."
$He said that I {30/should hurry up.}
"I didn't do it."
8He said that {30/he had not done it./he hadn't done it.}
Reported Speech
-@W mowie zale
nej czasy powinny si
zgadza
:@-#In reported speech the tenses should agree:#
_ "I am stupid"?_ `He said' - @jest w Simple Past@#this is in the Simple Past#>@i ten sam czas powinien by
yty w pozosta
ej cz
ci zdania@;#the same tense should be used in the rest of the sentence# _ `He said that he was stupid.'
_ "I was stupid"0_ `He said' - @to Simple Past@#is Simple Past#>@czynno
jest w dalszej przesz
ci i w drugiej cz
ci zdaniaDzmieniamy czas o jeden krok w stron
przesz
ci czyli w tym wypadku
na Past Perfect:@:#the action is in the past and in the rest of the sentence8we change one step into past which is the Past Perfect:#
%_ `He said that he had been stupid.'
@Uzupe
nij zdania.@
#Complete the sentence.#
@Uzupe
nij zdania.@
#Complete the sentence.#
"I've just returned."
_'He said that {22/he had just returned.}
HAt 7.07 pm Peter Parker {16/was cycling} south along Oxford Road. At the
Kcorner of West Avenue a red van {16/did not stop/didn't stop} at the `STOP'
Fsign. As it {16/was turning/turned} into Oxford Road it {16/hit} Peter
)Parker and {16/knocked} him off his bike.
:The bike {16/was} damaged but he {16/was not/wasn't} hurt.
EThe lorry driver {16/reported} the accident. He {16/had been driving}
Dfor ten years and he {16/had not had/hadn't had} an accident before.
cycle
stop (not)
knock
be (not)
report
drive
have (not)7Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect (Continuous)
=@Simple Past stosujemy gdy podana jest chwila w przesz
ci.@=#The Simple Past is used when we specify the time of action.#
%_ (I went to the cinema yesterday.)
@>Past Perfect stosujemy gdy opowiadaj
c o wydarzeniach w czasieASimple Past opisujemy co
co zasz
o wcze
niej (w stosunku do tych
wydarze
#BThe Past Perfect is used when in the story told in the Simple Past<we describe something that happened before (in the past from!the point of view of the story).#
I@Present Perfect Continuous stosujemy dla czynno
ci, kt
re rozpocz
w przesz
ci i trwaj
.@A#The Present Perfect Continuous is used for actions that began at5a certain instant in the past and they continue now.#
0_ (I have been learning English for 4 years.)
,@Uzupe
nij tekst w
form
czasownika.@6#Complete the text with the correct form of the verb.#
,@Uzupe
nij tekst w
form
czasownika.@7#Complete the text with the correct form of the verb. #
(.txt)