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1999-11-17
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ar - create and maintain library archives
ar -d [-Tv] archive file ...
ar -m [-Tv] archive file ...
ar -m [-abiTv] position archive file ...
ar -p [-Tv] archive [file ...]
ar -q [-cTv] archive file ...
ar -r [-cuTv] archive file ...
ar -r [-abciuTv] position archive file ...
ar -t [-Tv] archive [file ...]
ar -x [-ouTv] archive [file ...]
The utility creates and maintains groups of files combined into
an archive. Once an archive has been created, new files can be
added and existing files can be extracted, deleted, or replaced.
Files are named in the archive by a single component, i.e., if a
file referenced by a path containing a slash (``/'') is archived
it will be named by the last component of that path. When match-
ing paths listed on the command line against file names stored in
the archive, only the last component of the path will be com-
pared. All informational and error messages use the path listed
on the command line, if any was specified, otherwise the name in
the archive is used. If multiple files in the archive have the
same name, and paths are listed on the command line to ``select''
archive files for an operation, only the file with a matching
name will be selected. The normal use of is for the creation and
maintenance of libraries suitable for use with the loader (see
although it is not restricted to this purpose. The options are
as follows: -a A positioning modifier used with the options -r
and -m. The files are entered or moved the archive member which
must be specified. -b A positioning modifier used with the op-
tions -r and -m. The files are entered or moved the archive
member which must be specified. -c Whenever an archive is creat-
ed, an informational message to that effect is written to stan-
dard error. If the -c option is specified, creates the archive
silently. -d Delete the specified archive files. -i Identical
to the -b option. -m Move the specified archive files within the
archive. If one of the options -a, -b or -i are specified, the
files are moved before or after the file in the archive. If none
of those options are specified, the files are moved to the end of
the archive. -o Set the access and modification times of ex-
tracted files to the modification time of the file when it was
entered into the archive. This will fail if the user is not the
owner of the extracted file or the super-user. -p Write the con-
tents of the specified archive files to the standard output. If
no files are specified, the contents of all the files in the ar-
chive are written in the order they appear in the archive. -q
(Quickly) append the specified files to the archive. If the ar-
chive does not exist a new archive file is created. Much faster
than the -r option, when creating a large archive piece-by-piece,
as no checking is done to see if the files already exist in the
archive. -r Replace or add the specified files to the archive.
If the archive does not exist a new archive file is created.
Files that replace existing files do not change the order of the
files within the archive. New files are appended to the archive
unless one of the options -a, -b or -i is specified. -T Select
and/or name archive members using only the first fifteen charac-
ters of the archive member or command line file name. The his-
toric archive format had sixteen bytes for the name, but some
historic archiver and loader implementations were unable to han-
dle names that used the entire space. This means that file names
that are not unique in their first fifteen characters can subse-
quently be confused. A warning message is printed to the stan-
dard error output if any file names are truncated. (See for more
information.) -t List the specified files in the order in which
they appear in the archive, each on a separate line. If no files
are specified, all files in the archive are listed. -u Update
files. When used with the -r option, files in the archive will
be replaced only if the disk file has a newer modification time
than the file in the archive. When used with the -x option,
files in the archive will be extracted only if the archive file
has a newer modification time than the file on disk. -v Provide
verbose output. When used with the -d, -m, -q or -x options,
gives a file-by-file description of the archive modification.
This description consists of three, white-space separated fields:
the option letter, a dash (``-'') and the file name. When used
with the -r option, displays the description as above, but the
initial letter is an ``a'' if the file is added to the archive
and an ``r'' if the file replaces a file already in the archive.
When used with the -p option, the name of each printed file is
written to the standard output before the contents of the file,
preceded by a single newline character, and followed by two new-
line characters, enclosed in less-than (``<'') and greater-than
(``>'') characters. When used with the -t option, displays an
``ls -l'' style listing of information about the members of the
archive. This listing consists of eight, white-space separated
fields: the file permissions (see the decimal user and group
ID's, separated by a single slash (``/''), the file size (in
bytes), the file modification time (in the format ``%b %e %H:%M
%Y''), and the name of the file. -x Extract the specified ar-
chive members into the files named by the command line arguments.
If no members are specified, all the members of the archive are
extracted into the current directory. If the file does not ex-
ist, it is created; if it does exist, the owner and group will be
unchanged. The file access and modification times are the time
of the extraction (but see the -o option). The file permissions
will be set to those of the file when it was entered into the ar-
chive; this will fail if the user is not the owner of the ex-
tracted file or the super-user. The utility exits 0 on success,
and >0 if an error occurs. TMPDIR The pathname of the directory
to use when creating temporary files. /tmp default temporary
file directory ar.XXXXXX temporary file names By default, writes
archives that may be incompatible with historic archives, as the
format used for storing archive members with names longer than
fifteen characters has changed. This implementation of is back-
ward compatible with previous versions of in that it can read and
write (using the -T option) historic archives. The -T option is
provided for compatibility only, and will be deleted in a future
release. See for more information. The utility is expected to
offer a superset of the POSIX 1003.2 functionality. ld(1), ran-
lib(1), strmode(3), ar(5)