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- In many respects Britain is different from its European neighbours. Take
- driving on the left, for example, or playing cricket. One reason for
- this may be that Britain is an island and has not been invaded since
- 1066, the year when the Normans arrived from France. That does not mean
- that nobody has tried since then.
- In 1588 the Spanish Armada, a fleet sent by King Philip II of Spain,
- around 1810 Napoleon and in 1940 Hitler: they all tried to invade Bri-
- tain - but without success. Many people remember these dates proudly,
- especially 1588. And in connection with this date they think of Sir
- Francis Drake as the hero who defeated the Armada. - However, histori-
- cally this is not the whole story. There were other reasons why the Spa-
- nish were defeated:
- The Spanish ships were big and slow. The smaller English ships were able
- to attack and to get away quickly before the Spanish ships could catch
- them. A strong north-west wind helped the English. The Armada couldn't
- get out to the open sea. The Spanish ships couldn't sail south, back to
- Spain. The English ships were in their way. Heavy storms later sank many
- of the Spanish ships which escaped round the north of Scotland.