mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلWelcome to openSUSE 11.2
Use this menu to select the desired function. If you have problems navigating in this help system, press F1 to enter the helpالوصف of the help system. The main functions in this menu are:
harddiskتشغيل من القرص الصلب: This selection will not do anything to the system. It only starts a previously installed operating system.
linuxالتثبيت: This installation mode works on most machines. If you experience a system freeze during boot or problems with detection of your hardware components, such as disk controllers or network cards, try one of the following installation options.
noacpiتثبيت--ACPI معطلة: Many of the currently-sold computers have incomplete or faulty ACPI implementations. This selection disables ACPI support in the kernel, but still enables many performance features, like DMA for IDE hard disks.
nolapicتثبيت--APIC المحلي معطَّل: If the normal installation fails, this might be due to the system hardware not supporting local APIC. If this seems to be the case, use this option to install without local APIC support.
failsafeتثبيت--إعدادات آمنة: If you were not successful with التثبيت, this selection might solve the issue.
rescueنظام الإنقاذ: This boot image starts a small Linux system in RAM. This is useful if the system does not start properly. After booting this system, log in as root.
firmwareاختبار البرنامج الثابت: Runs a BIOS test tool that validates ACPI and other parts of your BIOS.
memtestاختبار الذاكرة: Memory testing is useful for more than checking installation of new memory modules. It is a stress test for a big part of your computer system and may indicate hardware problems.
optخيارات التشغيل: The boot options may change the behavior of your system completely. They are settings for the kernel.
helpF1 Help: This is context sensitive. It will show different screens depending on the active element of the boot screen. There is also a description of this help system available.
keytableF2: Set language and keyboard mapping used by the boot loader.
videomodeF3 Video Mode: Here, choose between different screen resolutions while installing. If you encounter problems with the graphical installation, the وضع النص may be a work-around for you.
install_srcF4 Installation Source: Choose the installation source.
driverupdateF6 Driver Update: For very new machines, a driver update may be needed to install the system.bitsتحديد نوع البرنامجYou have the choice to install the 32-bit or 64-bit version of openSUSE 11.2.الرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلdriverupdateتحديث برنامج التشغيلIf you need a driver update floppy or CD-ROM, press F6. The boot loader asks you to insert the driver update medium after loading the Linux kernel.
A driver update is typically a floppy with new versions of hardware drivers or bug fixes needed during installation.الرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلfailsafeتثبيت--إعدادات آمنةSelect تثبيت--إعدادات آمنة if you encounter hangs while installing or irreproducible errors. This option disables DMA for IDE drives and all power management features. See also the kernel options for o_apmapm, o_acpiacpi and o_ideide.الرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلfirmwareاختبار البرنامج الثابتStarts a BIOS checker that validates the ACPI tables and many other parts of your BIOS. Test results can be stored on usb disk or saved via network.الرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلharddiskتشغيل من القرص الصلبSelect تشغيل نظام التشغيل المثبَّت to start the system installed on your local hard disk. This system must be installed properly, because only the MBR (Master Boot Record) on the first hard disk is started. The device ID of the first hard disk is provided by the BIOS of the computer.
Use this if you forgot to remove the CD or DVD from your drive and want to start the computer from the hard disk.الرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلhelpاستخدام نظام التعليماتThe boot loader online help is context sensitive. It gives information about the selected menu item or, if you are editing boot options, it tries to look up information about the option in which the cursor is positioned.
Navigation Keys
• سهم لأعلى: highlight previous link • سهم لأسفل: highlight next link • سهم لليسار, مسافة للخلف: return to previous topic • سهم لليمين, مفتاح الإدخال, مسافة: follow link • Page Up: scroll up one page • Page Down: scroll down one page • المنزل: go to page start • End: go to page end • خروج: leave helpالرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلinstall_srcمصدر التثبيتPress F4 to choose an installation source.
This is the same as using the o_installتثبيت boot option.الرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلkeytableتحديد اللغة وتخطيط لوحة المفاتيحPress F2 to change language and keyboard layout the boot loader uses.الرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلlinuxالتثبيتSelect التثبيت to start the default installation. The optخيارات التشغيل entered are used in the start-up. This item activates many features of commonly available hardware.الرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلmemtestاختبار الذاكرةThe included اختبار الذاكرة provides good possibilities to stress test the hardware of a system. Its main purpose is to detect broken RAM, but it also stresses many other parts of the system.
There is no guarantee that the memory is good if no errors are found, although most of memory defects will be found.الرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلnoacpiتثبيت--ACPI معطلةCurrent hardware usually requires ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) to control the interrupt handling. ACPI completely replaces the old APM system.
Select تثبيت--ACPI معطلة if you encounter problems during boot of the kernel. Known problems with machines that have problems with ACPI are:
ΓÇó kernel freezes when booting ΓÇó PCI Cards are not detected or initialized properly
You may also try the firmwareاختبار البرنامج الثابت boot option and look at the test results of the ACPI validation.الرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلnolapicتثبيت--APIC المحلي معطَّلNormally there are no problems with the APIC (Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller). But if you seem to have some, try this option to boot without local APIC support.
Please don't confuse this with noacpiACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface).الرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلoptخيارات التشغيلThere are two types of boot options available. First, there are options that affect the installer. Second, there are kernel options. Some of the more common options are:
a) installer options
• o_installتثبيت -- select an installation source • networkخيارات الشبكة -- the network options • o_vncخيارات vnc -- options for installation via VNC
b) kernel options
• o_splashشاشة بداية التشغيل -- influence the behavior of the splash screen • o_apmapm -- toggle power management • o_acpiacpi -- advanced configuration and power interface • o_ideide -- control the IDE subsystemالرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلo_hostipo_netmasko_gatewaynetworkخيارات المثبِّت: خيارات الشبكةIt is possible to configure the network interface right now. The hardware will be detected later by YaST2. The minimum set of options to configure your network card consists of host IP and netmask. For example:
ΓÇó hostip=192.168.0.10 netmask=255.255.255.0
or in a shorter form:
ΓÇó hostip=192.168.0.10/24
If you specified a o_installتثبيت مستند إلى الشبكة and do not specify both of these options, the installer tries to configure the network interface with dhcp. If you need a default gateway, specify this with the option البوابة. For example:
• gateway=192.168.0.8الرجوع إلى optخيارات التشغيلo_acpiخيارات Kernel: acpiACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) is a standard that defines power and configuration management interfaces between an operating system and the BIOS. By default, acpi is switched on when a BIOS is detected that is newer than from year 2000. There are several commonly used parameters to control the behavior of ACPI:
ΓÇó pci=noacpi -- do not use ACPI to route PCI interrupts ΓÇó acpi=oldboot -- only the parts of ACPI that are relevant for booting remain activated ΓÇó acpi=off -- switch off ACPI completely ΓÇó acpi=force -- switch on ACPI even if your BIOS is dated before 2000
Especially on new computers, it replaces the old o_apmapm system.الرجوع إلى optخيارات التشغيلo_apmخيارات Kernel: apmAPM is one of the two power management strategies used on current computers. It is mainly used with laptops for functions like suspend to disk, but it may also be responsible for switching off the computer after power down. APM relies on a correct working BIOS. If the BIOS is broken, APM may have only limited use or even prevent the computer from working. Therefore, it may be switched off with the parameter
ΓÇó apm=off -- switch off APM completely
Some very new computers may take more advantage from the newer o_acpiACPI.الرجوع إلى optخيارات التشغيلo_ideخيارات Kernel: ideIDE is, unlike SCSI, commonly used in most desktop workstations. To circumvent some hardware problems that occur with IDE systems, use the kernel parameter:
• ide=nodma -- switch off DMA for IDE drivesالرجوع إلى optخيارات التشغيلo_installخيارات المثبِّت: تثبيتBy default, the local CD-ROMs are searched for the installation source. For a network install, select the تثبيت option. Possible installation protocols are
ΓÇó FTP ΓÇó NFS ΓÇó HTTP
The syntax to use is just like standard URLs. For example, if your server is found at 192.168.0.1 and you want to do an NFS-based install from the directory /install on this server, specify the source as follows:
ΓÇó install=nfs://192.168.0.1/install
The network card will either be configured with dhcp or you must specify the parameters yourself as described in the networkخيارات الشبكة.الرجوع إلى optخيارات التشغيلo_splashخيارات Kernel: شاشة بداية التشغيلThe splash screen is the picture shown during system start-up.
• splash=0 -- The splash screen is switched off. This may be useful with very old monitors or if some error occurs. • splash=verbose -- Activates splash, kernel and boot messages are still shown. • splash=silent -- Activates splash, but no messages. Instead a progress bar is drawn.الرجوع إلى optخيارات التشغيلo_vncpasswordo_vncخيارات المثبِّت: vncTo enable the VNC installation, specify the parameters vnc and vncpassword:
ΓÇó vnc=1 vncpassword=example
The VNC server will be started and you may control YaST2 over any VNC client from a remote system.الرجوع إلى optخيارات التشغيلrescueنظام الإنقاذThe نظام الإنقاذ is a small RAM disk base system. From there, it is possible to make all kinds of changes to an installed system. Because only low-level tools are available in this system, it is intended for experts.الرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيلvideomodeتحديد وضع الفيديوPress F3 to get the list of video modes your graphics card supports. The highest mode your monitor can display is preselected.
It is possible that your monitor cannot be detected automatically. In that case, select your preferred mode manually.
If your system has problems with the graphics card during the installation, the وضع النص may be a usable work-around.الرجوع إلى mainتعليمات أداة تحميل التشغيل
