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- RESIDENT PROGRAM AND MEMORY CONFIGURATION
-
- This file explains how the "Resident program and memory" configuration check
- works and how to best use this new feature.
-
- IM checks your PC to see if anything has changed the low-level memory resident
- programs that provide access to your hardware. This allows IM to detect memory
- resident viruses unknown to its scanner component without booting from a
- floppy. It also provides you a warning if the configuration of your PC has
- changed.
-
- You can invoke the configuration check by using the "Resident program and
- memory" or "Entire disk integrity" options on the Check menu or with the /CM
- command line switch. IM will return an ERRORLEVEL of 24 if it finds memory
- changes that resemble those a virus would make or an ERRORLEVEL of 16 if the
- changes are significant but not likely to be due to a virus.
-
- You can use the command line /MS# option (or SetupIM) to vary the sensitivity
- of IM to resident program configuration changes. The sensitivity can be set
- from 0 to 9. 0 turns the check off, and 9 provides maximum sensitivity to
- changes. 4 is the default (and recommended) setting. 9 is useful for for
- researchers and on systems where there should be no software changes at all.
-
-
- WHAT TO DO IF IM FINDS A CONFIGURATION CHANGE
- ---------------------------------------------
- After each check IM provides a display of what has changed. IF THERE IS A
- SIGN OF A CONFIGURATION CHANGE WHICH COULD BE DUE TO A VIRUS OR WHICH COULD
- AFFECT THE SECURE OPERATION OF YOUR PC, IM WILL ALERT YOU. Here's
- what you should do:
-
- 1) Boot from a clean write protected diskette containing IM.EXE and IM.PRM.
-
- 2) Run a full (not quick update) check on your disk. A virus would be
- indicated by change to a boot sector or changes to your executable
- files.
-
- 3) If there is no sign of a virus, then the change is probably normal
- and you can "Initialize" (IM /IM) to record the current configuration.
- You may wish to determine exactly what has changed, though. See
- the list under NORMAL CHANGES below.
-
- 4) If your environment frequently changes, you may wish to decrease
- IM's sensitivity to detecting these changes. The sensitivity level
- is normally set to 4 (/MS4). You can use the SetupIM "advanced
- option" menu or the /MS command line parameter to do this (e.g.
- "/MS3" will set the sensitivity to 3).
-
-
- NORMAL CHANGES
- --------------
-
- Here is a list of changes in your configuration that will be detected
- as memory and/or interrupt changes:
-
- o Installing a new version of an operating system (e.g., DOS, OS/2,
- Windows, or Network).
-
- o Installing a new device driver (e.g. a DEVICE= statement in your
- CONFIG.SYS file)
-
- o Installing new memory resident (TSR) software.
-
- o Installing a new memory manager or changing the settings that control
- your memory manager (in other words changing what gets loaded in
- high or upper memory).
-
- o Changing your cache or print spooler
-
- o If your PC is running as a network server, there will be a difference
- depending upon the state of the server (e.g., starting, stopping,
- suspending, etc.).
-
- o Changing the DOS session settings under Windows or OS/2. (Under
- Windows or OS/2, you can change settings for DOS sessions such as
- amount of extended memory, display handling, mouse, file handles,
- etc.)
-
-
- DETAILS OF IM'S CONFIGURATION CHANGE DISPLAY
- --------------------------------------------
-
- IM provides a detailed display of what has changed in your PCs configuration.
- It is NOT necessary to understand these changes, since IM will alert you if
- these changes require any action. For the more technically inclined users
- here is what IM displays:
-
- DOS version - This shows the release of DOS running currently and
- the version which was running when IM last recorded
- (initialized) configuration data for your PC. A DOS
- version 10 or 20 indicates OS/2. (Note that Win95
- still runs on a base DOS system.)
-
- Windows Version - If Windows is active when IM is running the version
- will be displayed here. Win95 reports itself as
- version 4 and Windows NT as 3.5.
-
- Available CPU Speed - This value is a measure of how many typical 80x86
- instructions IM can execute in 1/9 of a second. This
- value will vary if your real time clock is unstable or
- if there are other programs executing at the same time
- Variation in this value is normal under Windows, OS/2
- and other multitasking operating systems. This value
- value varies from 3 for a 8mhz PC/XT, 66 for a 386/33
- to 800 for a Pentium/230.
-
- Program Load Address - This is the address in DOS memory where your programs
- are loaded for execution. An increase in this address
- means something has grown or something new is
- occupying your low memory. You can use your memory
- manager to reduce this value by loading programs into
- upper memory.
-
- Maximum DOS memory - This is the total amount of conventional DOS memory
- available on your PC. It's usually 655,360 bytes but
- some PCs load a driver into this memory. Most boot
- sector viruses will reduce this value.
-
- Unallocated DOS memory - This shows how much conventional memory is available
- in the first 1mb. Any new resident software (e.g. a
- resident virus) will reduce this value.
-
- Resident programs changed for these interrupts:
-
- IM displays a list of interrupt numbers which have
- software that has changed. Interrupts are a low-level
- way to access your hardware or provide basic function
- for your PC. Memory resident viruses or installing
- new hardware, drivers or operating systems, will
- change the software associated with the interrupts.
- IM traces the actual interrupt code to determine
- what has changed and will occasionally report
- an interrupt number (especially Int 13h, the
- low-level disk interrupt) a number of times on
- the list when their are multiple programs that
- service the interrupt.
-
- Note that the multiplex interrupt (2F) will be
- different depending upon how you launch a
- program under Win 95. IM takes this difference
- into account when analyzing the changes.
-
-
-
- USE UNDER WINDOWS AND OS/2
- --------------------------
-
- If you run IM in a DOS session (virtual DOS machine) under Windows or OS/2, you
- will see changes if you modify the DOS session settings. This essentially
- changes the resident software which will be detected by IM. Keep your settings
- consistent to avoid confusion.
-
- You will also see variation in the CPU speed reported by IM. This is due
- to two factors:
-
- 1) Since other tasks execute in the background, these tasks will steal
- CPU power from IM.
-
- 2) The timer is less consistent under Windows than DOS so IM.
-
- 3) The memory load address of IM or part of the system has changed. This
- will change the CPU cache hits and misses and can change reported speed
- by up to 90 percent.
-
-
- HANDLING MULTIPLE CONFIGURATIONS (OR MULTI-BOOT)
- ------------------------------------------------
-
- IF YOU CHANGE ANY BASIC SOFTWARE (E.G., DRIVERS, TSRS, CACHES, MEMORY
- MANAGERS, ETC.) IM WILL RECOGNIZE THIS AS A SERIOUS CHANGE. For this reason,
- it's important to compare within a fixed configuration.
-
- IM provides support for multiple operating systems on your PC. IM stores the
- configuration of your PC in a different file for each operating system.
-
- IM uses a file name of MEMD.SRL (for DOS), MEMW.SRL (Win 3.x), MEM9.SRL
- (Win95), or MEMO.SRL (OS/2). If you are running a network, the 3rd
- character of the filename becomes an "N" (e.g, MEND.SRL). This allows
- you to run resident program checks under different PC configurations.
-
- ╔═══════════╤═════════════╤════════════╗
- ║ DOS only │ Windows 3.x │ Windows 95 ║
- ╔═══════════════════════╬═══════════╪═════════════╪════════════╣
- ║Without network active:║ MEMD.SRL │ MEMW.SRL │ MEM9.SRL ║
- ╟───────────────────────╫───────────┼─────────────┼────────────╢
- ║With network active: ║ MEND.SRL │ MENW.SRL │ MEN9.SRL ║
- ╚═══════════════════════╩═══════════╧═════════════╧════════════╝
-
- What this means is that if the only change you make to your configuration
- is to switch between running DOS, Windows or a network, IM will handle
- this automatically. If you make changes beyond this and wish to run
- a configuration check in each one you will need to use the /MF=
- command line parameter IM provides the /MF=filename command line
- parameter so that you can store multiple memory configuration files in
- your home directory. To do this, you will use a different filename with
- /MF= in each unique configuration.
-
-
-