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DIET version 1.44 ------ by Teddy Matsumoto --------- ******************************************* 1.0. OVERVIEW. DIET.EXE reduces the disk-storage space that executable and data files need WITHOUT giving up immediate access to such files. DIET is a Freeware Program. (a) When DIET compresses an EXECUTABLE file (.EXE or .COM), it adds a header that automatically expands the file when it is executed. (b) DIET reduces the size of the average .EXE & .COM files by 40%. (c) Self-expansion of DIETed .EXE & .COM files is so fast that it is difficult to measure the change in the speed of file execution. You certainly won't notice any change. (d) The self-expanding feature of DIET is similar to PKLITE or LZEXE, but DIET also lets you compress overlay files, which PKLITE and LZEXE cannot do. What makes DIET unique is its ability to compress DATA Files and to automatically expand them when you call them into an editor to read or change them. (a) To use that feature, you must load DIET as a TSR file. (b) DIET reduces the size of an average Data File by 2/3rd. (c) DIET's automatic expansion of Data Files adds a little time (about 3 sec. when loading a 100k byte unDIETed text file into an editor). But that is a small price for the benefit of being able to keep infrequently-used Data Files on your Hard Disk, instead of storing them on floppies. And you can optionally set up DIET so that it will recompress Data Files when you exit your Editor. This document is the USER'S GUIDE for DIET v.1.44. To learn about DIET's internals and changes from version to version, see DIETAPI.DOC and DIETTECH.DOC That much more technical document is of no importance to the average USER of DIET, but is available for programmers and the curious. DIETTECH.DOC is not included in this package, since complete approved documentation in English is not prepared yet. 2.0. A QUICK INTRODUCTION TO DIET CAN DO. Familiar filenames of DOS are of three types, roughly speaking. Executable Files with Extensions .COM or .EXE. Device Drivers with Extensions .SYS or .DRV and other Data files with various extensions as .DAT,.DOC,.TXT etc. DIET compresses Executables and Drivers to files of the same nature so that you can execute or call from CONFIG.SYS as Device Drivers as they were. Let me call these files of type Self-eXtracting. You can DIET other data files too, but you can not use them unless you decompress by DIET manually or by TSR DIET auto- matically. Let me call these files as Data type. To compress your files on the current directory, you just type: DIET filename or with wildcard: DIET *.* There are some options in DIET, but without any otption, Diet compress executables and drivers into SFX type and other files into Data type. To see the effect of compression type: DIET -l. You will see all the files in your current directory with those compressed filenames in reverse color. To restore your files, type DIET -r. You will note some of the files are left DIETED. They are SFX type files. Try some command to assure you that an exectable file works as you type the command from the compressed size, hence the name Self-eXtracting. An application package consists of executables and data files which are called and used by executables. The simplest use of DIET is, you compress only executables and let data files stay as they are. You can do this by 'DIET *.*' ,'DIET -r '. 2.1 DIET in Terminate and Stay Resident Mode. We assume you're displaying this file on your console, using the DOS MORE command, Vernon Buerg's LIST.COM, or your favorite Editor. Try the following: (a) Return to DOS. (b) Execute: DIET DIET144.DOC That will compress this file. If you now try view the file with MORE, or read it with LIST or your favorite editor, you'll get garbage. (c) Now Execute: DIET -Z That will load DIET as a TSR, which allows you to display DIET144.DOC with MORE, LIST, or your Editor. (d) Remove the DIET TSR by executing: DIET -ZR (e) Finally, unDIET DIET144.DOC by executing: DIET -RA DIET144.DOC 3.0. DIET's BASIC OPTIONS: The basic DIET command structure is: DIET [options] [file_names]. (You may use either '-' or '/' as the option-prefix) (Wildcards are OK in filenames) Multiple options need a space between them, e.g: DIET -Z -P -TD:\tmp Options are classified into two categories: Basic options to specify DIET functions, Auxiliary otpions to control basic options. Summary of Options. Main and auxiliarly options are tabulated below. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Option Function Control Optons available. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Nothing Compression -X,-XC,-G,-D,-B,-K,-I,-A -Oxxxxx. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -R,-RA Restore -Oxxxxx. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -Cxxxxx Copy with -R,-RA,-A compress/decompress ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -L display compressed file. -H CRC check of compressed file. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -! Validation Check of DIET. -? Display Help Screen. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -Z[n] DIET stay on memory -P,-W,-N,-M state of on memory DIET -S,-Txxxxxx ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -ZD disable TSR DIET -ZA activate TSR DIET -ZR remove TSR DIET from memory. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -$ manually compress in automatic mode ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3.2. File Compression/Decompression When Diet is executed without a basic option but with a filename, the named file will be compressed. DIET [auxiliary option] filename [filename(s)]. You can name options: -X Compress as SFX type. -XC Compress a .COM file as SFX .COM file. If you don't specify -XC, you will get an .EXE file out of COM file. -G A large SFX header is created on the top so that you may get a Greater speed of decompression -D Compress into Data type. -B DIET compares size in Byte count. -K DIET compresses files upon termination, not while in execution. -I Ignore warning "may be overlay files!" -Oxxxx Specify file name or path name of Output. -A Attribute is readonly. No Option .EXE files and .COM files into SFX type. .SYS files are not compressed. Other extensions are compressed as DATA type. You may specify Data types with Options -D and -X,see below. -X As a default, DIET recognizes as device drivers all files with the extensions "SYS" or "DRV" and does NOT compress them. If you want to DIET a Device Driver, you must make it self-extracting (because you won't have DIET in memory as a TSR until you load it as a TSR in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file). You can force DIET to add a self-extracting header to any file by using the -T option. But see also option -I, above. -X tells DIET to add a self-extracting header regardless of filetype extension. Primary use is to compress Device Drivers (e.g., ????.SYS or ????.DRV) so that their DIETed versions can be included in the CONFIG.SYS files. In the CONFIG.SYS file, you must o -D DIET compress every file as a data type, .COM and .EXE files, too. If you have DIET on TSR mode, DIET will extract original files and will run them. What's the benefit you can get? First you can compress a file to be loaded high in memory. e.g., ADDDRV.exe, which flags for -I options usually, and which you can't run even if you succeed with -I option. There are files with many overlays which normally require extra memories to load. You can normally load such files by compressing overlays as data files. This is a minor point, but you may save a little header space by compressing as data files. -G DIET adds a faster SFX header, some 100 bytes extra, to DIETed files. You can get faster decompression by this option. If 100 extra bytes would not change the DIETed file size, you had better compress with this option. -XC DIET compresses a xxxx.COM file into xxxx.EXE file. This is to make executables to have more robust structure, since SFX header is attached to the top of the file. However, if you insist on the same name for unDIETed and DIETed, you may specify this switch to get .COM file out of .COM file. The size of DIETed .COM file is smaller than .EXE file, hence there is certin merit like being loadable into UMB. Do not put too much trust on this switch, because the behavior of such a .COM file may be unpredictable. -B MS-DOS manages files with cluster as a unit. For a High- Density 5.25" disk, 1 cluster consists of 1,024 bytes. Hence a file with size 10,300bytes and another with 11,000bytes occupy 11 clusters on a disk space. If DIET tried to compress the later and get the former, DIET aborts compression since the number of clusters are the same for compressed and uncompressed files. However, there are cases where you archive these files into a file with say TAR.exe or LHA.exe with no compress option. Then you have chances to get one or more clusters in size of the archive. DIET aborts compression when it meets a file of size less than a cluster. Specify -B option to let DIET compares the compressed size in Byte size. -K Kill temporary Files Only on Quitting Program. DIET's TSR opens a temporary file whenever it lets a program like an editor open a compressed file. That temporary file is erased when the program closes the file. Some programs open, close, and reopen files frequently, e.g. a Help Message file. That can be very time consuming. To avoid that, use the -K option -- then the temporary files will be erased ONLY when you quit the main program from which the DIETed files were expanded. You may watch -K option in action with editors calling child processes or with some communication software with overlay protocol files. An adversary effect of this option is that you have many temporary files on your temporary directory. Refer -N, and -$ options in autocompression mode. -I Ignore warnings. DIET ordinarily refuses to compress files with overlays when the size of the file in EXEHDR information is not the same as its actual size, or when the file is to be loaded in high memory like ADDDRV.exe. And DIET reports 'may be overlay file', or "to be loaded high". Since DIET can use compressed overlay files if operated in the TSR mode, the -I option tells DIET to ignore such warnings. Do NOT use the -I option if you use DIET in nonresident mode. Executable file with overlays as MS-WORKS will not behave properly if DIET is not active as TSR. I would recommend to use -D with -K option, for such files. However, you might be able to run DIETed file with -I option, since DIET suggests 'may be overlays'at the compression. You may try this option first if you prefer to use DIET non-TSR. Files to be loaded high as device drivers, flag for -I option. You may DIET them with -I option, but you may often lose their proper working area on High Memory Blocks. Again you had better use DIET as TSR and DIET them with -D option. -Oxxxx By default, DIET overwrites the files it compresses (or uncompresses). If you want to save the uncompressed (or compressed) file, use the -O option to put the changed file into another directory. To illustrate: Example 1. You are NOT logged into DRIVE A:. You want a compressed version of A:ALPHA.DAT in your default directory: DIET -O A:alpha.dat. Example 2. You want to compress ALPHA.DAT in your default directory and store the compressed file in directory C:\TMP DIET -OC:\tmp\ alpha.dat (note the positions of the spaces and back slashes!!) -A Set Read-Only Attribute. This is a safety measure for users who do not always keep DIET in memory as a TSR. If you were to call a DIETed file into your editor without DIET in memory, it is possible that your editor could lock up. To restart you'd have to reboot, and you could lose your DIETed data file. By using the -A option, you make any DIETed file Read-Only. Few users will need to use the -A option, but it's there for those who want to be extra safe. File Restoration or uncompression. General format is: DIET -[ R | RA ] [ Option ] Filename [Filename(s)] -R decompresses all named files that were compressed as DATA files (normally, all files that do NOT have EXE or COM extensions). -RA restores ALL named files, including files that when compressed received a self-extracting header (normally, the *.EXE & &.COM files). By the nature of Data types, you may have to compress/decompress frequently, while executables and device drivers are seldom needed to recompression. Especially when DIET is non-resident you have to restore many files using wild cards. Design of -R and -RA option is done to decrease the number of manual operations in non-TSR mode. 3.2 USING DIET FOR COPYING FILES COMPRESSED/DECOMPRESSED To copy files as Compressed, or be compressed, General format is: DIET -Cxxxx [option] filename [filename(s)] Available options are the same as with the case of compression. This function is similar to -Oxxxx, but difference lies in the fact that uncompressed files are compressed, already compressed files are copied as they are, and files DIET failed to compress are copied as they are. When DIET finds a file with the same name, DIET compares the Time Stamp and overwrite existing file if it older and abort if it is newer than the specified file. Recommended use of this function is to expand an application package on High Speed Device from your floppy disks, and to restore the package to the original storage with some of the files transacted. To copy files with decompression, the general format is: DIET -R -Cxxxx filename [ filename(s)] DIET -RA -Cxxxx filename [ filename(s)]. Specified files are expanded in the specified directory xxxx with unDIETed. You may copy and expand files in a low speed device like a floppy disk, to a highspeed device, as a ramdisk with this command. -C Copying DIETed files with DIET's TSR in memory takes extra time because DIETed files are automatically decompressed before copying and recompressed after copying. You can suppress that by using DIET with the -C option to copy files. The syntax is: DIET -C<destination> <FILENAMEs> Example 1. To copy all files (including compressed files) in the current directory of C:\ to Drive A: DIET -CA:\ C:\*.* Example 2. To copy compressed files in drive A: to Drive C:\ and simultaneously decompress them: DIET -RA -CC:\ A:\*.* (But see also DIETOFF Environment Variable, below) 3.3 USING DIET TO VIEW DIETED AND UNDIETED FILES. -L presents a directory listing for the default disk, with the DIETed files in reverse color. An "*" means the file has a self-extracting header, and a "#" means it is a compressed DATA files. Wildcard filenames are OK, e.g., DIET -L *.dat *.txt When you want to specify a directory, put an extra '\' at the end of the path name like: DIET -L c:\dos\ which is the same with DIET -L c:\dos\*.* with -L option. -! makes a self-check of DIET.EXE's internal integrity. -H checks the CRC for file integrity, and presents data about DIETed files, i.e., Original File Size and Type, & reports if the -K option was used. -J If you have DOS/V 5.0 from IBM Japan and can read Japanese, this options gives you data your disk's health status. If not, ignore this option. -? Display the list of options. 3.4. USING DIET AS A TSR FOR AUTOMATIC DECOMPRESSION. General syntax for making DIET Terminate and Stay Resident is: DIET -Z [options] DIET -Z0 [options] DIET -Z1 [options] DIET -Z2 [options]. Available options are: -P automatated recompression of DIETed file. -W automated compression of newly created file. -N disable automated [re]compressions. -M suppress messages in automated compression. -S display decompressed file size. -Txxxx specify temporary file directory. DIET -Z loads DIET into memory as a TSR. When there is a space in UMB, DIET first tries to stay there. Whenever XMS memory is availabel, DIET will load itself in extended memory with DOS 5.00. 'DIET -Z' is the same with 'DIET -Z1' DIET -Z[n] tells DIET how to use Expanded Memory, if present. -Z0 do not use Expanded Memory (same as -Z alone) -Z1 use Expanded Memory for DIET's temporary files. -Z2 use Expanded Memory for both DIET's temporary files and for most of DIET's resident code, too. If you have enough Expanded Memory, -Z2 uses only about 1.6k bytes of conventional memory. When DIET has already been resident, only the auxiliarly options have meaning. Z[n] does nothing to TSR DIET. Notes: If you compress COMMAND.COM or some overlay files, you must make DIET resident in memory. Regular users of DIET should include DIET -Z in their AUTOEXEC.BAT file. You can also load DIET as a Device Driver, e.g., DEVICE=DIET.EXE -Z2 -P -K That uses a few additional bytes of memory, but allows you to DIET Device Drivers (to save disk space). If you have large or many Device Drivers, that may be useful. -ZD disables DIET in memory, but leaves it loaded. -ZA restores DIET after -ZD has been used. -ZR removes DIET from memory. But don't do that if you loaded other TSR's after DIET. Note: DIET's TSR function may be disabled if you use ^C or ^Break while DIET is executing, or by certain interrupts. If DIET's TSR function disappears for an unknown cause, try DIET -ZA to restore it. -P DIET's default mode does not re-compress data files that are changed after being into loaded and manipulated by a program such as an Editor or a Spreadsheet. DIET\ \%-P enables automatic recompression. But whether or not DIET can automatically recompress such data file files depends on the internal workings of your Editor or other program. It does work with ???.WQ1 files in QUATTRO. It does not work for ???.DBF files in dBASE (in fact, dBASE -W will automatically DIET all newly-created files, including any temporary files that your programs may create. That can be useful but can also waste a lot of time. To assure this option does not become a nuisance, use the NODIET Environmental Variable to suppress DIETing of files like *.OBJ, *.LZH, etc. Or use -N otpion together, and later issue the command DIET -$ See the option -$. In the CONFIG.SYS file, you must of course give the driver's full name, e.g., DEVICE=?????.SYS). -M If you don't want DIET to give you a message about what it is doing to your file, suppress the message with -M -N With -P or -W options specified, DIET automatically compress newly created files and decompressed files opened with READ and Write mode. You are not aware of the time and types of these compressed files. By specying this option, you may restrain DIET from auto-compression and with -$ option, compress them later with the same time stamp as TSR DIET tried to compress them. With -P option SFX or Data type inherit those of the originals and with -W option, you may specify types by switches. -S Some application programs read in a specified amount of data from overlay files, and get confused if those overlays have been DIETed. By specifying the -S option when dieting such overlays, that confusion is avoided. -T In its default mode, DIET stores in the default directory certain temporary files that it creates and needs . If you use the Environment Variable TMP=???, DIET will attempt to store its temporary files in the directory that you've defined as ???. -T option overrides the TMP environmental variable. You may define the directory in AUTOEXEC.BAT by: DIET -Z2 -P -K -TD:\tmp1\ DO NOT FORGET THE LAST "\" IN THIS OPTION. I strongly recommend you to define temporary directory especially when you have a high speed device like a Ramdisk. USING DIET as a DEVICE DEIVER. DIET.exe is an executable program and is a device driver at the same time. You may load DIET as a DEVICE DRIVER in your config.sys as: DEVICE = DIET.EXE -Z [ options ] DEVICE = DIET.EXE -Z0 [ options ] DEVICE = DIET.EXE -Z1 [ options ] DEVICE = DIET.EXE -Z2 [ options ] or in your AUTOEXEC.BAT as: DIET.EXE -Z [ options ] DIET.EXE -Z0 [ options ] DIET.EXE -Z1 [ options ] DIET.EXE -Z2 [ options ] 3.5. Environment Variables. In DOS versions 3.xx or above, DIET uses the following environment variable strings, if they are present. You create them (usually from your AUTOEXEC.BAT file) as follows: SET NameOfEnvVar = data DIETOPT allows you to define the options you want to use as a default, e.g., SET DIETOPT=-D -K will use option -D and -K whenever a file is DIETed. Options you can set are: -J,-I,-D,-G,-K,-P,-W,-N,and -S. DIETOFF This is the unique variable TSR DIET refers. TSR DIET has versatile abilities which consequently has some adversary effect in use. Take copy command e.g., the command line entry 'copy file1 file2' first decompresses file1 to file2.tmp and then compresses it to file2. You may type 'DIET OFF' to disable DIET temporarily, which is time consuming. If you register COMMAND.COM among DIETOFF string, you can avoid this manual typing. For some programs you may prefer to disable DIET, e.g., to speed up file copying without having to use Option -C (see above). By including an environment string as below, you tell DIET's TSR not to do what it usually would do with DIETed files: SET DIETOFF=COMMAND.COM;FC.COM;DUMP.EXE;XCOPY.EXE;LHA.EXE You don't need to specify a Path for the files -- DIET is concerned only with the programs' names. NODIET You should suppress DIETing of some files, e.g., archives like *.LZH and *.ZIP, and temporary intermediate files created by some application programs. You can also tell DIET to ignore all files in specified directories -- if your NODIET string ends with a Directory name, be sure to append a "\". There is a limit of 10 NODIET entries. Example: SET NODIET=*.LZH;*.ZIP;*.OBJ;C:\TMP\;c:\c600\ will suppress DIETing of all *.LZH, *.ZIP, *.OBJ files, and of all files in director C:\TMP and C:\C600. TMP Define storage area for DIET's Temporary Files by putting into your AUTOEXEC.BAT a line like: SET TMP=E:y\DirName See also Option -T. NOTE: When you use DIET in resident mode, it creates and use TMP Define storage area for DIET uses temporary files with names such as __DIET__.??? Such files are automatically erased when DIET finishes its tasks, but if you boot your system or stop DIET's execution by Ctrl-Break, those files may remain on your disk. You may erase any such files. 4.0. Hints for Effective Use of DIET. Don't allow DIET to be memory-resident when using programs like SPEEDDSK, OPTIMIZE, DOG, or other HardDisk managers. Disable DIET by executing DIET -ZD when you use such programs!! In fact, you're always best off by clearing ALL TSRs before using such programs. 4.1. DIET in non-Resident Mode. There are no special things you have to remember when you use DIET. Register filenames you don't want to compress in NODIET variable to gain speed, *.LZH and *.ZIP must be in your list. Do not try to compress file with -I otption if DIET flag for overlays. You had better have a batch file such as APP.bat when APP.exe and APP.HLP are DIETED in you storage: " rem Auto-decompression and execution of APP.exe echo DO not forget to recompress APP.HLP diet -r APP.HLP APP ." When you have a high-speed device such as a RAMDISK, you had better copy your applications decompressing and run your program on RAMDISK. Suppose you have an application package in a Floppy Disk A:, and You have a sufficient space in your RAMDISK D:. DIET -R -CD: A:*.* Then after you quit running, you type: DIET -CA: D:*.* to copy all of your aplication program while compressing to A: as DIETing is carried on. New Data files and revised files will be stored on the diskette in the disk drive A:. Laptop Users, you are the target of this software. The file overwriting mode of DIET is designed for you to make most of your limited storage space. Try to leave a room for decompressed files, and design your own batch file to use the minimum amount of your files decompressed. 4.2. DIET in Resident Mode. Specify TMP environmental string always if you have a high-speed RAMDISK to decrease the number of disk accesses if available. You must, also, know that you have a sufficient space for the temporary files to be made by DIET. When you see a message like: "Can't find abc.exe" even though the file exists. This is usually the result of DIET being unable to find enough space in your temporary directory for its temporary files. Check your space if you see this message. DIETOPT variables will refrain DIET to make some adverary effects like copying after decompression and compressing after copying. Well, if you set DIETOPT=COMMAND.COM, they you can't type a DIETED file unless you put and SFX header to the date file. You must take a balance for yourself. Please make experiments on -P, -W and -K options, and choose the combination fit you best. A word processor ordinarily takes the raw file formatted into a form you like. And it makes auxiliary files for formatting or for controling your printer. Everytime you change a line or two wordprocessor must compress and decompress these files if you don't specify -K option. With this option set, these temporary formatting files are DIETed once for all. If you have a sufficient room for the temporary directory, you have to set -K all the time. If you don't have enough room, you have to choose carefully the filenames for which K option works. -P option is a must if you have DIET as TSR. With a suitable combination with -K option, you can always have compressed file automatically re-compressed. You will see there DIET on action. You will love to see it or you may suppress DIET messages with -M. Sometimes DIET start working when you call the program again, but this is not a BUG. Executable file in Overlay mode can be run if DIET is in TSR active. I would recommend -D option with -K, rather than -I. The state of DIET options can be seen by "DIET ON" command. Or you may use DOS MEM.exe or PMAP.exe by Chris Dunford as follows: PMAP /e --------------- pmap 2.03 Copyright (C) 1986-1990 by The Cove Software Group/C.J.Dunford Addr Program Parent Parameters Han Blks Size Vectors ---- ------- -------- --------------- --- ---- ------- ------- 1068 command command /e 1 2 3888 22 23 24 2E FF 13CC diet n/a diet a(p--n--)ver1.44 1 1 1744 21 active options insdie (......). --------------------------------------------------------------- When you have loaded DIET as a device driver, PMAP /v shows only the place and size. 4.3. Things to Avoid in TSR mode. As is described before, some program returns a message like: "Can't find abc.exe" even though the file exists. This is usually the result of DIET being unable to find enough space in your temporary directory for its temporary files. There are some files which is accessed not by its file-handle. DIET has been revised several times to enhance tracing ability of filenames in file open and close, however, in certain rare cases, DIET fails to access exiting file. Do not try to run programs which rewrites FAT of Disk or DOS buffers. The so-called HDD optimizing programas are of this type. Please disable TSR DIET before the use of such programs. DIET tries to trace filenames even with task-swapping of DOS 5.00 or Windows in its enhnaced mode. However, among the many application programs you might find some with which DIET fails to trace tasks swapped. Please take due precautions with task swappings. 5.0. DISTRIBUTION AND COPYRIGHTS Our Distribution Policy. The program together with the other packaged documents is copyrighted by Teddy Matsumoto. The package consists of DIET.EXE, DIET144.DOC, DIETTECH.DOC(not included in this package ask to distributor for English document), DIETAPI.DOC and HISTORY.DOC( sorry for Japanese version ). However, he does not claim the copyright of a program DIETED afterward. You may copy, distribute and use this program free of charge, but: You must use DIET for personal purposes. Anyone who wants to use the restricted storage space of ones hardware may use this software free of charge. You must not charge for copying or distributions, other than a nominal charge for materials and postage. If you distribute DIET, you must distribute the entire package without modification, and you should be prepared to distribute up-dates and fixes as they are released. This applies especially when you distribute on large BBS or in a Diskette. The author would appreciate the report of such distribution. CONTACTING THE AUTHOR. In Japan, Email to Teddy Matsumoto at GBG00230 on Nifty Serve. Overseas Users may contact K.Okubo at one of the following: 74100.2565@compuserve.com GEnie: K.Okubo INTERNET: okubo@tansei.cc.u-tokyo.ac.jp This English Version of DIET144.doc was prepared by Eric O. Stork, STORK on GEnie, and K.Okubo. Load UMB function is available only from ver.145.